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7/27/2019 Ancylostoma English
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Hookworms
by Andrs Meraz
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The Hookworms are nematodes from thefamily of the ancylostomidae
The two species of Hookworm that affect
to human being are Ancylostomaduodenale and Necator Americanus.
A.duodenale can be find in the south ofEurope, north of Africa, and Asia.
N. americanus can be find in America andAustralia.
Hoolworm
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Life Cycle
The eggs of these parasites hatch around24-48 hours in rhabditoid larvae (ornoninfective stage).
A. duodenale N. americanus
They can hatch into the fecal matter or directly in thesoil if it have an optymal temperature.
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Rhabditoid Larvae
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Life Cycle(II)
The Juvenile larvaes ate fecal matter during3 days, then they pass to this secondlarvae stage.
5-10 after they change to larvae filariformstage. In this state they cans survive from3 to 4 weeks out of a host.
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Life Cycle (III)
Infect Humans penetrating the skin,reaching the vessels, and carried away bythe bloodstream to reach the small
intestine.
Cuttingplates in N.americanusCutting
teeth in A.duodenale
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Life Cycle(IV)
Change of skin until two times until reachthe maturity. The A. duodenale adult male is from 8-11mm
and the female is from 10-13mm The N. americanus adult male is from 7-9mm
and the females are from 9-11mm
Adult Hookworms, copule and the eggs
appears in the fecal matter in about 6weeks.
Then the life cycle starts again, the adultslives from 1 to 2 years.
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Cycle
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Transmission
Filariform larvae wait in the soil orfecal matter until they find a host.
When they do, they penetrate theskin of the feet or the hands.
Children, elder people, and peopleworking in contact with
contaminated soils have a high riskof infection.
http://av.rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9ibyKLhkSpFpu4AZneHBqMX;_ylu=X3oDMTBwanIybjRqBHBndANhdHdfaW1nX3Jlc3VsdARzZWMDc3I-/SIG=13bhfhp08/EXP=1160504161/**http%3a//www.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/305225/2/istockphoto_305225_hands.jpghttp://av.rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A9ibyKLFkSpFpu4Ap22HBqMX;_ylu=X3oDMTBwanIybjRqBHBndANhdHdfaW1nX3Jlc3VsdARzZWMDc3I-/SIG=123b7p3ti/EXP=1160504133/**http%3a//all.snapsoid.com/580/~Andreas_feet.jpg7/27/2019 Ancylostoma English
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Pathogeny
Asymptomatic until the parasites begin tomultiply in a great amount.
The Symptoms include: Skin irritation at the site of penetration
Iron Deficiency AnemiaAbdominal painDiarrheaLoss of appetiteWeight LossfatigueShortness of breathcardiomegalyCardiac arrhythmias
Extremely cases are mental retardationand growht retardation.
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Diagnosis
Fecal samples with parasite eggsor larvae.
Observe the symptoms
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Control and Treatment
Scientist are trying to develop avaccine
In some Countries, the infection isso common that dont receive anytreatment.
Used drugs are albendazole and
mebendazole.
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Prevention
Wear shoes.
Monitor the disposal of human
feces.
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Bibliography
"Hookworm Image Library." Division ofParasitic Diseases. Center for DiseaseControl. 29 Sept. 2006
. "Hookworm Infection Fact Sheet."
Parasitic Disease Infection. Center forDisease Control. 3 Oct. 2006.
"Hookworm." Parasites and Health.Center for Disease Control. 29 Sept. 2006.