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THE PREFERENCE OF IV-LAUAN STUDENTS ON STEM CELL
AND CLONING
A Research paper
In partial fulfillment
Of the requirements in
Biotechnology
Submitted by:
Ma.Kathreena A. Bolusan
Aloina Girlie M. Meneses
Rein Coleen D. Manzano
Jenfei A. Agpalo
Micha Lei Calahi
Kimberly G. Borromeo
John Paul Concepcion
Presented to:
Mrs. Mary Jane Pilaspilas
Solano High School
S.Y 2013-2014
CHAPTER I
THE PREFERENCE OF IV-LAUAN STUDENTS ON STEM CELL
AND CLONING
I. RATIONALE
Cloning and Stem cells are expensive yet exclusive. Rich people and scientists mostly use this processes for
their health and or by producing the same copy of an organism, they want to experiment. Most countries such as
USA and other rich countries, allow stem cell therapy to cure undesirable diseases that medicines cannot do.
Cloning on the other side, is another term for identical twins, as scientists continue to research about cloning,
they can now create an exact genetic match of an animal but not as humans because cloning a human being is
not allowed and illegal, until now cloning a human being is questionable. But cloning has two types the
Reproductive cloning which used to clone animals and Therapeutic cloning which is used to preserve embryo in
blastocysts and separate or remove its stem cells.
The study aims bring more details to let people understand what is the purposed of cloning in addition, stem
cell. Discovering and exploring makes the contents more meaningful than only reading its definition but
defining the definitions and details.
II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study is made to find the percentage of students in the class of IV- Lauan who understand the cloning
and its two types which is related to animals and stem cells and its purposes, which related to undesirable
diseases. It is a research by means of survey.
Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:
1. What are the difference between stem cell research and cloning process with its two types?
2. What are the difference between Reproductive cloning and Therapeutic cloning?
3. How is Therapeutic cloning related to stem cell research and stem cell therapy?
III. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Since the study focuses in cloning and stem cells, researchers together with the animal welfare
organization may adapt the process of cloning to produce more endangered species. If countries where
cloning first known and permitted countries allow another country to adapt and teach the process, the
community also may derive full benefits from stem cell research because stem cells proven its effectively to
cure undesirable disease. However, it is not the center of the study because the center of the study is to let us
know how students understand cloning and stem cell. It is also for the researchers, animal welfare and
students to let them know the importance and purposes of cloning and stem cell research.
IV. HYPOTHESIS
Alternative: Most of the students prefer Reproductive cloning instead of Therapeutic cloning.
Null: Most of the students prefer Therapeutic cloning instead of Reproductive cloning.
V. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
Scope and Delimitations
This is a discussion of:
a) Stem Cell, Cloning and its two types, the Therapeutic and Reproductive.
b) The study does not cover the other parts of stem cell and cloning such as its purposes to other things
like molecular cloning and ethics of cloning.
The scope of the study in terms of:
- The study focuses on cloning and stem cells,which is written on the survey sheet to be
distributed to every student.
- 4:15 to 5:00 pm
- Classroom of 4th
year Lauan
- Students
VI. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
Cloning- is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in
nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually.
Stem cell- are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and
can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells.
Therapeutic cloning- Therapeutic cloning, however, is entirely different and does not involve the creation of
a perfectly copied human being. It is reproductive cloning that result in a copy of a specific human being. In
therapeutic cloning, no sperm fertilization is involved nor is there implantation into the uterus to create a
child.
Reproductive cloning- Reproductive cloning means making an identical copy of a person - creating a new
human being with the same DNA as an existing person. This is what people usually mean when they talk
about human clones.
Embryo- An embryo is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time
of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination. In humans, it is called an embryo until about eight
weeks after fertilization (i.e. ten weeks after the last menstrual period or LMP), and from then it is instead
called a fetus.
Blastocysts- The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals. In humans, its
formation begins 5 days after fertilization during the germinal stage of development. It possesses an inner
cell mass (ICM) which subsequently forms the embryo. The outer layers of cells of the blastocyst is called
the trophoblastic. This layer surrounds the inner cell mass and a fluid-filled cavity known as the blastocoel.
