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Ancient Egyptian Civilization
Kemet- the Black Land
First image comes to mind…
Egypt: “Gift of the Nile”…Herodotus
No rain but agricultural prosperity was unmatched.
July Inundation receded in October leaving rich, fertile soil.
Isolation impacted on psyche- harmony, everything was in balance: “ma’at”
Like Mesopotamia, religion was the center of Egyptian life.Religious beliefs reflected the importance of nature as a benevolent force
The Hall of Justice
The Palette of Narmer, 3100 BC: The Archaic Period
The Old Kingdom, or Age of the Pyramids, 2686-2181 BC
Jean Francois Champollion
• took 13 years to decipher the Rosetta Stone, 1822.
• “father of Egyptology”
Civil War between Noble families ended the Old Kingdom
Mentuhotep II >re-established the central government and built a new capital at Thebes>major rebuilding program>drained swamps >restored irrigation systems>built canal to the Red Sea>Repelled the Nubians>trade flourished with the Kush, Syria, Mesopotamia and Crete
The Middle Kingdom, 2090-1650 BCE
Temples at Luxor and Karnak
Thy Hyksos invasions, 1720 BC – led to the 2nd intermediate period
• Hyksos invaders introduce the chariot
• Ahmose I - founder of the New Kingdom
(1570-1070 BC
Queen Hatshepsut, “Restorer of Egypt”
(1479 - 1458 BC)
Thutmose III“The Napoleon of Egypt”(1479-1426 BC)
>17 military campaigns during 32 year reign- never lost a battle!>captured 350 cities in Palestine
Akhenaton 1379-1362 BC Nefertiti
Amenhotep IV as Akhenaton, 1379-1362 B.C.
•
Tutankhamen
King Tut’s burial mask.Howard Carter, 1922
Anubis, God of the Dead
Abu Simbel- temple of Ramesses II (Ramesses the Great)
The Battle of Kadesh, 1275 BCE
Temple of Horus, Ramses III
• Hekla volcano in Iceland???
• Labor strikes• Civil unrest• Series of droughts• Below-normal
flooding• Famine• Official corruption• Power grabs by
High Priests at Thebes
• Invasions by Sea Peoples and Libyan tribesmen
Ptolemy I
Cleopatra VII
Any questions?
