ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

Lesson 3

Vocabulary

•Empire

•expedition

People

• Ahmose

•Hatshepsut

• Tutankhamun

MIDDLE KINGDOM

• 2100B.C- 1700B.C

• Egypt's contact with other parts of the world increased

• Egyptian traders increased their business with cities in western Asia• People from Asia moved into Egypt's delta region• These people are called Hyksos

WAR WITH HYKSOS

• Ruled over Lower Egypt

•Hyksos used horses, chariots, strong bronze weapons and bows and arrows to defeat Egyptians• Under the rule of Pharaoh Ahmose they took back Lower

Egypt• This defeat began the New Kingdom

PHARAOH AHMOSE

• Vowed that outsiders would never again control any part of Egypt

• They set out to make Egypt the strongest military

EXPANSION

• Egypt’s leader worked to get land that was lost during war

• Egypt became an empire when it conquered Nubia, Syria and Lebanon• New lands gave Egypt a wealth of new resources

• Egypt became an empire

• Economy was no longer focused on farming

TRADE

• Egypt traded (exported ) golden jewelry, linen cloth and papyrus

• Trade and war helped link Egypt with its neighbors in the Sahara, Nubia, western Asia, and the Mediterranean

• Imported- silver, timber, oil jars, paintings, leopard skins and elephant ivory

• Soilders traveled with trading caravans to protect the goods

HATSHEPSUT

• Female pharaoh

• “first of the noble ladies”

• Expanded Egyptian trade to Punt (Eastern Africa)

•When her husband died, she felt as though her son was too young to become pharaoh on his own• She was co-pharaoh/ruler

HATSHEPSUT’S TRADING JOURNEY

• 8th year in reign, she organized the biggest trading expedition of her career• Lasted for 2 years

• Goal: was to trade with punt (today’s Ethiopia or Somalia)

• Egypt received: gold, perfume, ivory, leopard skins, and live apes

• Scribes recorded the numbers of goods aboard the ships (5)

• Khmet (from Punt) came to Egypt to meet the Pharaoh

Medicine in Egypt

• Egyptian doctors were actually priests who learned their skills in temple schools

• Scribes wrote down illnesses and injuries and what worked best• 1st medical textbook

Math and Science

• Priest- scientists also used their knowledge of math to build pyramids; understand the stars

DAILY LIFE IN EGYPT

SOCIAL PYRAMID

• A persons position in society depended on what he/she did for a living

• Most powerful person was at the top of the social pyramid

• 1st: pharaoh

• Government officials

• Solders

• Scribes

• Merchants

• Artisans

• Farmers

• slaves

SLAVERY

•Hardest work: they worked in….• The hot gold mines

• Flood waters of the Nile (farming)

• Dug canals

• Servants in the house

• Basic rights:

• Right to be treated fairly under the law and own property

CITIES IN EGYPT

• Where many craft workers and artists worked/ lived

CHILDREN IN EGYPT

• They loved to spin tops, make cloth dolls, run and play games

• Pets: dogs, cats and monkeys

• Children of the Pharaoh had their own swimming pool