Terminal Report

June 2010

Technical support Team’s Office, H.No. 12-13-373, 1st floor, Street No-18, Chakravarthuala Nilayam, Sadashiva Nagar Colony,

Tarnaka, Secunderabad-500 017, A.P. INDIA. Phone: +91-40-27014730, 27014936, Fax: +91-40-27014937.

Website: http://www.apfamgs.org E-mail: apfamgs@birdsorg.net

BIRDS Bharithi Integrated Rural Development Society

FAO-UN Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems Project (APFAMGS Project)

GCP/IND/175/NET

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents ii

Abbreviations and acronyms iv

1 Introduction

1.1 Background to the project 01

1.1.1 Groundwater development in Andhra Pradesh 01

1.1.2 Project area 03

1.1.3 Support of the government in project Implementation 05

1.1.4 Integration and coordination with on going government programmes 05

1.2 Outline of official arrangements 06

1.3 Objectives of the project 08

1.3.1 Overall Development Objective 08

2 Project Outputs and Supporting Processes

2.1 Project outputs 10

2.1.1 Hydro-meteorological monitoring network 10

2.1.2 Farmer data collection 10

2.1.3 Community Institutions 11

2.1.4 Gender Participation 12

2.1.5 Community-friendly communication 13

2.1.6 Farmer water schools (FWS) 14

2.1.7 Crop Water Budgeting Workshop 15

2.1.8 Reduction on Groundwater pumping 16

2.1.9 Artificial Groundwater Recharge 18

2.1.10 Farmer Data Management 19

2.1.11 GIS Data Sets and website 20

2.2 Supporting Processes 22

2.2.1 Influencing policies 22

2.2.2 Local Governance 22

2.2.3 Capacity Building of Government Departments 22

2.2.4 Information Dissemination 24

2.2.5 Establishing New Partnerships 25

3 Conclusions and Recommendations 26

3.1 Conclusions 26

3.2 Recommendations 27

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Annexes Annex 1 List of Partner NGOs associated with APFAMGS Project 30

Annex 2 List of PNGO Staff, per 31st August 2009 31

Annex 3 List of Hydro-meteorological Networks established under the project 32

Annex 4 List of equipment/material/assets transferred to HUNs 34

Annex 5 Data sets available per 31st August 2009 35

Annex 6 List of Registered Community Based Organizations (CBOs) 36

Annex 7 Gender balance in the project with reference to key indicators 38

Annex 8 Community Capacity Building activities implemented by the project 39

Annex 9 List of FWS graduates trained by the project 42

Annex 10 Crop Water Budgeting Workshops conducted during the project period 44

Annex 11 Schemes tapped by HUNs for efficient use of irrigation water 46

Annex 12 Area cropped under different crops during the project period 48

Annex 13 Groundwater draft during the project period 49

Annex 14 Static Water Levels in the project area during the project period 51

Annex 15 Results of Artificial Groundwater Recharge interventions of the project 53

Annex 16 Details of the revenue generated by HUNs on data sales and visitors 54

Annex 17 GIS data sets generated by the project 56

Annex 18 Foreign students/visitors to APFAMGS project 65

Annex 19 Capacity building activities conducted by project for agencies within India 66

Annex 20 Frequently Asked Question (Visitors) 69

Annex 21 Frequently Asked Question (Farmers) 70

Annex 22 Publications/presentations and other material produced by APFAMGS 71

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Abbreviations & Acronyms

ACIAR Australian Council for International Agriculture Research

AFPRO Action For Food Production

AGR Artificial Groundwater Recharge

ANGRAU Acharya N G Ranga Agriculture University

AP Andhra Pradesh

APFAMGS Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems Project

APSGWD Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater Department

APWAM Andhra Pradesh Water Management Project

APCBTMP Andhra Pradesh Community Based Tank Management Project

BIRDS Bharathi Integrated Rural Development Society

CBOs Community Based Institutions

CADA command area development authority

CARE Centre for Applied Research & Extension

CARVE Collective Activity for Rejuvenation of Village Arts and Environment

CGWB Central Ground Water Board

CHETHANA Network of Several NGOs

CRD Commissioner of Rural Development

CRIDA Central Research Institute for Dry land Agriculture

CWB Crop Water Budgeting

CWE Crop Water Economic

DA Document Assistant

DIPA Development Initiatives and People’s Action

DPD Deputy Project Director

DSGM Demand Side Groundwater Management

DWMA District Water Management Agency

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FAOIN Food and Agriculture Organization -INDIA

FAQ Frequently Asked Question

FFS Farmer Field Schools

HPR Half Yearly Progress

FWS Farmer Water Schools

GF Gender Facilitator

GFAR Global Forum on Agriculture Research

GMC Groundwater Management Committee

GIS Geographical Information System

GOI Government of India

Govt. Gouvernement

GVS Gram Vikas Samstha

GWD Groundwater Department

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HF Hydrological Facilitator

HRIS Habitation Resource Information System

HU Hydrologic Unit

HUN Hydrologic Unit Network

HMN Hydrological Monitoring Network

HMR Hydrological Monitoring Records

IAMWARM Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Resources Management

IDF Institutional Development Facilitator

IPM Integrated Pest Management

IWMI International Water Management Institute

MAR Managed Aquifer Recharge

MANAGE National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management

MoWR Ministry of Water Resources

MDO Mandal Development Office

MLA Member of the Legislative Assembly

NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

NEX Nationally Executed Projects

NFE Non Formal Education

NFEF Non Formal Education Facilitator

NGO Non Governmental Organization

NGRI National Geophysical Research Institute

OB Office Boy

OB wells Observation wells

PARTNER People’s Activity and Rural Technology Nurturing Ecological Rejuvenation

PHM Participatory Hydrological Monitoring

PNGO Partner NGO

PSC Project Steering Committee

RARS Regional Agriculture Research Stations

RNE Royal Netherlands Embassy

SAFE Society For Sustainable Agriculture And Forest Ecology

SAID Social Awareness for Integrated Development

SYA Star Youth Association

SWL Static Water Level

TOT Training of Trainers

TST Technical Support Team

VC Village Coordinator

Terminal Report 1

1. Introduction

1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT

1.1.1 Groundwater Development in Andhra Pradesh

Groundwater is a major source of irrigation meeting more than half of all the irrigation needs of the state

of Andhra Pradesh. There are more than 2.2 million wells (open dug wells, shallow infiltration wells, and

deeper bore-wells/tube wells)1. Groundwater is the premier source in the districts not supported by

extensive surface irrigation projects. In such areas, groundwater has come to be the critical input for

much of agriculture development. In the last two decades, Groundwater role specifically in agriculture

development and rural water supply requirements has increased manifold. The critical role played by

groundwater in the areas of food security, health, sanitation has not received the respect it deserves

while its contribution to generation of jobs in the agriculture sector, and its effective role in reducing

migration needs better valuation. Overall contribution of Groundwater to agriculture wealth creation

across the different social strata in Andhra Pradesh is by far more than the surface irrigation sources.

Large parts of the state are covered by hard-rocks where the aquifers are not extensive and controlled

by secondary openings that offer limited discharge. Localized extension of the aquifer combined with

limited yields has led to rapid growth in the number of bore wells in the state over the last three

decades. The current estimates of bore well depths for irrigation shows steady increase from 30m to over

90m and as much as 200m in some areas. While this period has seen a two-fold increase in the area

under groundwater irrigation, with very little public investment in groundwater management, the area

under surface irrigation has not increased over the same period despite substantial investments.

Groundwater development beyond sustainable limits is reported in the districts of Kadapa, Anantapur,

Chittoor, Kurnool, Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda, Prakasam, Ranga Reddy, Medak, Nizamabad, Karimnagar,

Warangal, Nellore and West Godavari. In all these, area contribution of groundwater to overall food

production is significant. Close to 50% of net irrigated area in Andhra Pradesh State is contributed from

the use of ground water.

Figure 1: Progress in groundwater and surface water irrigated area in Andhra Pradesh, 1978–2008

1 Overcoming Droughts, Adaptation Strategies for Andhra Pradesh, India, 2006 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank.

2                         Terminal Report  

Disproportionate increase in area under groundwater irrigation at a time when steep decline in areas

under canal and tank irrigation is witnessed, has led to stagnation in the net food production2.

Over exploitation of groundwater is leading to steep decline in groundwater levels and failure of wells in

39% of the micro-drainage basins in the state. The initiative of the state Government in altering this

situation is through an ambitious program referred to as “Jala Yagnam” which involves completion of 30

major and 18 medium irrigation projects at a cost of US$ 920 million, for creating an additional irrigation

in 3 million ha3. Provision of water from major irrigation projects is largely for areas that show no major

groundwater over pumping. Thus, large areas that show groundwater distress will continue to show

declines in groundwater levels and failure of wells. In spite of the construction of major projects more

farmers are investing in new wells, which is a cause for concern. The steady rise in the groundwater-

irrigated area is largely from private funds. The desire to acquire full control over the irrigation water will

only encourage further development of groundwater leading to a situation that would affect the overall

food production while significantly affecting the rural drinking water supply/sanitation and increasing the

vulnerability of several million farmers fully dependent on groundwater irrigation.

Steep decline in groundwater levels is a serious human development and economic issue that needs to

be addressed by all and not by technologists alone. Legislative interventions have serious shortcoming

because of the sheer number of groundwater users and policing all is impossible. The best option is

through building partnerships with the groundwater users. Recognizing the critical link between food

production and groundwater use Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems (APFAMGS)

project worked on evolving an alternative model that encourage active involvement of local communities

in data collection, capacity building and improved management of the available groundwater resources.

APFAMGS project is implemented by a network of Non Governmental Organization with the support of

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN).

The basic assumption around which APFAMGS is designed is that sustainable management of

groundwater is feasible only if groundwater users understand the nature of its occurrence and the

various parameters influencing the hydrologic cycle, which in turn will put them in a position to favorably

alter the cycle at the individual farm/community level. In order to achieve this, the project has adopted

an approach aimed at demystifying the science of groundwater by translating the scientific concepts of

hydrogeology and groundwater management and making them accessible to groundwater users with or

without literacy skills. The education is participatory and emphasizes non-formal modes of learning.

APFAMGS project initiated in 2004 has successfully demonstrated that through involvement of

community through improved knowledge, behavioral change can be brought about. Enlightened

communities adopt voluntary self-regulation, leading to reduced groundwater pumping and improved

water use efficiency. In seven drought-prone districts of Andhra Pradesh, thousands of farmers residing

in 638 habitations spread over several hundred kilometers are voluntarily taking number of steps to

reduce groundwater pumping, for tiding over problem of groundwater depletion. APFAMGS project is a

partnership with farmers for implementing Demand Side Groundwater Management (DSGM) concept.

2 Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater Department – Status of Groundwater in Andhra Pradesh, Presentation at the world Bank conference on Groundwater Management in India, New Delhi- April 2009 3 Government of Andhra Pradesh, Annual Report of Irrigation Department 2006.

Terminal Report 3

APFAMGS project by its design partners with NGO’s to mobilize the huge untapped potential of several

thousand individual groundwater users to access knowledge and skills to collectively improve

groundwater use efficiency and manage the crisis to the local groundwater system. The farmers

collective through field level innovations are able to reduce groundwater use while at the same time

generate increased wealth.

APFAMGS is a Nationally Executed (NEX) project through a network of NGOs, under the close support

and supervision of FAO India (FAOIN), New Delhi and technical backstopping of FAO Head Quarters (at

Rome). Bharathi Integrated Rural Development Society (BIRDS) signed the contract with FAO and acts

as the Nodal NGO for the project implementation.

Overall, administrative responsibility of the project is with the Nodal organization BIRDS. All funds from

the donor are received by the Nodal NGO and in turn are transferred to eight NGOs and Consultants

through an agreed work-plan. The NGO’s in turn release funds to the 58 registered farmer institutions

Hydrologic Unit Network (HUN) for implementing the program at the ground level. APFAMGS is probably

only project of its kind in enabling FAO funds to reach the hands of the community and use it on their

own for building local knowledge and capacities. Through such an effort, FAO has enabled not only better

management of groundwater resources but also addressed one of the main objectives of FAO- ensuring

improved food and nutrition security.

1.1.2 Project Area

APFAMGS project implementation spread over seven drought prone districts of Andhra Pradesh is

underlain by hard rock aquifers. The project area selection is guided by technical criteria related to areas

subjected to groundwater over-development as per the reports of Government of India4, Government of

Andhra Pradesh along with due consideration of socio economic status. The project accomplishment is in

638 habitations falling under 63 Hydrological Units. All the groundwater issues in the project operational

area are addressed under the institutional framework irrespective of economic status, caste, creed and

religion. While the project does not offer any incentives for participation in the program or for taking

tough decisions, the project partners with various government agencies for facilitating linkage with

various government schemes.

In the selection of project area, the focus is in identifying the right areas where the problem of

groundwater depletion and consequent impact on food production and over all agriculture is acute. The

project objective of empowerment of community with knowledge and skills to manage groundwater

distress requires the presence of very active village level organizations that have long experience in

dealing with the community.

To ensure sustainability and replicability of the project beyond the operational area, the focus is on

building/strengthening local institutions. The institutionalization of the project helps in decentralization,

encourages larger participation, increases local innovations and governance, reduces overheads and

enables larger reach.

4 Central Ground Water Board. 2006. Dynamic Groundwater Resources of India (as on March 2004). New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Water Resources.

