Anatomy & Physiology

Cell + Cell Cells + Cells Tissue + Tissues

Organ + Organs

System +

Systems

Human Body

Structural Units

Cells membrane

Definition: - Is the membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell.

Cytoplasm

* Gel-like fluid, occupies a major portion of the cell.

* It consists mainly of water. Functions: 1- Absorption.

2- Cell duplication.

Nucleus

- Nucleus has DNA & RNA.- DNA & RNA are 2 proteins that carry genetic

information.- The nucleus is the Control Center of the cell.

- It directs the metabolic activities.- At least one nucleus in each cell.

- RBC lose their nucleus as they mature.- Skeletal muscle have more than one nucleus.

Anatomy & Physiology

Cell + Cell Cells + Cells Tissue + Tissues

Organ + Organs

System +

Systems

Human Body

Structural Units

Tissues * Tissues are group of specialized cells that joint together to perform a particular function

1- Epithelial

2- Connective

3- Muscle

4- Nerve

Epithelial Tissues

* Epithelial tissue make a continuous covering of external (Skin) & internal (GIT)

body surfaces.

* Functions:

1- Protection

2- Secretion

3- Regulate the passage of materials across them.

Epithelial Tissues* In the small intestine it absorbs nutrients.

* In glands it secrets digestive enzymes, hormones, mucous & saliva.

* Specialized epithelial cells, i.e. have special Functions such as skin color, hair,

nails, mucous production & sweat regulation.

Connective Tissue* It is the major structural material of

the body. Functions:

- Provide support for the body

- Connects its organs & tissues.

Connective Tissues

* It includes( tendons, cartilage, bone, blood, lymph)

* Their functions include:- Bind & support other tissues.

- Store fat.- Kill bacteria.

- Produce blood cells & produce antibodies against infection &

diseases

Membranes

* They are layers of tissues.* Functions:

- Cover.- Line.

- Divide.

Membranes

1- Meninges

2- Cell Membrane

3- Serous Membrane

4-Mucous Membrane

5-Synovial Membrane

Types

Membranes

* Meninges:- It covers the brain & the spinal cord

Membranes

* Cell Membrane:- Structural.

- Transportation.

Membranes

* Serous Membrane:- Surrounds organs in the chest & stomach

- Provide protection against disease & reduce friction with neighboring parts.

Membranes

* Mucous Membrane:- Lines digestive & respiratory tracts.

- Secrets mucous fluid that fights infection, contains antibodies.

Membranes

* Synovial Membrane:- Covers joints & tendons like a bag or sac.- It contains fluid that lubricate joints called

synovial fluid.