Upload
austen-mills
View
219
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Ancient and Ancient and Egyptian Egyptian
ArchitectureArchitectureArchitectural HistoryArchitectural History
ACT 322ACT 322
Doris KempDoris Kemp
TopicsTopics
MesopotamiaMesopotamia SumerSumer BabylonBabylon Ancient IsraelAncient Israel CreteCrete MycenaeMycenae
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Mesopotamia Mesopotamia
MesopotamiaMesopotamia Coexists with same time period as the Coexists with same time period as the
EgyptiansEgyptians Centered around the Tigris and Centered around the Tigris and
Euphrates riversEuphrates rivers Modern day IraqModern day Iraq
Signs of civilization begin to appear Signs of civilization begin to appear around 4500 B.C.around 4500 B.C.
Peak of civilization is around 3300 B.C.Peak of civilization is around 3300 B.C.
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Mesopotamia - SumerMesopotamia - Sumer
SumerSumer Great kingdom located in MesopotamiaGreat kingdom located in Mesopotamia Building materials were scarceBuilding materials were scarce
Timber was completely absent and stone Timber was completely absent and stone was very scarcewas very scarce
Mud was used to create bricksMud was used to create bricks Highly soluble in waterHighly soluble in water
Most structures have been destroyed Most structures have been destroyed due to rain and timedue to rain and time
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Mesopotamia - SumerMesopotamia - Sumer
SumerSumer Architectural characteristics include:Architectural characteristics include:
Heavy walls made of mud bricksHeavy walls made of mud bricks Great massings of earth Great massings of earth Tombs were very rareTombs were very rare
Temples of interest:Temples of interest: Temple VIII at EriduTemple VIII at Eridu White Temple at UrukWhite Temple at Uruk
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Mesopotamia - SumerMesopotamia - Sumer
SumerSumer Temple VIII at Temple VIII at
EriduEridu Ancient site near UrAncient site near Ur Thick walls of mud Thick walls of mud
bricksbricks Set atop a primitive Set atop a primitive
mud-brick platformmud-brick platform Featured stairs Featured stairs
leading up to an leading up to an entrance on the long entrance on the long side of the templeside of the temple
Photo: Sullivan
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Mesopotamia - SumerMesopotamia - Sumer
SumerSumer White Temple at White Temple at
UrukUruk 3500 – 3000 B.C.3500 – 3000 B.C. Placed upon a huge Placed upon a huge
mass of earth called mass of earth called a ziggurata ziggurat
Photo: Sullivan
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Mesopotamia - Babylon Mesopotamia - Babylon
BabylonBabylon Neo-Babylonian RevivalNeo-Babylonian Revival
Culture was revived in 612 B.C.Culture was revived in 612 B.C. Many new temples and palaces were builtMany new temples and palaces were built Thick walls surrounded the city with a Thick walls surrounded the city with a
distance of some 11 milesdistance of some 11 miles Key locations:Key locations:
Ishtar GateIshtar Gate Tower of BabelTower of Babel Palace of NebuchadnezzarPalace of Nebuchadnezzar
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Mesopotamia – BabylonMesopotamia – Babylon
BabylonBabylon Ishtar GateIshtar Gate
Most impressive Most impressive remnant of the great remnant of the great citycity
Dominated the wide Dominated the wide processional avenue processional avenue and led to the inner and led to the inner citycity
Partly reconstructed Partly reconstructed in the State in the State Museum, Berlin , Museum, Berlin , GermanyGermany
Photo: Sullivan
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Mesopotamia – BabylonMesopotamia – Babylon
Tower of BabelTower of Babel Most famous of all the Most famous of all the
ziggurats of ancient ziggurats of ancient MesopotamiaMesopotamia
Has been restored Has been restored many times throughout many times throughout the centuriesthe centuries
No one really knows No one really knows how it actually lookedhow it actually looked
Photo: Sullivan
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Mesopotamia - BabylonMesopotamia - Babylon
BabylonBabylon Palace of NebuchadnezzarPalace of Nebuchadnezzar
The most grandiose palace in BabylonThe most grandiose palace in Babylon Featured the Hanging GardensFeatured the Hanging Gardens
One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient WorldOne of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Approximately 900 by 600 ft. in sizeApproximately 900 by 600 ft. in size Has been praised by many historians for its Has been praised by many historians for its
many splendid featuresmany splendid features
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Ancient IsraelAncient Israel
Ancient IsraelAncient Israel King Solomon’s TempleKing Solomon’s Temple
Built around the 10Built around the 10thth century B.C. century B.C. Located atop Mt. Moriah in JerusalemLocated atop Mt. Moriah in Jerusalem Rectangular structure surrounded by open Rectangular structure surrounded by open
courtyardscourtyards Rebuilt two times due to invadersRebuilt two times due to invaders The third temple is associated with the The third temple is associated with the
Christian New TestamentChristian New Testament Destroyed in A.D. 70 by the RomansDestroyed in A.D. 70 by the Romans
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:Ancient IsraelAncient Israel
Ancient IsraelAncient Israel Wailing Wall in Wailing Wall in
Jerusalem is believed to Jerusalem is believed to be the last remnants of be the last remnants of Solomon’s third templeSolomon’s third temple
Photo: Sullivan
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:CreteCrete
CreteCrete Key locations:Key locations:
City of TroyCity of Troy Was thought to be a mythical location until the Was thought to be a mythical location until the
1870’s A.D.1870’s A.D. Discovered by Heinrich SchliemannDiscovered by Heinrich Schliemann
Palace at KnossosPalace at Knossos c. 1700 – 1400 B.C.c. 1700 – 1400 B.C. Possibly built for King MidasPossibly built for King Midas Only the ground floor has survived the centuriesOnly the ground floor has survived the centuries
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:MycenaeMycenae
MycenaeMycenae Modern day GreeceModern day Greece A great society of warriorsA great society of warriors More interested architecturally in More interested architecturally in
citadels rather than pleasure palacescitadels rather than pleasure palaces Recognized the importance of geometry Recognized the importance of geometry
and proportions in architectureand proportions in architecture
Ancient Near East:Ancient Near East:MycenaeMycenae
MycenaeMycenae Two important Two important
structures:structures: Citadel at TyrinsCitadel at Tyrins
Best preserved Best preserved citadel of Mycenaecitadel of Mycenae
Up to 36 ft. thick Up to 36 ft. thick wallswalls
Lined with galleries Lined with galleries that featured massive that featured massive corbelled ceilingscorbelled ceilings
Treasury of AtreusTreasury of Atreus Large dome shaped Large dome shaped
tomb dating back to tomb dating back to 1300 B.C.1300 B.C. Photo: Sullivan
ReferencesReferences Sullivan, Mary; Sullivan, Mary;
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/
wdpt1.htmlwdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From
Prehistory to PostmodernityPrehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western
ArchitectureArchitecture