4                         Terminal Report  

Capacity building is the focus, enabled largely through Farmer Water School (FWS), Farmer Field Schools

(FFS) and training activities. Use of Non Formal Education (NFE) Tools in the capacity building activities

enables demystification of science and easy understanding across the population. (The list of trainings

enclosed in Annexure 5)

Project implementation is through partnership with stakeholders. Hydrological data collection by farmer

volunteers across the project generates valuable data that has technical acceptability by researchers,

government officials and planners. The scientific community is now acknowledging the scientific value for

the farmer-collected data. The data is sold to number of research stations and funding agencies.

Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (PHM) and Crop Water Budgeting (CWB) are the two important

processes that helps guide the farmers to change their groundwater management practices. Village level

institution Groundwater Management Committee (GMC) and the Hydrologic Unit Network (HUN) level

institution that is a federation of GMC’s, help consider groundwater as a community resource and the

need to look beyond the self-centered benefits. The project has organized 638 GMC’s while 63 HUN’s

have been registered to take over data collection, analysis and management for ensuring sustainable

groundwater management.

Figure 2: Map showing the APFAMGS project operational area

Terminal Report 5

1.1.3 Support of Government in Project Implementation

FAO-APFAMGS project continues to receive pro-active support at the project implementation level from

various government agencies. The project has linkages with as many as 70 government programs at the

field level which helps in the mobilization of funds to the tune of 147 million rupees ( around 3 million

US$) for supporting field infrastructure related to groundwater, land, soil, pest and crop management. At

the program management and policy level, the project has close links with number of departments.

Government of India (GOI), Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR) is up-dated periodically on the various

activities and achievements at the project. MOWR has written to the various State Governments on the

success of APFAMGS project with an advice to replicate the methodology in the respective states for

capacity building and empowerment of community with knowledge and skills to manage ground water

distress.

Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) is planning to work in partnership with community in the areas of

Groundwater Management and related knowledge sharing on real-time basis with stakeholders. Towards

achieving this objective, it is keen to learn from FAO-APFAMGS experience of involving community in

data collection, analysis, interpretation, dissemination and decision-making.

Government of Andhra Pradesh Department of Rural Development has stated its support to HU concept

of APFAMGS by recommending this approach in the implementation of New Watershed Development

Projects. Rural Development department has invited APFAMGS to be part of its advisory board in the

design and implementation of watershed programs.

Department of Irrigation has identified the APFAMGS model of institution strengthening and capacity

building of community with new knowledge and skills in the implementation of its program Andhra

Pradesh Community Based Tank Management program in 21 districts of the state.

Government of Rajasthan has requested FAO to work in partnership with the State Government in

developing an action plan for community management of groundwater. Rajasthan State is enthusiastic

to implement the scheme across the state and is keen to send its officers and farmers to APFAMGS

project for training and exposure.

Government agencies from the state of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Orissa, and Rajasthan

continue to depute its officers and farmers to APFAMGS project for training on Community led

Groundwater Management.

1.1.4 Integration and Coordination With on Going Government Programs

APFAMGS project design offers scope for close linkages with various programs of Government of India

and Government of Andhra Pradesh with the aim to capture synergies in the implementation of

Community led Groundwater Management. As an outcome to this approach, APFAMGS regularly

interacts with various agencies including Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Central Research

Institute for Dry land Agriculture Research (CRIDA), National Geo-physical Research Institute (NGRI),

International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and participates in technical workshops, discussions

and programs.

At the State, level APFAMGS project has close working relationship with the Department of Rural

development, Department of Irrigation, Groundwater Department, and Acharya NG Ranga Agriculture

University (ANGRAU). The PNGO’s implementing the program has close linkages with all line

6                         Terminal Report  

departments in the operational areas and this has helped the program to tap resources from almost 70

programs. Researchers from Regional Agriculture Research Stations (RARS) act as resource persons to

the project and participate in the FWS, CWB Workshops and Farmer Scientist Workshops.

Representative from the various Government Departments are invited to the different project meetings

and workshops. APFAMGS project is recognized by the District and State Administration as a resource

agency and is invited to share its views and experience while designing/implementing new programs

and schemes.

Central Government funded program on Artificial Recharge of open Dug wells, National Rainfed Area

Authority’s Watershed Program, World Bank Funded Andhra Pradesh Community Tank Irrigation Project,

Maharashtra Jal Swarajya Project, Tamil Nadu Irrigation Project and Orissa Water Sector Program have

all availed of the experience of APFAMGS project in the capacity building, design and implementation of

their programs. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Ministry of Water Resources are in

continuous dialogue with FAO-APFAMGS for incorporating the learning’s from the project as well

integrating them in the policies.

Government of Andhra Pradesh has invited APFAMGS to join the Advisory Board of Watershed program

implementation. It has also recommended to the Government of India to make suitable amendments to

the national watershed program to incorporate the Hydrological Unit Concept in the program

implementation. Government of India has incorporated the same and the Latest Watershed guidelines -

2008 has adopted the Cluster approach that envisages broader vision of Hydro-geological units

comprising of several watersheds as contiguous units within a Hydrological Unit.5

1.2 Outline of Official Arrangements

Project GCP/IND/175/NET “Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater Systems” (APFAMGS) Project

was approved by FAO in 2004. Originally, the project was launched in July 2003, by Royal Netherlands

Embassy (RNE), New Delhi and provided the funds for the project implementation. In the year 2004, RNE

handed over the project to FAO for implementation using the Dutch funding. APFAMGS is a Nationally

Executed (NEX) partnership project between Bharatiya Integrated Rural Development Society (BIRDS)

and FAO. BIRDS implement the project in seven districts in Andhra Pradesh through a federation of 10

NGO’s (Annexure 1).

An agreement to this effect was signed between FAO and BIRDS during the second week of August 2004.

FAO approved the budget of INR 318,873,334 to implement the project in the seven districts of Andhra

Pradesh. The initial duration of the project was 4 years with a total budget of US$ 6,784,539. Through

two subsequent no-cost extensions, project duration was extended until August 2009.

APFAMGS project has successfully accomplished all commitments agreed upon in the Project Document6

and all the major activities in the project were completed by May 2009. The remaining period, until

August 2009, is used to prepare terminal report, Liaise with Government Agencies & International

Funding Agencies for incorporating APFAMGS methodology in their new project design. An orientation

workshop is conducted to PNGO leaders, staff and community to extend the concept of community

management of groundwater in the areas of adaptations to climate change.

5 Common Guidelines for Watershed Development Projects-Government of India-2008. 6 APFAMGS Project Document Annex 3 of Agreement between FAO-BIRDS- 2004

Terminal Report 7

APFAMGS project is implemented through this partnership between FAO, Nodal NGO-BIRDS, 10 Partner

NGO’s and 63 HUN’s. List of NGOs associated with APFAMGS Project is furnished as Annex 1. The

project reaches out to over Nine hundred thousand population forming part of Anantapur, Chittoor,

Kadapa Kurnool, Mahaboobnagar, Nalgonda and Prakasam districts in the State of Andhra Pradesh India.

NGOs are staffed with qualified and experienced technical and social work staff. Annex 2 furnishes the

list of PNGO staff, per 31st August 2009. The NGO’s in partnership with HUN’s have successfully tapped

farmer’s wisdom and capacities in controlling their own situation and reducing vulnerability to fast

spreading crisis of groundwater depletion and crop failures.

The Technical Support Team (TST) provides the technical expertise in the needed areas/sectors, helps in

capacity building, documentation, and dissemination and in establishing linkages with Governments and

Funding Agencies. World Education provides the support in all Non Formal Education components.

Project Steering Committee (PSC) guides the project implementation and reviews the overall project

execution from time to time. The steering committee comprise of members with proven experience

drawn from government departments, academic institutions, research centers, civil society

representatives, who advise the project on the different components of work as well promote the

project concepts in policy making bodies Six Project Steering committee meetings were conducted during

the project implementation.

8                         Terminal Report  

1.3 Objectives of the Project

The major objectives of the APFAMGS project are:

About 3,000 Men and Women farmers are in a position to understand groundwater systems within which

they are operating at about 650 habitations in Andhra Pradesh, in a scientific manner, by the year 2008.

Hydrological database, using GIS platform, is developed for usage of GMCs, covering 650 habitations, by

the year 2006.

About 6,500 farm families enabled for adoption of alternative agricultural practices suiting the availability

of groundwater, by the year 2008.

Community based institutions established for alternative management of groundwater resources with

equal representation/ participation of men and women, covering about 650 habitations, by the year

2008.

APFAMGS project is an enabling intervention for reinforcing the internal strength and coping mechanism

of farmers to explore and find out stable solution to the issues of ground water depletion and its adverse

consequences. The project implementation follows series of steps to make the invisible groundwater fully

visible in the form of knowledge by the farmers and thereby take appropriate actions. The various steps

include:

Strengthen local institutions at the habitation and hydrologic unit level to bring on center stage

discussions on emerging water crisis especially on groundwater Demystify the science of hydrology

through FWS and train the farmers to take over all data collection leading to proper understanding of

local water resource availability Change perception of groundwater from private property to that of a

“common good” (individual farmers take decisions for collective good) Articulate and share information

across hydrological units through CWB Workshops for evolving common strategies that limit damage

to the groundwater system without sacrificing individual interest Establish new relationship between

farmers and groundwater by reducing stress on the aquifer Adopt numerous steps at the farm level

in improving crop water efficiency, implement water saving techniques and reduce chemical pollution

Implement local groundwater governance transgressing beyond individual holdings and habitations,

without being coercive Enable farmers voluntarily take painful decisions (reduce pumping, prevent

construction of new wells, crop diversification, reduced application of chemical fertilizer/pesticides)

1.3.1 Overall Development Objective

The overall objective is to demonstrate an alternative strategy for managing groundwater distress using

the Demand Side Management approach focusing on strong people’s institutions and enhancing the

knowledge base of the community. Key strategy of the project is the knowledge based approach where

community members are encouraged to collect data on groundwater and cropping systems, builds on

their existing knowledge and develops reflective capacity to look through the aspects of improved crop

water use. The strategy is to use knowledge (both local and in public domain) as the main input (as

compared to technology/investment) to get a proper perspective for managing the groundwater decline.

APFAMGS experience shows that when knowledge levels are enhanced, enlightened communities act

united to make difficult choices willingly, for minimizing risks.

APFAMGS project strategy focuses in Developing the tools and methodology for adoption of project

learning’s by various governments and programs strengthen the capacity of institutions to implement the

program in the different parts of the world as well as in India.

Terminal Report 9

The project demonstrates that Institutional and technological innovations by community, adopting a

collective approach offers the best opportunity for managing groundwater distress as well as ensuring its

upkeep and thereby its sustainability. Knowledge led Demand Side Management of Groundwater

resource provides the best opportunity for engaging large population in minimizing the risks while

increasing the wealth generation capacity.

APFAMGS project has filled a vacuum in innovations in the groundwater sector by initiating a new model

that addresses the issue of reducing groundwater pumping by bringing in behavioral changes in the

users. This approach continually engages the users by providing skills, capacity and knowledge that go

to promote innovations for reducing the consumption as well as improving the performance efficiency.

10                         Terminal Report  

2. Project Outputs and Supporting Processes

2.1 PROJECT OUTPUTS

2.1.1 Hydro-Meteorological Network

The project has for the first time established Hydrological Monitoring Network (HMN) operated and

maintained by the community. The data collection network acquires data from several thousand stations

and makes available real time data to community for planning judicious use of available groundwater.

Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (PHM) by the community helps transform individual groundwater

users to water resource literates. Based on the data collection and analysis the farmers have a fair

understanding of the groundwater quantity that is available. APFAMGS project farmers make cropping

decisions based on fair understanding of the available groundwater for the ensuing cropping season.

2026 observation wells (one well for every square kilometer) are established across the project as part of

the network. Fortnightly water level monitoring is carried out by farmer volunteer’s (both women and

men farmers). 190 Rain-gauge stations (one for every 5 sq. km.) are part of the network established in

the lands donated by the farmers. Groundwater discharge measurements are also incorporated in the

network. Discharge measurements are carried out in 700 monitoring observation wells using the

calibrated drum method. The time taken to fill a known capacity of drum is measured using a stop clock.

Along with the discharge, the farmers also measure the drawdown. List of Hydro-metrological the

networks established under the project is furnished as Annex 3. All the equipment and infrastructure

developed as part of HMN is transferred to the respective HUN. Annex 4 gives details of equipment

transferred to HUNs.

2.1.2 Farmer Data Collection

Hydro-metrological network is fully operated by farmer volunteers who undergo training (4 modules) to

qualify and only successful candidates are eligible to become a PHM volunteer. The project provides

measuring tools like electrical water level indicator, stopwatch, measuring drums (which are shared by

number of volunteers).

Farmer collected data includes: daily rainfall, fortnightly water levels, fortnightly bore-well discharge and

daily stream-flows. Based on the established data of a particular station, the data is collected by the

farmer volunteers. Data sets available per August 31st 2009 are given in Annex 5. Seasonal groundwater

quality measurements are carried out from public drinking water wells. Volunteers maintain a logbook of

Hydrological Monitoring Records (HMR). The HMR data is also exhibited for public viewing on display

boards maintained at strategic locations in the Habitation.

Technical data collected by the community provide information on available groundwater balance in the

HU prior to the cropping season that helps guide decision making on crop plans. Such an approach has

helped farmers reduce the risks especially with high input crops, reduce losses, limit groundwater

extraction to safe limits, improve water use efficiency while generating more wealth.

Terminal Report 11

2.1.3 Community Institutions

Institutional Intervention is integrated with technical component for managing groundwater depletion. A

multi layer inclusive institution that is vertically integrated has been thought of in the project.

Groundwater Monitoring Committee (GMC) has been conceived to be a village level institution of the

farmers-men and women. Several GMCs within a given HU are grouped together to form a Hydrological

Unit Network (HUN).

