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7/30/2019 Anatomy Integumentary System Darlene
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Integumentary System & Body
Membranes
Ch. 4
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Please Turn to Page 93 in Your
Book. 2 types of body membranes: Epithelial and
Connective
A membrane= a very thin strong pliable
tissue which covers, lines or connects parts
of an organism
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Epithelial Membranes
Simple organs which contain epithelial andconnective tissue there are 4 types:
Cutaneous Membrane: Skin
Mucous Membranes: (Mucosa) Epithelium on
loose connective tissue. Lines body cavaties thatopen to the outside. Ex.Most form Secretions
Serous Membrane (Serosa): Simple Squamous
epithelium on areolar connective tissue. Lineclosed body cavities
Synovial Membranes: Only connective tissue,
They line joints and tendons.
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What do all membranes have in
common? 1) They all have layers
2) Serous and Mucous Membranes have
parietal layers forming the outside wall andvisceral layers that cover the organs
3) The Serous Membrane secretes a fluid
like the mucosal membranes which decreasefriction.
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Serous Membranes To Know:
Serous
Peritoneum- Lining of the abdominal cavity
and its organs
Pleura- Lining of the lungs and thoracic cavity
Pericardium- Membrane around the heart
All have visceral and parietal layers.
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Ravaged
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Scared
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How did this pimple happen to
YOU? .
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Questions?
What is acne?-Acne is a disorder resulting from the action of hormones and othersubstances on the skin's oil glands (sebaceous glands) and hair follicles
What causes it? The hair, sebum, and keratinocytes that fill the narrow follicle mayproduce a plug, which is an early sign of acne. The plug prevents sebum from reaching the surface ofthe skin through a pore. The mixture of oil and cells allows bacteriaPropionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) that normally live on the skin to grow in the plugged follicles. These bacteria produce attractwhite blood cells that cause inflammation. When the wall of the plugged follicle breaks down, it
spills everything into the nearby skinsebum, shed skin cells, and bacterialeading to lesions orpimples. Hormonal changes , heredity, and some medications.
How is it treated?Benzoyl peroxidedestroysP. acnes, and may alsoreduce oil productionResorcinolcan help break down blackheads and whiteheadsSalicylic acidhelps break down blackheads and whiteheads. Also helps cutdown the shedding of cells lining the hair follicles
Sulfurhelps break down blackheads and whiteheads What doesnt cause it? Chocolate, caffeine, greasy foods, dirt, stress- no effect
Who gets it? (Hint its not nobody) yup, anybody, slows down after40 or 50.
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In order to find out how we all get
pimples, we need to know the parts of
the skin.
Review parts of the skin
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So here is how it happens
.
orAcne
Treatment
Video
http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/acnehttp://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/acnehttp://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/acnehttp://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/acne7/30/2019 Anatomy Integumentary System Darlene
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What is skin?
Its an organ
Made of cutaneous membrane. Superficial
epidermis made of stratified squamousepithelium and dense connective tissue.
Length of replacement? Youth: 28-30 days,
Elderly 45-50 days
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Is skin the same thing as the
integumentary system? No.
Skin is a cutaneous membrane
Integumentary system includes sweat and
oil glands, hair, and nails.
Integument= covering
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What is the jobs of the skin?
Pg. 95 Regulates heat loss.
Excretory functions for urea, salts, and
water. Water Retention
Manufactures proteins
Synthesizes vitamin D Integrate with the nervous system for touch
sensation
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What are the three layers of the
skin?*
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What is the job of the epidermis?
Keratinizes: becomes hard for protection
Avascular: only the lowest level of the
epidermis is close enough to capillaries togain nutrients. That means: the skin you see
is all dead! Shedding skin doesnt hurt!!!
Contains Melanin: pigment produced by
melanocytes.
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Layers of the Epidermis
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Layers of Epidermis
Stratum Basaledeepest, onlyepidermal cells
Stratum Spinosum-make Keratinocytes Stratum Granulosum-fuse cells
together
Stratum Lucidumonly on hands/feet Stratum Corneumtop layer, filled
with keratin
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Epidermis Skin Layers
Granulosum
Spinosum
Lucidum
Basale
Corneum
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What is the job of the dermis?
Its leather. Protective, strong, living, and
houses many other tissues.
Sweat Glands: maintain body temp.Excrete waste.
Hair follicles/bulbs: for warmth
Nerves: pain, pressure, temperature
Blood vessels: maintain body temp
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2 Regions of Dermis
Papillary layer
contain capillaries for nutrientsfor epidermis
pain and touch receptors
Regulates temperature
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2 Regions of Dermis
Reticular Layerdeepest skinlayer
Blood vessels, sweat and oilglands, and deep pressure
receptorsThick collagen strengthens skin
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Papillary and Reticular Layers
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Skin Color
Melanin (yellow, reddish brown, orblack)
Carotene
Oxygen bound to hemoglobin in
dermal blood vesselsPoorly oxygenated blood causes
cyanosis in Caucasians
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What do Melanocytes do?
Produces pigment to protect the cells DNA.
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Alterations in Skin Color
Redness (erythema)embarrassment, fever, allergy
Pallor (blanching)fear, anger
Jaundice (yellow)liver disorder,
excess bile Bruisesblood escaped circulated
and clots in tissue spaces
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What is an appendage of the
skin? Append= to hang on
These are things that hang on or are
attached to the skin.
Appendages include: Glands, Hair, and
Nails
All appendages are part of the epidermis
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What is the job of hair and hair
follicles? Guards the head and eyes as well as
respiratory tract from particles & impact.
Head Hair retains body heat. All other bodyhair is a vestigial feature.
