Anatomy of cardiovascular system

BMS 231: 2015/2016

DR SOBIA IKRAMDR AQEELA BANODR SADIA FARHAN

Table of Contents

1. Objectives for this lesson2. Function of the Cardiovascular system and the

Blood Vessels involved .3. Location , coverings, walls and Layers of the

Heart.4. External and Internal Anatomy of Heart

chambers and heart valves.5. Coronary circulation and Conducting system

of the heart.6. Anatomy of Aorta , arterial and Venous

Drainage of the heart.

Objectives

When you finish this lesson, you should be able to • Describe the Functions of the Cardiovascular

system and the blood Vessels involved. • Identify the Location, coverings , walls and Layers

of the heart.• Understand the External and Internal Anatomy of

the Heart and its Valves. • Explain the conducting system and the coronary

circulation of the heart.• Understand the Anatomy of Aorta, arterial and

Venous Drainage of the heart.

The Cardiovascular System

The function of the cardiovascular system is

• Deliver oxygen and nutrients • Remove carbon dioxide and other

waste products

A closed system of the heart and blood vessels· The heart pumps blood· Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to

all parts of the body

The Cardiovascular System

BLOOD VESSELS

• Arteries are the vessels that take the blood away from the heart.

• Veins are thinner walled vessels compared to arteries. They move deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the tissues.

• Capillaries are the smallest vessels. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells.

BLOOD VESSELS

Heart Anatomy

Location of heart • Posterior to sternum• Anterior to vertebral column• Medial to lungs• Base lies beneath 2nd rib• Apex lies in 5th intercostal space

• Lies upon diaphram

Location of the Heart

The Heart: Coverings

Pericardium – a double layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart.

1. Visceral pericardium· Next to heart

2. Parietal pericardium· Outer layer

Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium is called pericardial fluid

Pericardium

The Heart Wall

Three layers· Epicardium

· Outside layer· This layer is the visceral pericardium

· Myocardium· Middle layer· Mostly cardiac muscle

· Endocardium· Inner layer

Heart Anatomy of heart layers

There are four chambers of the heart

1. Two atrias - right and left atrium.2. Two ventricles - right and left ventricles

Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)

Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)

ATRIAsmall, thin-walled chambers

Functions Receives blood

RIGHT ATRIUM Receives blood from Superior and Inferior

Vena Cava

LEFT ATRIUM

Receives blood from Pulmonary Veins

Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)

VENTRICLES» make up most of the mass of the

heart

» the walls of the left ventricle are 3 times thicker than those of the right ventricle

Heart Anatomy (CHAMBERS)

VENTRICLES Function

Pushes the blood to the body and lungs

RIGHT VENTRICLEPushes the blood to lungs by right and left

pulmonary arteries.

LEFT VENTRICLEPushes the blood to the body through aorta.

http://www.google.com.sa/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=nrobM4sjJ3Eo2M&tbnid=JzP1CH8hsoEemM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://all-diagram.blogspot.com/2012/12/internal-anatomy-of-heart.html&ei=DL0gUYDrIMjbsga1xoCwCw&psig=AFQjCNG4QknXsN2OFx0tuuZiUaFIkjyvKQ&ust=1361186249908290

Heart Anatomy (Valves)

HEART VALVES • The valves help the blood to flow in

one direction

• The valves open and close in response to differences in blood pressure on their two sides

Heart Anatomy (Valves)

• ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES

LIES BETWEEN ATRIA AND VENTRICLES

– Tricuspid Valve (right side)

– Mitral Valve (left side)

Heart Anatomy(Valves)• SEMILUNAR VALVES

– located between the ventricles and the large arteries

– Pulmonary Valve (right side)

– Aortic Valve (left side)

Location of Heart Valves

Heart Anatomy(Valves)

Coronary circulation

• Anterior view

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF HEART

Conduction system of heart

• The heart is controlled by the ANS – it increases/decreases contraction, but it does NOT initiate it.

• The heart has its own regulating system = conduction system

• The conduction system is composed of specialized muscle tissue that generates action potentials within cardiac tissue

CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART

ANATOMY OF CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM OF HEART

1. SA NODE Located in the right atrial wall

2. AV NODE Located in the interatrial septum

ANATOMY OF CONDUCTIVE SYSTEM

3. AV BUNDLELocated at the interventricular septum

4. BUNDLE BRANCHESLocated below the AV bundle

5. CONDUCTION MYOFIBERS (Purkinje Fibers)Located in the ventricular myocardium

CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART

CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter22/animation__conducting_system_of_the_heart.html

ANATOMY OF AORTA

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE BODY

Major Arteries of the Upper and lower limb

http://www.google.com.sa/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=A0yvYI-rsjyQuM&tbnid=wa6lLp0VNQ3NmM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com/Circulatory_Routes.html&ei=GMYkUZyKGcqptAaBmYHACg&psig=AFQjCNFfwzBsI0qXE0zt13uvnkQ18EbLfA&ust=1361450689520587

Veins of the Upper and lower limb

Lungs

Body cells

SUMMARY of our Circulatory System

the right side of the

system

deals with

deoxygenated blood.

the left side of the

system

deals with

oxygenated blood.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sI6yXy3u2sI

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQd73stLZl8