The trophoblastic gives rise to the placenta.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and
can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells. In 1908, the term "stem cell", used for scientific by
the Russian Histologist Alexander Maksimov (1874–1928) at congress of hematologic society in Berlin. In
1997, Leukemia is shown to originate from a hematopoietic stem cell, the first direct evidence for cancer stem
cells. James Thomson and coworkers (1998) derive the first human embryonic stem cell line at the University of
Wisconsin–Madison. Stem cells can also be taken from umbilical cord blood just after birth. Of all stem cell
types, autologous harvesting involves the least risk. By definition, autologous cells are obtained from one's own
body, just as one may bank his or her own blood for elective surgical procedures.
Cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs
in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning
in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell
cloning), or organisms. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital
media or software.
The term clone is derived from the Ancient Greek word κλών (klōn, “twig”), referring to the process
whereby a new plant can be created from a twig. In horticulture, the spelling clon was used until the twentieth
century; the final e came into use to indicate the vowel is a "long o" instead of a "short o".[1][2]
Since the term
entered the popular lexicon in a more general context, the spelling clone has been used exclusively.
In 1952, Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King had successfully cloned northern leopard frogs: thirty-five
complete embryos and twenty-seven tadpoles from one-hundred and four successful nuclear transfers. Marked
the first mammal being cloned (1984)was a sheep from early embryonic cells by Steen Willadsen. Megan and
Morag cloned from differentiated embryonic cells in June 1995 and Dolly the sheep from a somatic cell in
1996.December 28, 2006, FDA approved the human consumption of meat and other products on cloned animals
in the United States. Perspectives on human cloning are theoretical, as human therapeutic and reproductive
cloning are not commercially used; animals are currently cloned in laboratories and in livestock production.
Cloning, or more precisely, the reconstruction of functional DNA from extinct species has, for decades,
been a dream of some scientists. Current cloning techniques have an average success rate of less than 5 percent,
even when working with familiar species; cloning wild animals is usually less than 1 percent successful.The
possible implications of this were dramatized in the best-selling novel by Michael Crichton and high budget
Hollywood thriller Jurassic Park. Early hopes to save species through cloning have been dashed as the
difficulties of cloning any species have made progress very slow.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Materials
a) Survey sheets
b) Survey records
c) Pencil & eraser
d) Calculator
Procedures
a) In preparing survey sheets, the whole content to be answer where in only one coupon bond only and
after encoding, Xerox the copy.
b) For survey records, after the survey we must evaluate the survey sheets and record the data we collected.
c) Used pencil and eraser first before ball pen so that, if there are mistakes we can easily rewrite it.
d) Using calculator, after getting the total number of students in every questions, we must calculate the
percentage of students who answer in that number; it is based on the survey records.
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(Sheet A and B)
Figure 1 Bar graph on question no.1.
“Using reproductive cloning to clone person’s pet is okay.”
Figure 2 Pie Graph
22%
38% 9%
11%
20%
Pie Graph
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree Strongly Disagree
Bar Graph
Bar Graph 1
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 2.
“Using reproductive cloning to clone endangered or extinct species is okay”
Figure 2 Pie Graph
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Bar Graph
Bar Graph
60% 11%
7%
2%
20%
Pie Graph
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 3.
“Using reproductive cloning to clone people is okay”
Figure 2 Pie Graph
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Bar Graph
Bar Graph
2%
7%
22%
27%
42%
Pie Graph
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 4
“Using therapeutic cloning to clone an embryo in order to get embryonic stem cells to give to a person with
damaged tissue, organs, or a certain disease is okay”
Figure 2 Pie Graph
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Bar Graph
Bar Graph
36%
42%
9%
9% 4%
Pie Graph
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 5.
“Using therapeutic cloning to clone cells in order to study how diseased cells grow is okay”
Figure 2 Pie Graph
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Streongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Bar Graph
Bar Graph
47%
38%
11%
0%
4%
Pie Graph
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 6.