Hair Follicles grow hair
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What are the parts of the hair follicle?
Pg. 96 Root of hair is enclosed in the hair follicle
(The hair bulb matrix= zone of growthwhich contains melanin).
Hair grows up the shaft to the surface of theskin.
The bulk of hair is dead. There are 3 layers
to hair: 1) Medulla, 2) Cortex, 3) Cuticle(Protection against abrasion, Damage=SplitEnds)
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Hair Growth
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What makes hair look different?
The amount of melanin secreted
The shape of the hair is regulated by the
shape of the hair follicle which changesthe shape of the hair shaft.
Round Hair (straight shaft)= Straight and
Coarse
Oval Hair= Wavy and Smooth
Curley Hair (hooked shaft)= Flat
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Used for protection
The root of the nail is embedded in theskin. Grows from the nail matrix. The
cells, heavily Keratinized die.
Extends along the nail bed. Lunulamoon shaped beginning of nail
Fig4.7 pg. 102 Lun= moon
What are the parts of the nail?
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Nail Growth
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What do the cutaneous glands
do? Exocrine glands that secrete onto the
surface of the skin. Sebaceous & Sweat
Sebaceous Glands- Produce oil all over thebody. Sebum used for softening, water
retention, killing bacteria. Increases when
testosterone is produced= Oily skin. Sweat Glands- helps maintain homeostasis
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What are the two types of sweat
glands? Eccrine Glands: Cover Body, Contain
H2O, Salt, Vit. C, Wastes, Lactic Acid
pH 4-6: antibacterial
Sweat pores are not easily visible, Contain
nerve endings for regulation
Develop 4th month gestation
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And the Other One?
Apocrine glands- auxiliary and genital
areas. Ducts empty into hair follicles.
Milky-yellowish in color, odorless. Bodyodor occurs when bacteria eat it. *Thought
to be used in excreting pheromones*
Develop 6th month gestation.Pheromones
And Mates
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/6/l_016_08.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/6/l_016_08.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/6/l_016_08.html7/30/2019 Anatomy Integumentary System Darlene
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Why do you not have wrinkles
when your young? Collagen fibers: Strong and keep the skin
hydrated (attract H2O).
Elastic fibers: Keep skin elastic. Like allelastic its less so after time.
Loose fat in the hypodermis. = sagging
Decrease in subcutaneous tissue, causes
dryness, cold sensitivity, and bruising in the
elderly
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What happens when the
epidermis and dermis separate? A blister
Caused by friction or burns.
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What causes goose bumps?
Smooth muscles called Arrector pili that
attach to hair follicles contract. Figure 4.5
pg. 100
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What is the job of the
hypodermis? Anchors the skin
Shock absorber
Insulates from temperature change
Gives shape to fatty areas of the body
Fat Lab
Time
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Skin Pop Quiz
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Diseases of the Skin and Aging
Brace Yourself
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Problems of the skin
Bedsores orDecubitus Ulcers- Caused by
pinching off of the blood supply to the skin.
Occurs over bony areas of the body. Seefigure 4.4 on Pg. 98
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Alopecia
Fancy word for balding
By age 50, 1/3 of your hair follicles may be
lost
Severe alopecia can happen to anyone at
any age and is not thought to be genetic.
ALL BODY HAIR is lost!!!
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Infections and Allergies of Skin
Athletes foot (tinea pedis) fungus
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More Diseases
Boils and carbuncles
inflammation of hair follicles and
sebaceous glands
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And another Disease
Cold soresherpes simplex virusactivated by emotional upset, fever or
UV radiation
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Infections and Allergies of Skin
Contact Dermatitisitching,
redness, and swelling caused by
exposure to chemicals (poison ivy)
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Still more Disease
Impetigopink, water-filled,
raised lesions that develop a yellow
crust and rupturecaused by
staphylococcus
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Infections and Allergies of Skin
Psoriasischronic condition of
reddened epidermal lesions
covered with dry scalestriggeredby trauma, infection, hormones,
stress
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Vitaligo
Three possible causes
Autoimmune attack
Malfunctioning nervesSelf destructive cells
Some treatments such as creams are
effective in early stages. Can effect anyone.
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What are the problems with
smoking and sun on theepidermis?
Leathery skin
Cold sore (herpes outbreak)
Depressed immune system
All from DNA damage.
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Review Burns and Skin Cancer
What are the ABCDs of Skin Cancer?
What are the 3deg. Of Burn?
Skin
Cancer
Link
Burns
http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/diseases.asp?did=539#What_is
http://www.understand.com/derm.asphttp://www.understand.com/derm.asphttp://www.understand.com/derm.asphttp://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=230475http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/diseases.asp?did=539http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/HumanAtlas/flash_content/clientNF.asp?anid=85http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/diseases.asp?did=539http://www.virtualcancercentre.com/HumanAtlas/flash_content/clientNF.asp?anid=85http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=230475http://www.understand.com/derm.asp7/30/2019 Anatomy Integumentary System Darlene
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Skin Cancer
Squamous Cell Basal Cell
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Administering Medications
Transdermal - skin patches for
nicotine, motion sickness, birth
controlslow absorption
Subcutaneousinsulin
moderate absorption Intramuscularvaccinesrapid
absorption
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Developmental Aspects
5th monthfetus covered withdowny hair (lanugo) that is shed by
birth Adolescenceskin and hairbecome more oily as sebaceousglands are activated (acne)
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Developmental Aspects
Aginghair thinning and baldnessmales
Gray hairdecreasing amount ofmelanin depositedcaused byanxiety, protein-deficiency,chemotherapy, excessive vitaminA, genetics