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Ancient Rome Notes
Pax Romana
Objectives
The student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. in terms of its impact on Western civilization by
Explaining the economic, social, and political impact of the Pax Romana
Essential QuestionsWhat was the Pax Romana?
What was the impact of the Pax Romana on the Roman Empire?
Pax Romana
A period of peace and prosperity known as “Roman peace”, lasted from 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E. (207 years)
During this time the Roman Empire continued to expand, especially into the Near East
Economic ImpactAgriculture was the most important industry (90% farmed)
Silver coin, the denarius, was used throughout Rome, which made trade between all parts of the empire easy• Uniform system of
money
Economic ImpactA complex network of roads linked the empire to Persia, southern Russia, China, etc.were originally built by military
Roads were protected and safe to travel which encouraged tradeGoods and culture were spread
Overall promoted peace and stability
Social Impact
Family was the heart of Roman society
The Pax Romana increased emphasis on family
the eldest man, known as the paterfamilias, or “father of the family”
had power to rule the household, control property, banish family members, etc.
Social Impact
Women, both rich and poor, were nearly equal the men
Upper-class women could own property and attended public baths, plays, and festivals, but still could not vote
Lower-class women could be weavers, shopkeepers, or entertainers
Social Impact
Few children went to school, boys were favored over girls, and poor children had to work and were generally illiterate
Slaves were a bigger part of Roman culture than any culture before; they worked in cities and on farms and many were treated cruelly or forced to be gladiators
Political Impact
Augustus stabilized the frontier, glorified Rome with splendid buildings and created a long-lasting system of government
Created a uniform rule of law
He also set up a civil service
which meant that he paid workers to manage the affairs of government, such as the grain supply, tax collection, and the postal system
Political Impact
The Senate still functioned, but the civil servants, drawn from plebeians and former slaves administered the empire
The Roman Forum was a central area in which commerce and the administration of justice took place
Objectives
The student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. in terms of its impact on Western civilization by
Explaining the economic, social, and political impact of the Pax Romana
Essential QuestionsWhat was the Pax Romana?
What was the impact of the Pax Romana on the Roman Empire?
Ancient Rome Notes
Roman Contributions
Objectives
The student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. in terms of its impact on Western civilization by
Listing contributions in art and architecture, technology, and science, literature, and history, language, religious institutions, and law
Essential QuestionsHow did Roman achievements influence western civilization?
Art/Architecture
The Colossuem, a huge arena that could hold 50,000 and hosted gladiators contests, games, races, animal shows, etc.
Art/Architecture
The Pantheon was a temple for all the gods in Rome, had massive columns and domes, which were typical
Art/Architecture
Used bas-relief, where images project from a flat background
Where also skilled in mosaics, pictures or designs made by setting small pieces of stone, glass, or tile onto a surface
Technology
Aqueducts were designed to bring water into cities and towns
Couldn’t be built without roman arches
Vast network of roads
built of stone, concrete,
and sand
Languages
Latin was the official language of Rome
Latin influenced French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian which became known
as the Romance
Languages
Literature
Writers used Roman themes and ideas while following Greek forms and models
Virgil, a poet, wrote The Aeneid, which was a praise of Rome and Roman virtues; he believed government was Rome’s most important contribution to civilization
Law
All persons had the right to equal treatment
under the lawA person was considered innocent until proven guiltyThe burden of proof rested with the accuser, not the accused
A person should be punished only for actions, not thoughts
Any law that seemed unreasonable or unfair
could be set aside
Medicine
Emphasis on public health
Public baths
Public water system
Medical schools
Religion
Adopted the Greek gods, but changed their names
Most important were Jupiter (Zeus) – father of the gods, Juno (Hera) – his wife, who watched over marriage and women, and Minerva (Athena) – goddess of wisdom and war
Christianity spread throughout the Roman Empire and eventually became the official religion
Greek and Roman GodsGreek God Roman God Role
Ares Mars* God of War
Zeus Jupiter* Chief God
Hera Juno Wife of chief God
Aphrodite Venus Goddess of love
Artemis Diana Goddess of the Hunt
Athena Minerva Goddess of Wisdom
Hermes Mercury Messenger God
Hades Pluto God of the Underworld
Poseidon Neptune God of the Sea
Hephaestus Vulcan God of Fire
Gods and Goddesses Roman Gods and Goddesses
polytheistic Government and religion
linked Deities symbols of state
Expected to honor in private rituals as well as publicly in temples Military campaigns began with
worship and sacrifices to the Gods
Also worship of the Emperor became part of the official religion of Rome as well Concept of Pietas- dutiful
obedience▪ King head of the state,
paterfamilias head of the household
Gladiators
Gladiator games used to distract and control the masses of Rome
Mainly poor and unemployed
By A.D. 250 over 150 holidays a year
Free games, races, mock battles, and Gladiator battles
Celebrated in Coliseum
Combined bravery, cruelty, honor, and violence
Wild animals from distant lands
Objectives
The student will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Rome from about 700 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. in terms of its impact on Western civilization by
Listing contributions in art and architecture, technology, and science, literature, and history, language, religious institutions, and law
Essential QuestionsHow did Roman achievements influence western civilization?