The GMC, HUN are the critical instruments for providing the “demonstration effect” of the learning’s from

the project to the larger community of farmers beyond the project area. The institutions have equal

membership of men and women. These institutions have provided good opportunities for women to come

forward and lead in specific areas, while in many situations enabled men and women to come together

and take actions leading to good impact. Literacy has never been a criterion that determines

participation, particularly since the project emphasizes Non Formal Education (NFE) methods for every

aspect of implementation.

Over the years, all the HUNs have been provided with legal cover, which provides them the status to

receive funds as well as carry out business activities. Most of the people’s institutions continue to

perform their roles with distinction and have achieved varied levels of maturity, prompting the local

NGO’s to hand over major responsibilities to the people’s Institutions to run the program of curbing

overuse of groundwater. Annex 6 provides list of registered Community Based Institutions (CBOs).

12                         Terminal Report  

2.1.4 Gender Participation

The project has strong gender interface keeping the practical and strategic gender needs at the core.

Gender in the project, occupies a cross cutting space encompassing all the components and processes.

The project has approached to bridge the gender gap as well as help in establishing self-esteem and

confidence. Annex 7 shows the pie-charts showing the gender segregation in the project with respect to

key indicators.

The gender approach implies that attitudes, roles and responsibilities of men and women are taken into

account, that it is recognized that both sexes do not necessarily have same access to or control over

resources, that work benefit and impacts may be different for both groups. The gender approach in this

project created that open mindedness and aimed at the fullest participation of both women and men.

Women who are active partners in the project are married and are highly responsible in meeting both

basic as well as strategic needs. Gender sensitization helped men and women to understand their roles

and responsibilities and widen their thinking from routine assumptions. Support from men in women

participation is a great achievement in the project. The other influencing family members were also

sensitized through different gender modules that extend their support by assisting women to have space

and time to attend to common good things. Though the initiation was small, the starting point has been

crucial.

Non-literate women form major segment, through participatory trainings these women have been

enabled to understand technologies and face challenges. The education level is quite high from illiterate

to post graduation that also reflects that the project with its high technical component could equally

attract the attention of variety of women. The project addressed both practical gender needs, such as

improving women’s conditions through the provision of water and sanitation closer to their houses, as

Terminal Report 13

well as strategic gender needs: improving women’s position in society by increasing her awareness of her

situation and her capacity to take decisions and influence change.

2.1.5 Community-friendly communication

APFAMGS project has ensured that bulk of the project budget, is dedicated to education and building

community processes. The greatest strength of the APFAMGS project is to offer to the farmer’s

knowledge about their own water resources and how these can be managed, and the means to collect,

and analyze data related to its availability and distribution. The farmers themselves do the data

collection, management and analysis. The farmers have the freedom to decide how they want to use the

knowledge. No solutions are provided to them and they are encouraged to deliberate on the new

knowledge to innovate or adopt appropriate interventions that would help them improve crop water

efficiency, reduce wastages, contain groundwater level decline and minimize pollution of water sources.

Capacity enhancement and training is the foundation upon which the project has been built. Capacity

enhancement and training activities have been planned for the all the different components of the

project. These activities are timed in relation to the hydrological year. In addition, need based training is

also conducted. Formal and informal techniques are used as per the subject and target group. These

techniques include cultural shows, practical training, exposure visits, exchange visits and workshops.

Training is given in all aspect of implementation, to ensure that the activities fulfill the purpose and there

is as much uniformity as possible across the project.

14                         Terminal Report  

Community capacity building is the key project intervention aiming at empowering the community

members with required skills and knowledge in the field of hydrology, agriculture, gender and institution

management. Annex 8 lists the different types of capacity building activities implemented by the project.

At the community level, there are various levels and types of capacity enhancement activities, from

creating awareness in the community, to technical training related to recording rainfall, and measuring

draft from observation wells. Information and knowledge is imparted to the community through

awareness generation programs, using local folk art forms such as the kalajatha, which has emerged as

a powerful and effective medium of communication.

Another important tool successfully used in the project is the quarterly newsletter (Neella Mucheta)

brought out at the project level in local language. To ensure the slang and language clarity, farmers or

contributors are encouraged to write articles/success stories in their own slang. Additionally, the

newsletter is also used by the subject experts and project staff to communicate technical information on

Geology, groundwater systems, agriculture, irrigation and other relevant topics, from time to time.

Several farmers have contributed to the newsletter with their experience in associating with the project

through their success stories. Apart from the farming community, the newsletter also attracted the

attention of government officers who wait for issue of the next newsletter and keep inquiring with the

project staff.

An Audio cassette/CD is produced by the project to highlight the ills of overuse of groundwater and ways

and means of curbing the wastage. A very popular lyricist Mr. G. Venkanna (winner of two State Level

Awards) penned songs. These songs became very popular with the farming communities and used in

later folk shows.

2.1.6 Farmer Water School (FWS)

APFAMGS adopts the FWS approach to prepare the farmers to take charge of managing their ground

water. FWS is an adaptation from FFS and follows the non-formal and participative approach for

information sharing. FWS strategy adopted by APFAMGS project promotes group learning, improves the

skills and capacities of farmers and shares knowledge amongst the farmers.

The FWS creates a knowledge cycle (or knowledge value chain) in the community of farmers along with

the supporting institution for helping the farmers to apply it to their life situation. Much of the

knowledge shared in FWS is the accumulated experience of farmers and is second-hand which has been

made explicit, in the sense in public domain rather than residing in mind or as experience.

Under the FWS umbrella, all farmers meet once every 15 days through 300 water schools to learn about

sustainable management of groundwater at the local level. Based on the understanding the farmers

adopt suitable modification in their agricultural practices that can lead to significant reductions in

groundwater use and improved crop water efficiency.

In the FWS the transfer of information is through face-to-face communication using voice, body language

(socialization) supported by training aids. Much of the learning makes use of explicit knowledge into their

understanding of the world-view. Complementary to this form of learning is the field visits, short tem and

Long Term Experiments, field workshops and exhibitions of the models from the neighboring areas.

FWS went through its first academic session beginning June 2006 until May 2007. 10,000 farmers joined

the school from 635 habitations and over 70% of the farmers showed continued attendance through out

the year and is eligible to graduate. By May 2009, the project has successfully produced 19777

Terminal Report 15

graduates including 12315 men and 7462 women. Annex 9 gives the details of FWS graduates, trained

by the project.

FWS methodology provided the confidence to the farmers make information of the data collected, need

for collective action for effective groundwater management, sharpen the farmers’ abilities to make critical

and informed decisions on crop plans to match the available groundwater resources. FWS approach

helped farmers learn how to organize themselves for sustainable groundwater management.

FWS took upon itself the task to diagnose the different problems related to groundwater depletion, and

identified number of local solutions for arresting the groundwater decline, improving water use efficiency

and enhancing the returns from the cropping system. A great contribution of FWS has been that farmer

graduates have taken the learning’s to their farm and applied the new knowledge in changing the

conventional management of groundwater to improving water use efficiency.

2.1.7 Crop Water Budgeting Workshop

The over arching theme of the project is to help community collect all relevant data to assess the

ground water balance, to help guide in crop planning. CWB workshop provides a platform for farmers

to collectively estimate the water balance at the Hydrological Unit Level. Based on the estimation farmers

project the most appropriate crop plans and thereby control groundwater over-exploitation. While CWB

helps project the safe limits of groundwater development the project does not advise on the choice of

crops. The project respects the farmer’s traditional knowledge and understands that the farmer has

enough knowledge to be able to take relevant decisions. Annex 10 provides year-wise conduct of CWB

workshops, in the project level.

16                         Terminal Report  

CWB workshops could help clearly define the potential risks when taking up water intensive crops as well

as Identify opportunities for water savings and improving crop water efficiency. CWB workshops helped

provided a platform for linkages with government departments for tapping schemes supporting water

savings. Analysis of CWB results (Annex 11) indicates that in majority of the project areas, CWB have

succeeded in establishing a clear correlation between groundwater availability and crop plans. Risks

associated with idealistic crop planning have been completely reduced.

CWB is seen as a path-breaking initiative by the project that has led to training of communities (men

and women) in technical data collection while help develop individual Farmer Level Crop Plans spread

over 638 habitations federated under 63 Hydrological Units in 7 districts of Andhra Pradesh. Today

based on the CWB, intelligent decisions are taken on the cropping systems without sacrificing on the

economic returns. Significant outputs include Crop diversification from the earlier 14 to 42 crops, altered

the mono crop approach to integrated farming system, and promoted adoption of number of water

saving technique contributing to improved crop water efficiency. Annex 12 lists cropped area under

different crops over the life of the project period.

2.1.8 Reduction in Groundwater Pumping

The project has succeeded in beginning to build a link between water availability and water use for

agriculture. The core message of the project, that groundwater abstraction over the long term needs to

be aligned with water availability, is taking hold. This is suggested by the emerging positive correlation

between water availability and water use in a number of HU’s. In the years when water availability is low

at the beginning of the Rabi season (either due to low rainfall and consequently low recharge, or due to

high groundwater abstractions in the kharif season decreasing availability for the Rabi season),

groundwater use is reduced in these aquifers. This dynamic is counter to the normal behavior whereby

water availability in the aquifers is not a factor influencing groundwater use, and aquifer depletion often

worsens in drier years. This path-breaking achievement is beginning to emerge in a number of HU under

Terminal Report 17

the project, and is likely to result from the impact of groundwater availability information on farmer

decision making, as agriculture accounts for the largest fraction of groundwater withdrawals.

The reductions in water use in these areas are achieved by a combination of crop diversification and

water-saving irrigation methods. Across the project area under high-water-use crops (crops with more

than 800 millimeters water requirement), is reported. In contrast, the total area under rabi paddy in

Andhra Pradesh continued to follow an upward trend, increasing by 5% around the same period.

It is important to note that farmers have not sacrificed profitability to reduce water use. Independent

evaluation of the APFAMGS project by World Bank7 revealed that project area farmers have consistently

improved their profitability, with the net value of outputs nearly doubling during the project period, with

lower and more inconsistent results in similar non-project areas (Table 1).

Net value of outputs per acre (rupees, current year prices) Hydrological unit/type of area

2008 2004 % change

Project areas: field crops

Chandrasagar 16,838 8,987 87.35

Mallapavagu 9,884 5,835 69.39

Nakillavagu 13,339 6,301 111.72

Narsireeddypallyvagu 11,208 8,378 33.78

Erravagu 7,042 5,317 32.43

Peetheruvagu 7,583 7,124 6.44

Vajralavanka 18,051 9,420 91.62

Non project areas: field crops

Nonproject areas near Chandrasagar 4,348 6,415 –32.22

Nonproject areas near Mallapavagu 3,491 2,605 34.01

Nonproject areas near Peetheruvagu 2,500 5,173 –51.67

7 World Bank unpublished report “Deep Wells and Prudence: Towards Pragmatic Action for Addressing Groundwater Overexploitation in India”. http://www.apfamgs.org/upload/PDF/world_bank_rep.pdf

18                         Terminal Report  

In terms of cumulative water abstractions, 42 percent of the hydrological units have consistently reduced

the Rabi draft over the three years of project operation, while 51 percent have reduced the draft

intermittently, and only 7 percent have witnessed an increase in groundwater draft during the project

period (See Annex 13). This impact is unprecedented, in terms of reductions actually being realized in

groundwater draft, and in terms of the geographic extent of this impact, covering aquifers that are

completely disconnected spread over several hundreds of communities.

Reduction in groundwater abstraction has been largely because of adoption of number of water saving

technique contributing to improved crop water efficiency. Significant reduction in groundwater use is

seen in sugarcane, sweet orange Tomatoes, Black gram, Rice Gingili, groundnut, and sunflower.

Adoption various water savings devises like drip, sprinklers and techniques like ridge & furrow check

basin, and alternate furrow supported by Vermi-compost, mulch could effectively improve the soil

moisture availability and help reduce irrigation.

The net effect of natural groundwater recharge conditions and demand side management of groundwater

is indicated by the trend of static water level (SWL) in the monitoring wells. Annex 14 shows the SWLs

on three key days of recording (May 15th, August 15th and November 15th). It is very clear that SWLs are

maintained more of less till the last season, across the project area. The decline in SWLs this season is

due to drought conditions (a rainfall deficit of 57% is reported for the entire state).

World Bank evaluation considers that APFAMGS as the first global example of large-scale success in

groundwater management by communities only through empowerment with new knowledge without any

incentives.

2.1.9 Artificial Groundwater Recharge

APFAMGS project while prioritizing on Demand Side Management has also successfully demonstrated a

systematic methodology on supply side augmentation through Artificial Groundwater Recharge (AGR)

structures essentially for favorably altering the groundwater balance. AGR is seen as an appropriate

intervention in HU subjected to over exploitation. The strategy is to trap the flash floods in the

abandoned open wells/bore wells or behind a small percolation pond/check-dam for recharging the

aquifers. This approach has another major goal of unlocking the non-productive investments caught up

in failed open wells. The methodology adopted looks at altering the groundwater recharge at the HUN

level from the existing level to significantly higher levels. The aquifers are used to store peak flows

generated during storms for reducing the disparity between existing demand and potential recharge.

AGR have been successfully demonstrated across the project area through a mix of structures such as

open well recharge, tank induced recharge, artificial injection of runoff generated from peak storms at

favorable locations8. Annex 15 lists the AGR interventions of APFAMGS and the results thereof. APFAMGS

approach to improved recharge is recognized as the appropriate model for replication for a national level

program on “Artificial Groundwater Recharge Using Open Dug wells”.

