Ancient Italy Week 2.1 Italian Prehistory

7/31/2019 Ancient Italy Week 2.1 Italian Prehistory

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Italian Prehistory


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Prehistoric site ofGrotta Guattari

Lazio, Circeoca 50,000 BP


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Venus of Savignano

Discovered 1923 Savignano (It. Prov. Emilia-Romagna)

Upper Paleolithic Period (18000-10000BP)

Steatite female figurine Fertility figurine?


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Val Camonica Italy

Petroglyph of a herd of animalsfirst Italian site to go on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1979


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Rock Art (petroglyph): A warrior with sword and shieldVal Camonica, Italy (Iron Age Period)


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South TyrolNorth Italian provinceIceman, tzi

near Mt Fineilspitze


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COPPER AGE ICEMAN: TZI3500-2300 BCE


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TZI

http://iceman.eurac.edu/


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TZI: TATTOOS


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TZI: TATTOOS

Cutting into the skinand rubbing incharcoal

Early form ofacupuncture torelieve arthritis?


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TZI: CLOTHING

a cloak made of thehid of a goat

a loincloth andleggings made fromgoatskin


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TZI: CLOTHING

a bearskin cap with aleather chin strap

Shoes consisted of

Internal grass netting tohold hay (insulation) inplace

outer part is made of

deerskin


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TZI: EQUIPMENT

First aid kit birch polypore is known to have antibiotic

Belt and pouch containing materials for

kindling fire


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TZI: TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Copper Axe Dagger with sheath

Quiver and arrow points

and arrow shafts


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Injuries

Severe cuts on righthand (few days old)

Arrow wound on

back left shoulder(few hours old)

Blow to the back of

the head (few hoursold) Cause of Death:

internal bleeding


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Bronze Age Apennine Culture Homogeneous material culture

Settlement Organization: permanently settled villages on

hilltops Economy:

Mixed-economy based onsedentary agriculture and animalhusbandry

seasonal transhumantpastoralism: stock-raising thatentails seasonal movement of

flocks between upland pastures(in the summer) and lowlandpastures (in the autumn)

Origins: Migrations of Indo-Europeans


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Italian Ages

Early and Middle Bronze Age ---------2000-1300 BCE Late and Final Bronze Age --------------1300-900 BCE Early Iron Age -----------------------------900-700 BCE Orientalizing Period-----------------------700-580 BCE Archaic Period-----------------------------580-509 BCE Early Republic Period --------------------509-264 BCE Middle Republic --------------------------264-133 BCE

Late Republic --------------------------------133-31 BCE Early Empire ----------------------------31 BCE- 138 CE Middle Empire --------------------------138 CE-235 CE Late Empire ---------------------------------235- 395 CE


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Italian Iron Age Cultures

Two Main Groups

1. Cremation Culture

Golasecca, Este, andVillanovan

2. Inhuming Culture

Middle Adriatic,Apulian and Fossa


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Golasecca Culture

Named for the place,Golasecca, where the firstfinds of the culture wasfound in the 19th century

Most important burialsfound in raised locations,surrounded by a circle ofstones

Traditional burial rite:cremation of the body andburial of the ashes interracotta urns along withgrave goods


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Situla Art of the Este CultureSitula Benvenuti from Este

Late 7th BCE

Flourished from the9th to the 3rdcenturies BCE

Cremation burials Notable for bronze

situla (buckets)

decorated withembossed designs


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Este's Civilization: Bold-Dolfn Situla4th century BCEMorlungo (Padua)

Documents

Ancient Italy Week 2.1 Italian Prehistory