“Using adult stem cells to give to people with damaged tissue, organ, or a certain disease is okay”
Figure 2 Pie Graph
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Bar graph
Bar graph
20%
40% 9%
9%
22%
Pie Graph
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 7.
“Using embryonic stem cells from leftover embryos at IVF clinics in order to give to people with damaged
tissue, organs, or a certain disease is okay.”
Figure 2 Pie Graph
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Bar Graph
Bar Graph
24.44%
13.33%
22.22%
15.56%
24.44%
Pie Graph
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 8.
“The Government should give money to scientists for embryonic stem cell research”
Figure 2 Pie Graph
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Bar Graph
Bar Graph
28.29%
35.56%
8.89%
8.89%
17.78%
Pie Graph
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 9
“The Government should have laws regulating cloning and stem cells”
Figure 2 Pie Graph
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StonglyDisagree
Bar Graph
Bar Graph
60%
24.44%
11.11%
0% 4.44%
Pie Graph
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
(Sheet C and D)
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 1.
“Using reproductive cloning to clone pet is okay”
Figure 2 Bar Graph between Males and Females.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree Strongly Disagree
Entire Class
Entire Class
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree Strongly Disagree
Males vs. Females
Males
Females
Figure 3 Bar Graph between people with pets vs. people without pets.
Figure 4 Pie Graph
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
People with pets vs. People without pets
People with pets
people without pets
22%
38%
9%
11%
20%
Entire Class
Strongly agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 2
“Using reproductive cloning to clone endangered or extinct species is okay”
Figure 2 Bar graph between Males vs. Females.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Entire Class
Entire Class
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Males vs. Females
Males
Females
Figure 3 Bar Graph between people with pets vs. people without pets.
Figure 4 Pie Graph
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
People with pets vs. People without pets
People with pets
People without pets
60% 11%
7%
2%
20%
Entire Class
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 3.
“Using reproductive cloning to clone people is okay”
Figure 2 Bar graph between Males vs. Females.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Entire Class
Entire Class
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDiagree
Males vs. Females
Males
Female
Figure 3 Pie Graph
Figure 1 Bar graph on question no.4.
“Using therapeutic cloning to clone an embryo in order to get embryonic stem cells to give to a person with
damaged tissue, organ, or a certain disease is okay.”
2%
7%
22%
27%
42%
Entire Class
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Entire Class
Entire Class
Figure 2 Bar graph on Male vs. Female
Figure 3 Pie Graph
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
50.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Male vs. Female
Male
Female
36%
42%
9%
9% 4%
Entire Class
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Stongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no.5
“Using therapeutic cloning to clone cells in order to study how disease cells grow is okay”
Figure 2 Bar graph on Male vs. Female.
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Entire Class
Entire Class
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Male vs. Female
Male
Female
Figure 3 Pie Graph
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 6.
“Using Adult stem cell to give to people with damaged tissue, organ, or a certain disease is okay”.
47%
38%
11%
0% 4%
Entire Class Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Entire Class
Entire Class
20%
40%
9%
9%
22%
Entire Class
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 2 Bar graph on Male vs. Female
Figure 3 Pie Graph
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree Strongly Disagree
Males Vs. Females
Male
Female
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no.7
“Using embryonic stem cells from leftover embryos at IVF clinics in order to give to people with damage
tissues, organs, or a certain disease is okay”
Figure 2 Bar graph on Male vs. Female
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Entire Class
Entire Class
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Males vs. Females
Male
Female
Figure 3 Pie Graph
Figure 1 Bar Graph on question no. 8
“The government should give money to the scientists for embryonic stem cell research”
24.44%
13.33%
22.22%
15.56%
24.44%
Entire Class
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Entire Class
Entire Class
Figure 2 Bar graph on Males vs. Females
Figure 3 Pie graph
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
35.00%
40.00%
45.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree Strongly Disagree
Males vs. Females
Males
Females
28.29%
35.56%
8.89%
8.89%
17.18%
Entire Class
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Diagree
Strongly Disagree
Figure 1 Bar graph on question no.9
“The government should have laws regulating cloning and stem cell”
Figure 2 Bar graph on Males vs. Females
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree Strongly Disagree
Entire Class
Entire Class
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
Strongly Agree Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
Male vs. Female
Males
Females
Figure 3 Bar Graph on People with pets vs. People without pets.