8 APFAMGS Publication-8. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Report Aug, 2006

Terminal Report 19

2.1.10 Data Management

The hydrological data collected by farmers and recorded in the logbooks and Village Boards is stored in

computerized database referred to as “Habitation Resource Information System” (HRIS) at the NGO

level. HRIS stores data of individual farmers that can be queried at habitation and Hydrologic Unit level.

HRIS database of Different HU’s is integrated at NGO level. HRIS has helped organize the farmer-

collected data in a computerized format that is available for sharing with the scientific community as well

as planners.

Project level data storage is organized in dedicated software developed by the project. The data is

organized HU wise. Integration of data from several HU’s is an option available to the users. The

database structure facilitates viewing of all time series data as graphs for checking data consistency as

well compare with neighboring data sets. The data is accessed by various national and international

agencies. The data is priced for commercial users.

Data Products Catalogue9 is published annually for sharing the information on meta-data with the data

users. Farmers have successfully sold the data to number of Research Institutes, Academic Researchers

and World Bank.

Annex 16 furnishes details of the revenue generated by HUNs in the project life through sales of data and

charging the visitors.

9 Data Products Catalogue-APFAMGS Publication on Meta Data

20                         Terminal Report  

2.1.11 GIS Data Sets and Website

“Demystification of science for sustainable development” is the official slogan of APGAMGS Project. As

part of this slogan the project made use of technologies including Geographic Information System (GIS)

and Website operations for easy viewing by rural communities as well as other agencies. The focus is in

making GIS available to the community for accessing information about individual and shared resources

without external facilitators. With new insight on their resources in both space and time, it is expected

that tough decision making with regard to natural resources and particularly in crop planning matching

the water resource availability becomes possible. Use of GIS by communities helps avoid resource-

related conflicts as they build consensus on their availability.

In addition to the farmer collected data and secondary data, the project has developed six spatial layers

(see Annex 17) have been developed for the entire project area. Satellite Imageries are procured for

three time periods and land use changes assessed. Cropping changes adopted by the farmers over the

years for improving crop water use efficiency are captured at individual farmer level.

Communities access GIS data through “Information Kiosk”. The kiosk integrates GIS technology with

Remote Sensing, Internet and basic computations. Seven GIS themes have been created for all the HUs.

Use of satellite imageries for the same geographical area has enabled integration of remotely sensed

imageries with GIS maps. Integration of such themes has helped in updating various features as well as

for generating thematic maps. Integrated maps of GIS have helped track crop changes adopted by the

farmers over the project period.

Terminal Report 21

Information Kiosk10 has been designed by the project to help Farmers access and interact with the

computerized database. Information Kiosk provides a medium to view the data collected by different

farmers over a regional area in the form of GIS maps, graphs and charts. The kiosk also helps answer

queries related to impact of hypothetical crop changes (“what-if” scenarios) on the entire drainage

system.

The Information Kiosk is a totally screen driven (touch screen) facility with large icons displaying limited

but focused data, supported by graphics and animations. The language is local with very simple and

intuitive navigation paths. The hardware is typically a standard configuration, not generally visible to the

users. The Kiosk carries out basic computations to answer various queries raised by the farmers and

displays the results as animations, graphics and charts, which the users can understand and appreciate.

Project Web site http://www.apfamgs.org is an in-house product providing complete information on the

project and places on the public domain all publications. Data products catalogue are prepared and

uploaded on the web site for providing information to government and other users.

10 Poster on Information Kiosk made at CGIAR conference 2009 in Wageningen was awarded the first prize.

22                         Terminal Report  

2.2 SUPPORTING PROCESSES

2.2.1 Influencing Policies

APFAMGS project has made modest but significant in-roads into the policy arena in the area of

groundwater management. Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR), Government of India (GoI) has

recognized the need for community partnerships and participation for generation of real time data at

micro-level and its dissemination for better groundwater governance at local administrative level on a

scientific basis”. FAO-APFAMGS Project feels that this is a welcome move and this is an outcome of

continued lobbying with Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and MOWR11. This move towards micro

basin level data gathering will help in updating the groundwater balance estimates annually as well as

give larger role for community participation in data gathering.

Government of Andhra Pradesh has already incorporated APFAMGS project methodology in the Andhra

Pradesh Community Based Tank Management Program12 with greater participation of community in data

gathering.

Empowerment of community with knowledge and skills is slowly being recognized as a viable option for

managing groundwater decline as against policing by the government, which has been almost impossible

to monitor and penalize the defaulters.

2.2.2 Local Governance

Evaluation of project data collected over 4 years indicate that in a majority of the Hydrological Units

where the project is being implemented the project has succeeded in establishing a parallel between

groundwater availability and groundwater use for agriculture. This dynamics is contrary to the the

normal behavior, when serious aquifer depletion is expected during bad monsoon years. Local

groundwater governance has helped achieve this balance.

Groundwater users as a group are looking at improved optimization of existing wells before constructing

new ones. This has led to a situation where rate of drilling of new wells has declined considerably and is

far below the state/district average. Risks associated with new investments on wells, pumps and

pipelines have led to near stagnation in energy demand as compared to the other areas of the state. All

the farmers without exception practice crop diversification and water-saving irrigation methods.

Substantial reduction in the area under high-water-use crops (crops with more than 800 millimeters

water requirement) is witnessed without affecting food and nutrition security. The cumulative changes by

crop in the total project area are fully in contrast, the total area under Rabi paddy in Andhra Pradesh

where it is continuing to follow an upward trend an increase of almost 5%.

2.2.3 Capacity Building of External Agencies by the Project

APFAMGS is continuously involved in the capacity building of external agencies including government

department officials by conducting dedicated training programs to the officials and community leaders on

Demand Side Groundwater Management.

The International Learning Workshop on community led groundwater management was organized to

participants from 16 countries. The training was aimed at acquainting the participants with the

11 Central groundwater Board note on Knowledge base http://cgwb.gov.in/KnowledgeBase.htm 12 Project Document Andhra Pradesh Community Based Tank Management http://www.apmitanks.in/apply.asp

Terminal Report 23

experiences in these aspects and highlighting the processes by which users can manage and regulate

their own demands for groundwater. It provided the participants an opportunity to interact at great

length with practicing farmers who have been monitoring and managing their groundwater resources

successfully for the last four years under the aegis of the FAO supported Andhra Pradesh Farmer

Managed Groundwater Systems Project (APFAMGS).

Additionally, some students/researchers also visited the project to study and publish their works. Annex

18 provides details of foreign visitors to the project.

Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater Department (APSGWD) deputed 25 officers from all over the state,

for training on Demand Side Groundwater Management at Muthyalapadu from 10-12th Dec 2008. The

participants were drawn from the entire state. Following the training, the government is preparing

adopting the APFAMGS concept in its work plan.

Government of Maharashtra - Water Supply & Sanitation Department, Jalswarajya Project, officers and

community leaders were trained on the concept of Demand Side Groundwater Management. The training

was carried out at BIRDS International Learning Centre Muthyalapadu, Chagalamarri Mandal, and

Kurnool District (A.P) on 25th and 26th followed by one day at Hyderabad on 28 Feb 2009.

The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Resources Management (IAMWARM) project involved

with irrigated agriculture modernization and integrated water resources management to improve the

productivity of water in Tamil Nadu sent 32 Engineers for training on Demand Side Water Management

from 16th to 18 February 2009. The training was conducted in Horsley Hills near Madanapalli, Chittoor

District, Andhra Pradesh by Gram Vikas Samastha (Partner NGO) implementing the APFAMGS project.

24                         Terminal Report  

Request for training programs and field exposures have been received from the Ministry of water

Resources, Govt. of India, State of Gujarat, Rajasthan and NGO’s. It is expected that in the coming days

the State and Central agencies would create the enabling environment for ensuring that community-

based initiatives receive the support for smooth functioning of local institutions, build capacities through

Non Formal Schools, take on the lessons of learning’s to implement sustainable approaches for resource

management.

Annex 19 furnishes full details of capacity building activities carried out by the project for the agencies in

the country. Annex 20 lists some Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) by the visitors to the project, while

Annex 21 furnishes FAQs posed to the project staff by the farmers.

2.2.4 Information Dissemination

APFAMGS approach of community involvement has attracted the attention of number of national and

international agencies. Invitation was extended to make presentation to the Parliamentary Forum for

Water on the methodology and achievements of APFAMGS project. The presentation was for an hour and

the discussion thereafter. The parliamentary forum on water has distinguished parliamentarians who

have handled the subject over the years. Based on the presentation enquiries are coming from State

Governments of Bihar and Gujarat.

His Excellency Dr.BOB HIENCH the Netherlands Ambassador to India visited the exhibition where

APFAMGS had put up stall as part of AP-Netherlands Bio Technology Foundation. Hans Wolff, Agricultural

Consultant and Theo. J.J. Groothuizen, Counselor, Head of Science and Technology Department from the

Embassy of Kingdom of Netherlands also visited the stall independently. Rural Farmers manned the stall

to explain to the visitors on the project activities and its impact in reducing groundwater distress. The

Terminal Report 25

Ambassador got to see the demonstration of rural farmers measuring the groundwater levels, rainfall as

well as a working model on the hydrologic cycle. The impact of the project in upgrading the skills of

farmers through FWS and De-mystification of science and Technology was well appreciated.

Totally, 28 reports were prepared including half yearly and Annual Plan and Budget. The Project has

brought out 16 books which garnered visibility at a national and international level. Representatives from

the project participated in National and International workshops and presented Project related papers. 12

Papers have been prepared and presented. Jalachakram (Hydrological Cycle) audio was prepared on

Project activities to disseminate the concept to faming community. The Audio CDs were circulated to the

farming community. Nine Video films were prepared on Project activities with the guidance of Project

Leader, Subject experts and PNGO’s. Poster on “Rural Information Kiosk” sent by FAO-APFAMGS has

been chosen as the winner of the Science Forum 2009 Poster Competition on the theme “ICTs: Enabling

Agricultural Science to Be a Social Endeavour” and of GFAR Sponsorship to participate in the Science

Forum 2009 to be held at Wageningen, The Netherlands on 16 and 17 June 2009.

A season long Training of Trainers (TOT) on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was conducted in 2005.

During the training period, TOT-FFS news letter was prepared by the participants. They shared their

experiences during training and disseminated best practices on IPM to other farming community and

other Govt and NGO organizations. Totally, 13 FFS news letters were circulated

List of publications/presentations is furnished as Annex 22.

2.2.5 Establishing New Partnerships

APFAMGS project has been approached by Australian Council for International Agriculture Research

(ACIAR) to participate in the implementation of two of its projects in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The

projects are

Impacts of meso-scale Watershed Development in Andhra Pradesh (India) and comparative catchments

in Australia (ACIAR Project: LWR/2006/072) Building capacity of farming communities in Cambodia,

Laos, Bangladesh and India to adapt to climate change Training Workshop of Maharashtra State Officers

on Demand Side Groundwater Management (DSGM) FAO-APFAMGS project was in the process of

establishing partnership with The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Resources Management

(IAMWARM) project in Tamil Nadu for enabling farmers from APFAMGS project to disseminate their

learning’s for farmers from Tamil Nadu.

26                         Terminal Report  

3 Conclusions and Recommendations

The lessons emerging from the APFAMGS experience of knowledge based community management of

groundwater lead to some key conclusions and recommendations.

3.1 Conclusions

Farmer’s interests in groundwater management are linked to managing the production and livelihood

risk. Farmers may have little interest in water conservation for its own sake.

A focus on groundwater management alone is not sufficient. A package of measures to reduce the

agricultural production risks have to be offered, linking groundwater use to sustainable crop production

and the mitigation of pollution. Arguably, the project achieved water use reductions precisely because it

avoided explicit negotiation of groundwater allocation.

The active projection of well researched hydrological, agronomic and environmental information into

groundwater user communities can leverage autonomous shifts in agronomic practice and land use

planning that reduce environmental pressures and raise productivity.

Cost reduction on external input costs is achieved through a variety of methods such as: reducing the

irrigation water demand, changing cropping patterns, irrigation techniques, and soil moisture

conservation. This not only lead to improved water productivity but also resulted in good returns on the

farm product. Thus, it is clear that sustainable groundwater management need not come at the price of

sacrificing gain in agricultural incomes.

Making visible the otherwise invisible resource of groundwater is a prerequisite for building up a

collective action. Demystifying relevant sections of science, using non-formal techniques, have effectively

created a popular science movement encompassing multiple dimensions of water use and agriculture.

The focus on farmer engagement in generating and sharing knowledge on local resources is the key to

instill a sense of pride and possessiveness of the scientific knowledge, which earlier was restricted to the

realm of research institutes. This is in stark contrast with most of other natural resource management

initiatives, wherein a majority of resources and efforts are concentrated on supporting physical works

and on incentives such as subsidies for water-saving irrigation techniques. For community management

efforts to succeed, it is clear that information, education, and social mobilization need to be recognized

as core objectives.

The bottom-up approaches stemming from on-the-ground community action can be complemented by

top-down measures that can create an enabling environment at the local level. Examples of possible

policy measures that are pragmatic and can strengthen community groundwater management include

endorsement of community groundwater management institutions, and improving institutional

coordination amongst the various panchayati raj institutions dealing with different aspects of water

resources at the village level.

The successful experiences of community-based groundwater management owe much to their design

being particularly suited to the physical settings of groundwater use i.e., recharge and emptying

dynamics of hard-rock aquifers, which cover approximately two-thirds of India’s aquifer settings. While

APFAMGS could provide a model for other hard-rock settings, it is not likely to work in geographically

vast alluvial aquifers with significantly larger storage.

Terminal Report 27

The success is also because of the socio-economic set-up Andhra Pradesh, which boasts of committed

social networks at the grass-roots and a strong history of progressive social change in rural areas. It is

probable that the APFAMGS model would be significantly challenged in settings with different social

dynamics (for example, lower social capital or larger asymmetries in user populations).

Finally, it needs to be noted that the lessons emerging from the Andhra Pradesh experiments with

community-based groundwater management are preliminary, and there is no hindsight to assess the

long-term sustainability of the results achieved. Therefore, the available models of community

groundwater management would need careful and innovative piloting before they can be replicated and

scale interventions become possible.

3.2 Recommendations

The APFAMGS model is ready for replication. With an ever-increasing number of aquifers facing

overexploitation, various government agencies see the need for exploring new approaches in managing

groundwater decline. Absences of credible successful models on groundwater management have forced

the agencies to look for successful approaches. APFAMGS project has demonstrated the success of

community management of Groundwater. Central, State Government Agencies and International Donors

have been a witness to the success. Empowerment of communities through knowledge, capacity and

skills is seen as a necessity. Number of initiatives is in advanced stages of discussions for replicating the

model in different hydro-geological and socio-economic settings and needs to be adopted.

State agencies need to have a much sharper appreciation of how to nurture and sustain people’s

institutions for managing water resources. Under the Indian Constitution, States have the primary

responsibility for managing and ensuring the sustainability of groundwater resources. In addition to their

constitutional mandate, state agencies have an advantage in promoting groundwater management on

the ground. They are in a better position to facilitate cross-sectoral coordination of groundwater

resources at the most critical (state) level, promote government–stakeholder interaction (especially

considering that most state government departments have operational offices at district level, where

many of the local management measures will need to be taken), design groundwater management

approaches specific to the typologies and user needs of local aquifers.

An alternative model for groundwater legislation needs to be rolled out: The existing instruments for

controlling abstraction of groundwater through direct regulation have not halted the proliferation of

boreholes. The lack of resources for policing and absence of substantial support for penalizing the

defaulters have made a direct regulatory approach impossible to implement. The APFAMGS experience

suggests that there is a viable option for voluntary regulation by the stake holders themselves. This

needs to be driven through improved understanding of their aquifer systems and demonstrations of the

positive impacts of improved natural resource management on livelihoods.

Policies to support community-based groundwater management will be essential. State governments can

take policy action to facilitate formation of local groundwater user institutions and to ensure institutional

coordination amongst different water- and groundwater-related departments at the level of individual

aquifers.

Specific models that are recommended for ready replication are:

1) Hydrological Unit (HU) as unit of intervention and building community based institutions is replicable

in dry land areas, supported by groundwater irrigation. Even in case of large alluvial aquifers, the

28                         Terminal Report  

unit of intervention can be delineated through mapping of aquifer system and defining the

boundaries of the aquifer, thereby building the community based institutions at aquifer level.

2) Participatory Hydrological Monitoring in case of APFAMGS was limited only to those scientific and

socio-economic parameters that control the usage of groundwater resource. Notwithstanding with

this limitation, one can redesign the set of parameters to suite to their requirement. The bottom line

is empowering communities with skills and knowledge to collect, collate, understand implications of

their present actions and triggering discussions on possible options before taking action at the farm

level.

3) Crop Water Budgeting (CWB) at the beginning of Rabi season is crucial in case of groundwater

farmers as it is observed that the pumping reaches its peak due to little or no rainfall during that

cropping season. However, with necessary changes in the methodology, the concept of CWB is

replicable even in command areas.

4) Farmer Water Schools proved to be a powerful tool due to its approach of experiential learning cycle.

This tool is useful for educating and empowering communities with the knowledge and skills, on any

topic.

5) Rural Folk Art played a major role in generating awareness among the community at large, on key

concepts of groundwater management. This form of communication is the most powerful and

efficient, apart from being near to hearts of the people. Thus, usage of rural folk are is recommended

for any kind of developmental activity not only to ensure transparency but also to enlist willful

participation of communities in the intended program.

Terminal Report 29

List of Annexes

Annex 1 List of Partner NGOs associated with APFAMGS Project 30

Annex 2 List of PNGO Staff, per 31st August 2009 31

Annex 3 List of Hydro-meteorological Networks established under the project 32

Annex 4 List of equipment/material/assets transferred to HUNs 34

Annex 5 Data sets available per 31st August 2009 35

Annex 6 List of Registered Community Based Organizations (CBOs) 36

Annex 7 Gender balance in the project with reference to key indicators 38

Annex 8 Community Capacity Building activities implemented by the project 39

Annex 9 List of FWS graduates trained by the project 42

Annex 10 Crop Water Budgeting Workshops conducted during the project period 44

Annex 11 Schemes tapped by HUNs for efficient use of irrigation water 46

Annex 12 Area cropped under different crops during the project period 48

Annex 13 Groundwater draft during the project period 49

Annex 14 Static Water Levels in the project area during the project period 51

Annex 15 Results of Artificial Groundwater Recharge interventions of the project 53

Annex 16 Details of the revenue generated by HUNs on data sales and visitors 54

Annex 17 GIS data sets generated by the project 56

Annex 18 Foreign students/visitors to APFAMGS project 65

Annex 19 Capacity building activities conducted by project for agencies within India 66

Annex 20 Frequently Asked Question (Visitors) 69

Annex 21 Frequently Asked Question (Farmers) 70

Annex 22 Publications/presentations and other material produced by APFAMGS 71

30                         Terminal Report  

Annex 1: List of Partner NGOs associated with APFAMGS Project

S.N. Name ACRONYM STATION DISTRICT

1. Bharathi Integrated Rural

Development Society BIRDS Allagadda Kurnool

2. Centre of Applied Research and

Extension CARE Achampet Mahboobnagar

3. Collective Activity for Rejuvenation of

Village Arts and Environment CARVE Markapur Prakasam

4. Development Initiatives and People’s

Action DIPA Giddalur

Prakasam

5. Gram Vikas Samstha GVS Madanapalle Chittoor

6.

People’s Activity and Rural

Technology Nurturing Ecological

Rejuvenation

PARTNER Porumamilla Cuddapah

7. Society For Sustainable Agriculture

And Forest Ecology SAFE Cumbhum Prakasam

8. Social Awareness for Integrated

Development SAID Miryalaguda Nalgonda

9. Star Youth Association SYA Gooty Anantapur

Terminal Report 31

Annex 2: List of PNGO Staff, per 31st August 2009

PNGO BIRDS CARE CARVE DIPA

Secretary Mr. V. Paulraja Rao

Dr. T.N. Reddy Mr. G. Ravindra Kumar Mr. B. Yesudas

HF G. Nagaraju L.S. Goud B. Umamaheshwara Rao S. Hussain

GF K. Bhagyamma

IDF G. Dhanamjaya Rao

NFE V.G.N. Jaya Prada C.H. Sriramulu

Naidu

VC1 K. Nagaraju V. Varda Reddy P. Daya Raj N.Laxmaiah

VC2 P. Raju M.V.Reddy S. Sailaja K. Bhaskar

VC3 O.Sampat Kumar G. Ramanamma G.Elizabeth Rani P.Shantha

Kumari

DA M.Annamma M.Srinivas O.V.Suresh K. Muni Prasad

OB M. Chinna

Gurappa A. Sujatha S.K. Babu Ali

P. Chandra

Sekhar

PNGO GVS PARTNER SAFE

Secretary Mr. CH. Rambabu Mr. P. Nazeer Khan Mr. M. Madhukar Reddy

IDF G. Balaji K.K.Swamy Reddy A.P. Swamy

NFE G.S. Madhu Kumar T. Venu Gopal M.Sridevi

VC1 L.Chakrapani S.K.Abdul Razzak D. Ratnakar

VC2 K.Murali D.Murthujavali A.L.Suchitra

VC3 M.Mechappa M.Eswaraiah T.Obulesu

DA P.Murali G.Kiran Kumar A.Veera Brahmam

OB K. Subbaraju B. Pratap Kumar P.David

PNGO SAID SYA

Secretary A. Sujan Mr. S.C. Hassan

HF Y. Chandraiah

IDF A. Srinivasulu

NFE D. Karunakar

VC1 P. Karunakar M.Mahanandi

VC2 B. Syam Prasad L.Chandranna

VC3 Ch. Lalitha Kumari M.Subhanbasha

DA T. Saidulu A.Hanumantha Rayudu

OB K. Prashanth M.Srinivasulu

HF - Hydrological Facilitator

IDF - Institutional Development Facilitator

GF - Gender Facilitator

NFE - NFE Facilitator

VC - Village Coordinator

DA - Document Assistant

OB - Office Boy

32                         Terminal Report  

Annex 3: List of Hydro-meteorological Networks established under the project

Sno HU Name No of

Habitations

R G Station

OB Wells

Discharge

Wells

Stream

guages

BIRDS, Kurnool District 1 Chinneru 18 4 70 37

2 Rallavagu 15 5 46 25

3 Thundlavagu 7 2 33 16

4 Peddavagu 5 3 30 15

5 Lothuvagu 1 1 3 2

6 Chandravagu 4 1 13 7

7 Buchamma konetivanka 1 1 4 2

8 Konetivanka 3 1 16 8

9 Bavanasi 12 5 47 23

10 Yerravanka 4 1 19 10

11 Peddavanka 4 1 14 6

CARE, Mahabub Nagar District 12 Chandravagu 23 7 54 27

13 Mallappavagu 17 5 60 30

14 Mandavagu 20 7 65 32

CARVE, Prakasam District 15 Erravagu 4 1 12 8

16 P.Nagulavaram 3 1 6 4

17 Yadalavgu 20 6 56 30

18 Pulivagu 11 4 31 15

19 Lingojipalli vagu 5 2 22 11

20 Chinnauppuvagu 3 1 8 5

21 Kanugalavagu 10 6 39 18

22 Mekaleru 5 2 21 10

23 Naidupalli Vagu 1 0 5 3

24 Tarlupaduvagu 2 0 7 4

25 Bodicherla 1 0 3 1

26 Seetanagulavaram 4 1 8 5

27 Miitameedipalli Vagu 6 2 22 12

DIPA, Prakasam District 28 Palamotuvagu 8 2 30 12

29 Peethuruvagu 14 2 56 29

30 Uppuvagu 41 8 131 58

31 Narsireddipalli 16 3 50 21

32 Rallavagu 3 1 13 5

GVS, Chittoor District 33 Diguvaetigadda 54 10 98 56

34 Rommonivagu 13 5 40 16

Terminal Report 33

Sno HU Name No of

Habitations

R G Station

OB Wells

Discharge

Wells

Stream

guages

35 Nakkillavagu 8 2 27 14

36 Kothakunta 2 1 16 4

PARTNER, Kadapa District 37 Taduku Vagu 8 3 38 17

38 Mulabandala Vagu 14 7 53 27

39 Erravanka 22 6 83 47

40 Tandrasila Vagu 6 2 21 10

41 Bokkineru Vagu 13 5 27 12

42 Erravagu 7 2 27 12

SAFE, Prakasam District 43 Jampaleruvagu 19 8 54 16

44 Vemuleruvagu 29 6 46 11

45 Kakarla (Pedda) vagu 18 5 52 7

46 Chavatavagu 1 4 1

47 Singarayakondavagu 1 1 8 2

48 Sudhakuruvavagu 1 1 4 1

49 Bogoluvagu 1 6 1

SAID, Nalgonda District 50 Bhaskar Rao Kunta 10 4 38 14

51 Sattamma Kunta 9 3 15 10

52 Mallappa Vagu 5 2 19 7

53 Ulsai Palem 6 2 9 4

54 Nathigani Cheruvu 11 3 41 13

55 Nukanaini Cheruvu 9 4 26 9

56 Kondeshi Kunta 3 1 9 3

SYA, Anantapur District 57 Upparavanka 14 46 18

58 Vajralavaka 16 4 44 17

59 Maruvavanka 13 5 37 15

60 Bellamvanka 6 2 23 10

61 Peddavanka 15 5 24 18

62 Mynapuram vanka 5 4 12 4

63 Gooty maruvavanka 3 1 7 3

190 1948 890 48

34                         Terminal Report  

Annex 4: List of equipment/material/assets transferred to HUNs

Equipments/Accessories Display boards

S.