Figure 4 Pie Graph
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
StronglyAgree
Agree Unsure Disagree StronglyDisagree
People with pets
People without pets
60%
24.44%
11.11%
0% 4.44%
Entire Class
Strongly Agree
Agree
Unsure
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Table of Contents Page Number
Acknowledgement ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
Dedication-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
Chapter I
Introduction (RATIONALE) ------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
Statement of the Problem ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
Significance of the Study ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Hypothesis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Scope and Limitations -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Definition of Terms ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature ------------------------------------------------------------------ 7
Chapter III
Methodology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Chapter IV
Results and Discussions ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
Chapter V
Summary and Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------------------- 10
Bibliography ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION
Summary
The purpose of the study is to know the total percentage of students who understand the stem cell and
cloning survey we conduct. The objective of the study is to know how many students who agree to perform the
study. First, we go to the assigned classroom for us to conduct the study and explain well to them the
importance and details of the study. Second, we gave a survey sheet to answer and to complete the methods or
steps, after we gather the information or survey sheets, we then, separate the survey sheets according to the
procedures on the Activity sheet. And at last we come up to a good result where in almost all of the students
prefer stem cell and cloning to help people with certain disease that medicines cannot cure.
Conclusion
According to the data we gather. We therefore conclude that almost all of the students prefer stem cell and
cloning to help people with certain disease rather than medicines that sometimes it is the cause of their death.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Author: Ian Murnaghan BSc (hons), MSc - Updated: 4 February 2014
www.explorestemcells.co.uk › Stem Cell Therapy
www.rsrevision.com/GCSE/.../reproductive_cloning/introduction.htm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blastocyst
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell
DEDICATION
This study is only a preference of one class of students on Stem cell and Cloning. To the Researchers
and students, this study, survey or preference can help you to understand the importance, purpose and details of
Stem cell and cloning. The study aims to help also the teachers, especially to the science and research teachers
because they can show to their students the examples of research papers. Researchers can also base their study
on the contents present on the research paper. They can also adapt and copy the format or the whole research
paper as long as they can finish on time. For others who don’t want to copy and want to discover and also
explore the study they can look the websites on the bibliography for faster gathering of information. You can
feel the success when you finish on time.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This preference of students shows the contributions of some information gathered personally and
gathered at websites wherein it completes the whole research paper. The completion of this research paper
includes the printing and compiling. The chapters and contents present in the research paper mostly from the
internet. In Chapter I wherein you can read the Rationale, the Rationale is composed of limited terms and
meanings of the study. The questions in the Statement of the Problem in Chapter I, can found the answers in the
Review of Related Literature wherein the short terms are now given deep words, sentences and paragraphs
where you will understand the things that bothered you also. In the Significance of the Study, shows the person,
community, organization or sometimes government who will be benefited from the study. In the hypothesis
shows the alternative and negative or what do we call null hypothesis about the study. Scope and Limitations, in
scope shows the cover of the study and in the limitation or delimitation is the study not present in the study. In
Defining terms it is okay if your definitions are as long as rationale because defining terms van also is done on
related literature. As we proceed in Chapter II, we will now know the important of the important details we
want to know. Then we can now proceed to Chapter III the Methodology, the methodology helps us to know the
steps or procedures or methods involved in conducting the study. In Chapter IV, it is the Result and Discussion,
this part is the stressful part because it takes time to finish especially if your study includes percentage and
comparison of percentage. Last, the Chapter V, the Summary and Conclusion, you can relieve in this part
because this part can be done in short paragraph. The Bibliography where the websites are stored, it is the best
part when you’re at the bibliography because you know it is the final part. You can feel the fulfillment and
success once you reach the final just like in marathon, you feel like you’re the champion when you reach the
finish line.