N

o

Name of

the PNGO

No

of

HUs

Total

Length of

HDPE

pipes

installed

Total

No

gate

vales

Total No

Drums

(Discharg

e

Measure

ment)

Total

No of

Stop

watche

s

Total

No

water

level

indica

tors

Total No

of R.G

station

Wat

er

level

type

Sign

boar

d

HU

board

Rain

fall CWB CWE

Strea

m

guag

es

1 BIRDS 11 40854 52 70 70 85 25 73 73 16 73 73 73 9

2 CARE 3 19378 65 63 62 59 19 60 60 3 60 60 60

3 CARVE 13 11678 74 111 68 75 26 68 68 15 68 68 68 8

4 DIPA 5 53195 92 75 75 86 16 74 80 17 76 76 76 4

5 GVS 4 68605 231 84 66 76 18 74 79 16 68 67 67 3

6 PARTNAR 6 37782 90 64 64 66 25 64 67 12 64 64 64 6

7 SAID 7 16449 50 50 52 50 19 50 53 12 53 30 44 7

8 SAFE 7 38364 101 65 60 64 20 57 57 12 57 57 56 7

9 SYA 7 16770.6 135 49 47 69 20 58 60 10 58 59 59 7

Total 63 303075.6 890 631 564 630 188 578 547 113 577 554 567 51

Terminal Report 35

Annex 5: Data sets available per 31st August 2009

Date type 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

OB wells 1149 1897 1999 1992 1968 1948

Discharge Wells 580 919 942 935 916 890

Rain Gauge Stations 116 164 189 190 190 190

Stream Flow 48 48 48

Data Sets Availability

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

OB wells Discharge Wells Rain Gauge StationsStream Flow

36                         Terminal Report  

Annex 6: List of Registered Community Based Organizations (CBOs)

Sno Name of the Registered farmer Institution Name of the

Mandal

Kurnool district: (NGO -BIRDS)

1 Chinneru Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Rudravaram

2 Rallavagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Rudravaram

3 Thundlavagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Allagadda

4 Peddavagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Allagadda

5 Yerravanka Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Chagalamarri

6 Lothuvagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Allagadda

7 Chandravagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Allagadda

8 Buchammakonetivanka Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Chagalamarri

9 Konetivanka Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Chagalamarri

10 Bavanasi Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Allagadda

11 Peddavanka Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee Chagalamarri

CARE, Mahaboobnagar District

12 Saraswathi Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Chinnauppuvagu HU) Markapur

13 Mallappavagu Neeti Parivahaka Prantha Bhugarbha jalala Yajamanya

Commeettee

Achampet

14 Chandravagu Neeti Parivahaka Prantha Bhugarbha jalala Yajamanya

Commeettee

Balmmor

Prakasam District (NGO:CARVE)

15 Bodicherla Vagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Bodicherla HU) Markapur

16 Seetanagulavaram Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee

(Sitanagulavaram HU)

Tarlupadu

17 Tarlupadu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Tarlupadu HU) Tarlupadu

18 Kanugulavagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee

(Kanugulavagu HU)

Peddaravipadu

19 Naidupallivagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Naidupalli HU) Tarlupadu

20 Mekleruvagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Mekleru HU) Tarlupadu

21 Peddanagulavaramvagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee

Peddanagulavaram (HU)

Markapur

22 Sri Venkateswara Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Erravagu HU) B.V.Peta

23 Pulivagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Pulivagu HU) Cumbum

24 Lingojipallivagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Lingojipalli HU) Tarlupadu

25 Mittamidipallivagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Mittamidipalli HU) Cumbum

26 Yadalavagu Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Yadalavagu HU) Markapur

27 Saraswathi Bhoogarbajala Yajamanya Committee (Chinnauppuvagu HU) Markapur

Prakasm (NGO :DIPA)

29 Peethuru vagu Parivahaka Prantha Bhoogarbha Jala Yajamanya Committee Komarolu

30 Narsireddypallivagu Parivahaka Prantha Bhoogarbha Jala Yajamanya

Committee

Racherla

31 Palmotu vagu Parivahaka Prantha Bhoogarbha Jala Yajamanya Committee Racherla

32 Uppuvagu Parivahaka Prantha Bhoogarbha Jala Yajamanya Committee Giddalure

Terminal Report 37

Sno Name of the Registered farmer Institution Name of the

Mandal

Chittoor District (NGO;GVS)

33 Akashganga HUN/Diguveti gadda Madanapalle

34 Kadirinayani Cheruvu pranta HUN/Rommoni vagu Ramasamudram

35 Chettycheruvu pranta HUN/Nakkillavagu Ramasamudram

36 Sevalal HUN/kotthakunta Tanakallau

KADAPA (NGO:PARTNER)

37 Mulabandalavagu Neeti Yajamnyapu Committee Kasinayana

38 Erravagu Bhugarbajala Yajamanya Committee Kasinayana

39 Bokkineruvagu Neeti parivahakaprantapu yajamanya Committee

Kasinayana

40 Tandrasila Parivahaka Prantapu Yajamanyapu Committee Kasinayana 41 Erravanka Neeti Parivahaka pranthapu

Yajamanya Committee Kalasapadu

42 Taduku Neeti Parivahaka Prantapu Yajamanyapu Committee Kalasapadu

Prakasam District (NGO: SAFE)

43 Jampaleruvagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee Ardhaveedu

44 Sudhakuruvavagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee Cumbum

45 Singarayakondavagu Bhugarbhajal Yajamanya Committee Cumbum

46 Chavatavagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee Cumbum

47 Vemuleruvagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee Cumbum

48 Bogolu vagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee Ardhaveedu

49 Kakarla (pedda)vagu Bhugarbhajala Yajamanya Committee Markapuram

Nalgonda District (NGO: SAID)

50 Bhaskarraokunta Damaracherla

51 Mallappavagu Damaracherla

52 Ulsaiapalem Damaracherla

53 Sathyammakunta Thripuraram

54 Kondeshikunta Vemulapally

55 Nathiganicheruvu Thipparty

56 Nukanayanicheruvu Thipparty

SYA-Anantapur, Kurnool district

57 Vajrala vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee Gooty

58 Pedda vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee Peddavaduguru

59 Bellam vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee Gooty

60 Maruva vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee Gooty

61 Uppara vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee Gooty

62 Gooty Maruva vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee

Peddavaduguru

63 Mynapuram vanka Parevahaka Prantha Bhugarbbajala Yajamanya Committee Gooty

38                         Terminal Report  

Annex 7: Gender balance in the project with reference to key indicators

GMC-Members

58%42%

Male Female

HUN -Members

52%48%

Male Female

GMC-Leadership

40%60%

Male Female

HUN -Leadership

62%38%

Male Female

OB well Volunteers

54%46%

Male Female

RG station Volunteers

45%55%

Male Female

Stream flow Volunteers

33%67%

Male Female

FWS Graduates

61%39%

Male Female

Terminal Report 39

Annex 8: Community Capacity Building activities implemented by the project

S. No Trainings

Water Management

1 Module I

2 Module II

3 Module III

4 Module IV

5 Collection of Crop plans

6 CWB Workshops

7 Crop Adoption Survey

8 Raingauge Volunteers Training

9 Mechanic Trainings

10 Stream Flow Measurement

11 KIOSK Training

12 Artificial Groundwater Recharge Training

13 Motivation of School Children

14 Operation & Maintenance of PHM Assets

15 Water sample collection

16 Water quality analysis

17 AGR Exposure visit

18 Orientation on Drinking water exposure visit

S. No Trainings

Water Based Institutions

19 GMC Meetings

20 GMC CB trainings

21 Kalajatha shows

22 HUN Vision Workshop

23 Second Generation GMC

24 Farmer -Officer Workshops

25 GMC Exposure visits

26 HUN Meetings

27 HUN CB Trainings

28 HUN Exposure visits

29 NGN Meeting

30 HUN Marketing Training

31 HUN Finance &Administration

32 HUN Handing over

33 GMC Book keeping for Secretaries

34 GMC Book keeping for Treasuries

35 HUN Conflicts Management

36 Training on Leadership Qualities

37 World Water Day

38 World Food Day

39 Grama Sabha Meetings

40                         Terminal Report  

S. No Trainings

Gender in Water

39 Gender Orientation

40 Gender Sensitization

41 Module-I Training

42 Gender Module-2 Training

43 Gender Module -3 Training

44 All Women dialogues with Govt. Officials

45 Gender CB Training

46 Gender Exposure Visit

47 Kitchen Gardening

48 PHM Volunteers Training for women

49 World Women's Day

50 Gender Documentary film

51 Gender Assessment survey

52 Food & Nutrition Survey

S. No Trainings

Agriculture

53 Soil Sample Collection Training

54 Crop Protection

55 Vermicompost training

56 Training on Bio agents preparation

57 Kitchen Gardening

58 Pheromone Traps Training

59 Exposure on PTD

60 FFS -Exposure visit

61 FFS - IPM

62 Exposure on SRI Paddy

63 Horticulture Trade Fair

64 External Exposure visit

65 Vermiculture Exposure visit

66 Vegetables Cultivation

67 IPM Training

68 Vermiculture trg

69 Sweet orange Cultivation

70 Pre season Orientation

71 Pre season Orientation on Groundnut

72 Pre Season Orientation on Tomato

73 Exposure to Kisan Mela

74 Linkages

75 India Organic Exposure visit

76 Organic Farming Training

77 Exposure on Water saving Methods

78 Salinity soils and Water holding Capacity

79 Dairy Farming

Terminal Report 41

S. No Trainings

80 Eco Farming Training

81 Eco Farming Training for Women

82 Training on IWMT

83 Curry Leaf Training

84 Fodder Management training

85 FFS - FMGS Sessions

86 FWS Sessions

87 Long term experiments

88 Short term experiments

89 Farmer Field Day

42                         Terminal Report  

Annex 9: List of FWS graduates trained by the project

FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2004 - 2005

S.No Name of the PNGO Men Women Total

1 CARE 46 40 86

2 SAID 49 23 72

3 PARTNER 67 16 83

TOTAL 162 79 241

FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2005 - 2006

S.No Name of the PNGO Men Women Total

1 BIRDS 75 42 117

2 CARE 38 34 72

3 CARVE 107 85 192

4 DIPA 92 76 168

5 GVS 84 47 131

6 SAFE 53 53 106

9 PARTNER 125 55 180

TOTAL 574 392 966

FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2006 - 2007

S.No Name of the PNGO Men Women Total

1 BIRDS 368 144 512

2 CARE 356 277 633

3 CARVE 424 210 634

4 DIPA 541 309 850

5 GVS 313 195 508

6 SAFE 678 397 1075

7 SAID 572 451 1023

8 SYA 533 230 763

9 PARTNER 705 372 1077

TOTAL 4490 2585 7075

FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2007 - 2008

S.No Name of the PNGO Men Women Total

1 BIRDS 462 162 624

2 CARE 379 243 622

3 CARVE 563 356 919

4 DIPA 534 447 981

5 GVS 489 501 990

6 SAFE 482 279 761

7 SAID 455 377 832

8 SYA 204 102 306

9 PARTNER 725 381 1106

TOTAL 4293 2848 7141

Terminal Report 43

FFS,FWS,GRADUATES IN APFAMGS PROJECT AREA 2008 - 2009

S.No Name of the PNGO Men Women Total

1 BIRDS 486 226 712

2 CARE 133 59 192

3 CARVE 548 214 762

4 DIPA 548 450 998

5 GVS

6 SAFE 314 155 469

7 SAID 269 235 504

8 SYA 46 29 75

9 PARTNER 452 190 642

TOTAL 2796 1558 4354

44                         Terminal Report  

Annex 10: Crop Water Budgeting Workshops conducted during the project period

CWB data available for following period Sno HU Name

No of Habitations 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

BIRDS, Kurnool District

1 Chinneru 18

2 Rallavagu 15

3 Thundlavagu 7

4 Peddavagu 5

5 Lothuvagu 1

6 Chandravagu 4

7 Buchamma

konetivanka 1

8 Konetivanka 3

9 Bavanasi 12

10 Yerravanka 4

11 Peddavanka 4

CARE, Mahabub Nagar District

12 Chandravagu 23

13 Mallappavagu 17

14 Mandavagu 20

CARVE, Prakasam District

15 Erravagu 4

16 P.Nagulavaram 3

17 Yadalavgu 20

18 Pulivagu 11

19 Lingojipalli vagu 5

20 Chinnauppuvagu 3

21 Kanugalavagu 10

22 Mekaleru 5

23 Naidupalli Vagu 1

24 Tarlupaduvagu 2

25 Bodicherla 1

26 Seetanagulavaram 4

27 Miitameedipalli Vagu 6

DIPA, Prakasam District

28 Palamotuvagu 8

29 Peethuruvagu 14

30 Uppuvagu 41

31 Narsireddipalli 16

32 Rallavagu 3

GVS, Chittoor District

33 Diguvaetigadda 54

34 Rommonivagu 13

35 Nakkillavagu 8

36 Kothakunta 2

Terminal Report 45

CWB data available for following period Sno HU Name

No of Habitations 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

PARTNER, Kadapa District

37 Taduku Vagu 8

38 Mulabandala Vagu 14

39 Erravanka 22

40 Tandrasila Vagu 6

41 Bokkineru Vagu 13

42 Erravagu 7

SAFE, Prakasam District

43 Jampaleruvagu 19

44 Vemuleruvagu 29

45 Kakarla (Pedda) vagu 18

46 Chavatavagu 1

47 Singarayakondavagu 1

48 Sudhakuruvavagu 1

49 Bogoluvagu 1

SAID, Nalgonda District

50 Bhaskar Rao Kunta 10

51 Sattamma Kunta 9

52 Mallappa Vagu 5

53 Ulsai Palem 6

54 Nathigani Cheruvu 11

55 Nukanaini Cheruvu 9

56 Kondeshi Kunta 3

SYA, Anantapur District

57 Upparavanka 14

58 Vajralavaka 16

59 Maruvavanka 13

60 Bellamvanka 6

61 Peddavanka 15

62 Mynapuram vanka 5

63 Gooty maruvavanka 3

3 36 59 63 63

46                         Terminal Report  

Annex 11: Schemes tapped by HUNs for efficient use of irrigation water

Schemes tapped by HUN in acres

Sno HU Name No of

Habitations Pipes Drip

irrigation Sprinkler Raingun

BIRDS, Kurnool District

1 Chinneru 18 2.00 40.00

2 Rallavagu 15 2.00 300.00 2.00

3 Thundlavagu 7 4.00 32.50

4 Peddavagu 5 8.00 165.00

5 Lothuvagu 1 80.00

6 Chandravagu 4 2.50

7 Buchamma

konetivanka 1

8 Konetivanka 3 2.00 20.00

9 Bavanasi 12 20.00

10 Yerravanka 4

11 Peddavanka 4 2.00 7.50

CARE, Mahabub Nagar District

12 Chandravagu 23 980.00 157.00 3,105.00

13 Mallappavagu 17 1,055.00 37.00 3,295.00

14 Mandavagu 20 785.00 105.00 2,710.00

CARVE, Prakasam District

15 Erravagu 4 868.00 36.00 0.00

16 P.Nagulavaram 3 780.00 0.00 0.00

17 Yadalavgu 20 4,228.00 740.00 0.00

18 Pulivagu 11 1,608.00 66.00 0.00

19 Lingojipalli vagu 5 608.00 180.00 180.00

20 Chinnauppuvagu 3 384.00 38.50 0.00

21 Kanugalavagu 10 3,572.50 0.00 10.00

22 Mekaleru 5 1,546.00 160.00 340.00

23 Naidupalli Vagu 1 460.00 15.00 96.00

24 Tarlupaduvagu 2 584.00 164.00 80.00

25 Bodicherla 1 310.00 0.00 30.00

26 Seetanagulavaram 4 134.00 0.00 0.00

27 Miitameedipalli Vagu 6 1,200.00 0.00 0.00

DIPA, Prakasam District

28 Palamotuvagu 8 786.00 26.00 53.00

29 Peethuruvagu 14 805.00 52.00 35.00

30 Uppuvagu 41 698.00 57.00 60.00

31 Narsireddipalli 16 651.00 67.00 87.00

32 Rallavagu 3 471.00 14.00 36.00

GVS, Chittoor District

33 Diguvaetigadda 54 44.50

34 Rommonivagu 13 10.00

35 Nakkillavagu 8 2.00

36 Kothakunta 2 54.15 15.50

Terminal Report 47

Schemes tapped by HUN in acres

Sno HU Name No of

Habitations Pipes Drip

irrigation Sprinkler Raingun

PARTNER, Kadapa District

37 Taduku Vagu 8 138.00 125.00 4.00

38 Mulabandala Vagu 14 30.00 146.00

39 Erravanka 22 852.00 220.00 16.00

40 Tandrasila Vagu 6 155.00 8.00 10.00

41 Bokkineru Vagu 13 1,075.00 436.00 12.00

42 Erravagu 7 142.00 6.00

SAFE, Prakasam District

43 Jampaleruvagu 19 678.00 120.00 610.00

44 Vemuleruvagu 29 495.60 118.50 126.00

45 Kakarla (Pedda) vagu 18 1,022.40 360.00 236.00

46 Chavatavagu 1 18.00 10.00 0.00

47 Singarayakondavagu 1 64.80 0.00 0.00

48 Sudhakuruvavagu 1 31.20 52.00 0.00

49 Bogoluvagu 1 24.00 0.00 0.00

SAID, Nalgonda District

50 Bhaskar Rao Kunta 10 928.25 104.50 0.00

51 Sattamma Kunta 9 245.80 1.20 0.00

52 Mallappa Vagu 5 183.50 28.00 0.00

53 Ulsai Palem 6 421.50 0.00 0.00

54 Nathigani Cheruvu 11 1,193.50 2,376.75 26.50

55 Nukanaini Cheruvu 9 165.50 1,174.50 0.00

56 Kondeshi Kunta 3 23.00 173.00 3.00

SYA, Anantapur District

57 Upparavanka 14 48.00 8.00 17.00

58 Vajralavaka 16 48.00 8.00 188.00

59 Maruvavanka 13 88.00 11.00 29.00

60 Bellamvanka 6 48.00 6.00 45.00

61 Peddavanka 15 42.00 7.00 112.00

62 Mynapuram vanka 5 18.00 2.00 22.00

63 Gooty maruvavanka 3 8.00 1.00 22.00

30,558.55 7,683.60 12,284.50 2.00

48                         Terminal Report  

Annex 12: Area cropped under different crops during the project period

Cropped area in Acre Sno Crop

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

1 Paddy 7,181.43 10,623.25 11,512.17 12,898.79 10,998.05

2 Redgram 507.00 510.00 2,086.50 2,188.00 2,100.00

3 Bengalgram 2.00 239.00 639.00 1,558.00 1,899.00

4 Groundnut 1,366.95 9,428.76 8,357.98 12,151.95 11,350.95

5 Sunflower 767.30 5,928.10 7,516.55 13,135.60 14,793.70

6 Cotton 3,387.00 535.00 798.50 2,494.75 2,534.35

7 Chilli 1,562.53 4,131.56 10,298.72 10,092.10 7,159.54

8 Bajra 179.20 1,848.75 2,373.60 3,197.50 2,862.10

9 Jowar 1.00 1,310.65 245.80 529.20 2,228.60

10 Black gram 42.00 220.50 889.05 313.20 143.50

11 green gram 3.00 57.00 335.85 104.00 94.70

12 Cluster Bean 0.00 0.00 39.00 57.00 58.00

13 Ragulu 160.70 577.70 553.56 622.20 797.75

14 Caster 151.00 216.75 217.50 328.00 596.00

15 Cotton 3,387.00 610.00 798.50 2,494.75 3,064.85

16 Sweet orange 596.60 6,996.50 9,041.40 12,845.65 12,537.41

17 Mango 13.00 410.25 527.30 638.25 756.00

18 Sapota 0.00 132.00 199.50 199.00 217.50

19 Sugar Cane 410.00 309.97 1,197.81 771.15 710.25

20 Tomato 3.10 1,281.65 1,578.05 1,230.80 1,429.75

21 Watermelon 0.00 18.00 43.50 37.70 3.50

22 Banana 48.00 45.00 133.25 142.75 248.25

23 Turmeric 44.00 127.50 115.00 56.00 310.50

24 Drumstick 116.00 6.00 18.00 51.00 108.00

25 Weat 2.00 23.35 0.00 0.00 0.00

26 Onian 0.00 64.25 21.25 38.00 61.50

27 Coriander 16.00 64.75 171.28 227.55 225.00

28 Guava 0.00 34.00 36.00 51.50 62.50

29 Sorghum 621.00 80.50 2,256.00 1,665.00 5,601.00

30 Papaya 0.00 52.00 210.11 256.50 118.50

31 Vegetables 165.00 811.51 831.59 827.60 1,243.59

32 Floriculture 0.00 76.00 113.67 109.05 119.70

33 Horticulture 568.00 40.00 31.75 26.00 23.00

34 Others 0.00 584.50 708.00 1,002.80 950.00

21,300.81 47,394.75 63,895.74 82,341.34 85,407.04

Terminal Report 49

Annex 13: Groundwater draft during the project period

Year wise Draft Calculated in (cu.m)

Sno HU Name

No of

Habitati

ons 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

BIRDS, Kurnool District

1 Chinneru 18 13831390 19131940 12579420 11589160

2 Rallavagu 15 15840958 15719782 12751780 9337420

3 Thundlavagu 7 13522400 8483350 10057000

4 Peddavagu 5 8748935 4248684 4225800 3173880 3609640

5 Lothuvagu 1 1785810 1247000 873400

6 Chandravagu 4 6453180 4587760 2995720

7 Buchamma

konetivanka 1 1803000 1300200 1460300

8 Konetivanka 3 3565395 2656720 4286600

9 Bavanasi 12 17254500 10134740 13357800

10 Yerravanka 4 8244100 7078340 3896886 6757000

11 Peddavanka 4 8456730 4162590 8034200

CARE, Mahabub Nagar District

12 Chandravagu 23 10885880 7602430 9511722 8541200

13 Mallappavagu 17 17557300 11037280 12760042 11157920

14 Mandavagu 20 12540526 9493010 10506260 10849560

CARVE, Prakasam District

15 Erravagu 4 1766800 4531660 3545140 3907524

16 P.Nagulavaram 3 1219339 1788423 1428096 1303940

17 Yadalavgu 20 6706880 21060600 12811840 11976193

18 Pulivagu 11 4763135 9629048 8408998 6087740

19 Lingojipalli vagu 5 3567352 4186956 3013814 3375711

20 Chinnauppuvagu 3 721419 1187379 830520 1116288

21 Kanugalavagu 10 10640760 8085664 8139465

22 Mekaleru 5 7860250 4939292 4039991

23 Naidupalli Vagu 1 1047320 1026585 772578

24 Tarlupaduvagu 2 1793480 2190483 2347344

25 Bodicherla 1 1102660 946030 373640

26 Seetanagulavaram 4 1393404 822930 983115

27 Miitameedipalli Vagu 6 4977808 3690163 2529304

DIPA, Prakasam District

28 Palamotuvagu 8 10623559 12318366 11810945 11580187

29 Peethuruvagu 14 10128350 8873866 9631680 9198780

30 Uppuvagu 41 7931553 9515766 12695480 13007174

31 Narsireddipalli 16 8310500 9012159 7556026 8351582

32 Rallavagu 3 3921333 4170742 4410073 4612390

GVS, Chittoor District

33 Diguvaetigadda 54 4593635 9966815 7100875 7597946

34 Rommonivagu 13 2678662 3457767 3037382 2479785

35 Nakkillavagu 8 881684 1371094 1205092 1567001

36 Kothakunta 2 427734 240422 416652 369989 508089

50                         Terminal Report  

Year wise Draft Calculated in (cu.m)

Sno HU Name

No of

Habitati

ons 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

PARTNER, Kadapa District

37 Taduku Vagu 8 7162580 8309240 9023558 7285980

38 Mulabandala Vagu 14 17395952 17338572 13513608 15120264

39 Erravanka 22 15209340 12711528 11792700

40 Tandrasila Vagu 6 6516211 5414632 4713842 5500145

41 Bokkineru Vagu 13 13742366 9734765 9133940

42 Erravagu 7 8952252 10650944 9076312 7680840

SAFE, Prakasam District

43 Jampaleruvagu 19 21295120 21897060 16462366 22630460

44 Vemuleruvagu 29 17364820 18772528 16993650 18846308

45 Kakarla (Pedda)

vagu 18 15368175 15832619 12546680 17274000

46 Chavatavagu 1 918525 679600 762610

47 Singarayakondavagu 1 1115560 1549250 1715760

48 Sudhakuruvavagu 1 712705 815810 722200 1162397

49 Bogoluvagu 1 1619270 734580 1206860

SAID, Nalgonda District

50 Bhaskar Rao Kunta 10 4000660 5618108 4963411 7401771

51 Sattamma Kunta 9 2308684 1400983 1673671

52 Mallappa Vagu 5 3300208 4648972 4486192 4766940

53 Ulsai Palem 6 1075346 2009945 1489300 2140592

54 Nathigani Cheruvu 11 19185895 20414440

55 Nukanaini Cheruvu 9 13524850 15253458

56 Kondeshi Kunta 3 1004999 1366920

SYA, Anantapur District

57 Upparavanka 14 1738839 1710604 1618933 1771849

58 Vajralavaka 16 3545266 3157575 4112163 5380863

59 Maruvavanka 13 2991785 2465464 2751138 2726654

60 Bellamvanka 6 1440740 1363165 1427225 1082680

61 Peddavanka 15 2208740 1603580 1633469

62 Mynapuram vanka 5 411838 375339 472471

63 Gooty maruvavanka 3 353391 315640

Terminal Report 51

Annex 14: Static Water Levels in the project area during the project period

15 May Static Water Level (SWL) Maximum 186 m bgl

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

140.00

150.00

160.00

170.00

180.00

190.00

200.00

2006 2007 2008 2009

15 Aug Static Water Level (SWL) Maximum 116m bgl

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

2006 2007 2008 2009

52                         Terminal Report  

15 Nov Static Water Level (SWL) Maximum 157m bgl

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

110.00

120.00

130.00

140.00

150.00

160.00

170.00

2005 2006 2007 2008

Terminal Report 53

Annex 15: Results of Artificial Groundwater Recharge interventions of the Project

No. of Wells

Year Under AGR Revitalized

2004-05 171 10

2005-06 171 23

2006-07 363 39

2007-08 723 63

2008-09 723 72

Results of AGR

020406080

100120140160180200220240260280300320340360380400420440460480500520540560580600620640660680700720

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09Year

No o

f w

ells

Under AGR

Revitalized

54                         Terminal Report  

Annex 16: Details of the revenue generated by HUNs on data sales and Visitors

S.NO HUN PNGO HUN Bank A/C No Purpose Visitor (Client) Date Amount Rs.

1 Yerravanka

BIRDS

30292484743 Grounwater

Management studies

World Bank Study Team

(Hyd. Central

University)

03.03.2009 10,000.00

2 Chandravagu SBH / 62063651573 Ground water

Management Studies World Bank study team 10,000.00

3 Mandavagu

CARE

SBI / 11492623262 Ground water

Management Studies CADA Team 2,500.00

4 Erravagu 4208 Survey on Sweet

Orange farmers World Bank Survey 10.3.2009 10,000.00

5 Chinnauppuvagu

CARVE

30305833309 Study on APFAMGS

activities AFPRO 26.4.08 2,000.00

6 Rallavagu 11675633739 Grounwater

Management studies

World Bank Study

Team(AFPRO) 3,000.00

7 Peethuruvagu 30391348390 Grounwater

Management studies

World Bank Study

Team(AFPRO) 3,000.00

8 Peethuruvagu 30391348390 Grounwater

Management studies

World Bank Study Team

(Hyd.Central University) 10,000.00

9 Narsireddipallivagu

DIPA

30269087631 Grounwater

Management studies

World Bank Study Team

(Hyd.Central University) 10,000.00

Visiting CWB Process IAMWARM project,

Tamilnadu 17.02.09 1,000.00

Visiting CWB Process FES, Siddagattuvaripalli 25.6.09 1,000.00

Visiting CWB Process FES, Chinthamani 29.6.09 1,000.00

Visiting CWB Process FES, Gownivaripalli 16.7.09 1,000.00

Visiting CWB Process IAMWARM project,

Tamilnadu 30.8.09 2,800.00

10 Diguvetigadda

GVS

9247

Visiting CWB Process IAMWARM project,

Tamilnadu 18.9.09 2,000.00

Terminal Report 55

S.NO HUN PNGO HUN Bank A/C No Purpose Visitor (Client) Date Amount Rs.

Visiting CWB Process IAMWARM project,

Tamilnadu 27-2-09 1,000.00

Survey World Bank 9/3/2009 2,000.00

Visiting CWB Process FES,Lakkinapalli 12/7/2009 1,000.00

Visiting CWB Process IAMWARM project,

Tamilnadu 30.8.09 1,500.00

11 Rommonivagu 9249

Visiting CWB Process IAMWARM project,

Tamilnadu 18.9.09 1,000.00

Survey World Bank 9.3.2009 10,000.00 12 Nakkilavagu 9248

Exposure GMC members 27.10.09 3,485.00

13 Kothakunta

34991 Impact study Ground water dept. 24.07.09 1,000.00

14 Erravagu 30695453706

World Bank team visit

Evalution survey (144

farmers)

World Bank team 13-3-2009 10,000.00

15 Erravanka 30304667024 Project impact and

PHM instralation GWD Ananthapur 10.2.2009 500.00

16 Erravanka

PARTNER

30304667024 Project impact and

PHM instralation GWB Mahaboob nagar 25-2-2009 500.00

17 Jampaleruvagu SB A\c-

0363774332 World bank servey World Bank Team Visit 28.02.2009 10,000.00

18 Jampaleruvagu SBA\c-

30363774332

Interaction with GMC

members Afpro team 18.03.2009 2,000.00

19 Vemuleruvagu

SAFE

SB A\c- 11684523736

Interaction with GMC

members Afpro team 18.03.2009 2,000.00

20 Mallappa vagu SAID

SBI 88 Survay on crop

changes World bank survay team 4.17.2009 10,000.00

21 Bellamvanka 305233001 interaction World bank team 2,000.00

22 Vajaralvanka

SYA

11485569303 interaction/data World bank team 10,560.00

137,845.00

56                         Terminal Report  

Annex 17: GIS data sets generated by the project

APFAMGS Data Base

17.1 Background

Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed Groundwater System (APFAMGS) project’s greatest strength is in

enabling several thousand farmers residing in 638 habitations spread over several hundred kilometers

to collect technical data related to Meteorology, Geology, Groundwater levels, groundwater pumping,

groundwater quality, soil, crops and agriculture inputs on their own consistently for 4 years without any

monetary gains. This approach prepared the community to act as foot soldiers for data gathering without

being intimidated by the technologies. This in a way liberated the community from the bondage of

outsiders deciding what is good for them. Thus by a combination of strengthening community skills and

strengthening local institutions the community realized that they are the custodians of the groundwater

resource under sever threat and they have a rightful responsibility to protect and hand it over safely to

their children.

Terminal Report 57

In the process of data gathering all the different steps including the science of hydrology, typical

observations, measurements, recording, classification, documentation, analysis, exchange of information,

making hypothesis, testing the hypothesis by further experiments and observation are all strictly

adhered to. Overall the effort has been to ensure that there is no attempt to dilute the science just

because it is handled by the community who necessarily do not have necessarily gone through the formal

education system.

The project role has been in strengthening the farmer institutions with capacity and skills for acquiring

the knowledge in data collection. More than 6380 rural farmers (men and women) were trained with

technical skills, capacity and knowledge for data collection. Another 30,000 farmers were trained in

converting the data to knowledge and use it successfully in managing groundwater crisis.

17.2 Data Movement Path

At the lowest level which is the data source trained farmers collect the data for the different specified

parameters at the appropriate time and frequency across the project and transfer the data to the HMR

log book, From the HMR log book the data is transferred to the village display board where first level

integration takes place at the Habitation level. Primary data validation is exercise for consistency checks

between the various data points within the habitation.

58                         Terminal Report  

Data from the different Habitations within the Hydrological Unit is consolidated at the Hydrological Unit

Level Network (HUN) and the data passes through secondary validation test. Validated data that has

been certified by the HUN is keyed into the computer at the NGO for the different HUN’s using Habitation

Resource Information System (HRIS) software In parallel validated data from the different HUN’s is

shared at the project level for tertiary validation through newsletter “Neela Muchata” 13. The News

letter is published in local language Telugu for generating the necessary curiosity at interest in data

scrutiny. This triggers a process of internalization of the data and sets into motion discussions at various

levels and formation of opinions on the cause and the effects. It also helps consolidate individual views

and develop common perspective towards handling distress collectively

HRIS stores data of individual farmers that can be queried at habitation and Hydrologic Unit level. HRIS

database of Different HU’s is integrated at NGO level while at the project level this is available for the

entire project. HRIS has helped organize the farmer-collected data in a computerized format that is

available for sharing with the scientific community as well as planners. Data Products Catalogue 14 is

13 APFAMGS news letter published in Telugu with articles from Farmers and Scientists 14 Data Products Catalogue-APFAMGS Publication on Meta Data

Share data with Global Community

Data sharing at Project Level through Publication in News Letter

Interpreted graphs, Maps and Reports

Integrate point level data with thematic maps (GIS layers)

Data Analysis at Hydrological Unit

Computerization at NGO level Consolidate Habitation level data at Hydrological Unit

Record in HMR Log Book at the site

Enter onto Habitation Village display

Data Collection by Farmers

Terminal Report 59

published annually for sharing the information on meta-data with the data users. Farmers have

successfully sold the data to number of Research Institutes, Academic Researchers and World Bank.

17.3 Data Base Design

HRIS is an RDBMS database and uses MS-Access database for storing information. HRIS can store data

from all the 638 habitations for the various parameters for a number of years. The database design is

such that large amount of information is stored in a simple and logical way that it can be ported between

machines, offices and different working environment effortlessly. The Database is linked to report

generating software for generating Customised Graphs, Diagrams and Reports through simple button

functions.

HRIS can operates in windows environment and is simple to install and maintain, The database file can

be zipped (few kilobytes) and mailed to different users. The software comes with export and import

feature so that only the upgraded portion of the database is integrated.

17.4 Data Base Organisation

HRIS organizes data systematically so that the data can be called for individual farmers, individual/group

of habitations or for individual Hydrological Unit.

60                         Terminal Report  

17.5 GIS Data Sets

Demystification of GIS has been taken up by the project. The aim is to customize GIS applications for

easy viewing by rural communities. The focus is in making GIS available to the community for accessing

information about individual and shared resources without external facilitators. With new insight on their

resources in both space and time, it is expected that tough decision making with regard to natural

resources and particularly in crop planning matching the water resource availability becomes possible.

Terminal Report 61

Use of GIS by communities helps avoid resource-related conflicts as they build consensus on their

availability.

Communities access GIS data through “Information Kiosk”. The kiosk integrates GIS technology with

Remote Sensing, Internet and basic computations. Seven GIS themes have been created for all the

HU’s. Use of satellite imageries for the same geographical area has enabled integration of remotely

sensed imageries with GIS maps. Integration of such themes has helped in updating various features as

well as for generating thematic maps. Integrated maps of GIS have helped track crop changes adopted

by the farmers over the project period.

Remote sensing analysis has been used to conduct corroboration of crop pattern data with field reports.

Project has successfully identified remote sensing signature of the high-water-use crops group (> 1,000

millimeters, including paddy, turmeric, banana, and sugar cane) and distinguishing it from that of the

low-water-use crops group (<375 millimeters, comprising black gram, green gram, gingili, and millet),

and then deducing the area under each group during different seasons. The analysis indicates that the

area under high-water-use crops in select HU’s decreased from 2004–05 to 2007–08, whereas the area

under the low-water-use crops increased significantly.

17.6 Data Storage Architecture

The HRIS software stores all the data – both static and dynamic data as (*.mdb files).

In addition, provision for converting data, based on requirements, into other formats (.xls, .txt) is

available. GIS data is archived in ESRI (*.shp) format.

At the lowest level ie with NGO’s the data is organized for individual HUN’s.

62                         Terminal Report  

The database files available with individual NGO’s is given in the table. These data can be made available

to data users for the entire HU or customized to the users requirements.

GIS database is stored separately as*.shp files for individual HU’s as Five layer thematic map.

At the project level with Nodal NGO BIRDS there are 63 data files that contains data for individual HU’s.

GIS database for the entire project is also available with Nodal NGO BIRDS.

The details of the data available at the Habitation is provided in the Table. Software provides facility for

extracting data (as*.xls, *.txt) from the main database for specific parameters. The data availability for

the different parameters include:

Main

Directory Sub Directory Description format

Met data Daily Rainfall data for individual stations (191

stations) .mdb

Groundwater Level (Static and Pumping) for

2027 observation wells @

15 days frequency of monitoring

.mdb

Hydro-geological Data

Discharge measurement from 984 observation

wells .mdb

Habitation Details

(Static)

General Information 637 habitations

(Demography, Infrastructure, local institutions,

land area, cropped area, , irrigation sources,

Trainings)

.mdb

Habitation

Level Data

Institution Data GMC membership. .mdb

The details of the data available at the Hydrologic unit level is provided in the Table.

BIRDS Data of 63 HU stored in 55 HU

level database

Data at Project Level Stored with Nodal

Data at HU Level Stored with PNGO

Terminal Report 63

Details of the Archived files at the Project Level Main

Directory

Sub

Directory Description No of records format

2004-05 3

2005-06 38

2006-07 59

2007-08 62

Crop Water

Budget

(CWB)

Ground Water Balance Estimation

2008-09 62

.mdb

2004-05 3

2005-06 38

2006-07 59

2007-08 62

Rabi Crop Plan of individual

farmers using groundwater for

irrigation 2008-09 62

.mdb

2004-05 3

2005-06 38

2006-07 59

2007-08 62

Agriculture

Details Rabi Crop adoption by

individual farmers using

groundwater for irrigation

2008-09 62

.mdb

Hydrological monitoring stations 2006-07 63

Drainage map 2005-06 63

Geology Map 2005-06 63

Habitation map 2005-06 63

Hyd

rolo

gic

al U

nit L

evel

Dat

a

GIS Data Land use Map generated use

Satellite Imageries Jan 2006 63

ESRI

*.shp

64                         Terminal Report  

17.7 Information Kiosk

Information Kiosk15 has been designed by the project to help Farmers access and interact with the

computerized database. Information Kiosk provides a medium to view the data collected by different

farmers over a regional area in the form of GIS maps, graphs and charts. The kiosk also helps answer

queries related to impact of hypothetical crop changes (“what-if” scenarios) on the entire drainage

system.

The Information Kiosk is a totally screen driven (touch screen) facility with large icons displaying limited

but focused data, supported by graphics and animations. The language is local with very simple and

intuitive navigation paths. The hardware is typically a standard configuration, not generally visible to the

users. The Kiosk carries out basic computations to answer various queries raised by the farmers and

displays the results as animations, graphics and charts, which the users can understand and appreciate.

15 Poster on Information Kiosk made at CGIAR conference 2009 in Wageningen was awarded the first

prize.

Terminal Report 65

Annex 18: Foreign students/visitors to APFAMGS project

Sno Purpose Name of the Participants Country

1 Abdulla Mohammed Al-Thary Yemen

2 Ahmad Dehghan Iran

3 Andrew I. Ayeni Abuja Nigeria

4 Babatunde Oloko Nigeria

5 Dr. Azeneth Eufrausino

Schuler Brazil

6 Dr. Fadhl Ali Al-Nozaily The Republic of

Yemen

7 Hamisi Dulla Mzoba Kenya

8 Judith Abdul Njalambaya Tanzania

9 Kinley Dorji Bhutan

10 Mbuyi Kalombo Democratic Republic

of the Congo

11 Myint Aung Yangon, Myanmar

12 Phanuel Mucheni Matseshe Kenya

13 Pronmongkol Chidchob Thailand

14 Samuel M. Contreras Philippines

15 Youngyos Neamsub Thailand

1

International Learning

Workshop on Demind side

groundwater management

16 Ebitimi Tawari Nigeria

1 Francescas Mancine Italy

2 Stefano Benato Italy

3 Urtizverea Yoann France

2

Community led

groundwater management

4 Stephen Netherlands

66                         Terminal Report  

Annex 19: Capacity building activities conducted by project for agencies within India

Sno Organization Participants State Year

1

Honorable Speaker of Rajasthan

Legislative Assembly Shri Deependra

Singh Shekhawat and 15 Members of

Legislative Assembly (MLAs) of

Rajasthan

16 members Rajasthan 2009

2

Government of Maharashtra - Water

Supply & Sanitation Department,

Jalswarajya Project

20 officers Maharashtra 2009

3

Government of Maharashtra - Water

Supply & Sanitation Department,

Jalswarajya Project

20 Maharashtra 2009

4

The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization

and Water Resources Management

(IAMWARM) project Tamil Nadu

32 Engineers Tamil Nadu 2009

5 Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater

Department (APSGWD) 25 officers Andhra Pradesh 2008

6 Officers 18 Afghanistan 2005

7 CHETHANA 15 Tamil Nadu 2005

8 Officers 4 Bhutan 2006

9 NAANDI Foundation 15 Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 2006

10 Principal Secretary and Engineers from

Irrigation dept. 6 Orrissa 2007

11 APWAM Project 50 Thirupathi and Bapatla,

Andhra Pradesh 2007

12 Social work students 3 Karnataka 2007

13 CGWB, SGWB, CRD and DWMA officers 25 Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh 2008

14 CRYD 2 Mahaboob nagar, Andhra

Pradesh 2008

15 Agriculture Students 5 Netherlands 2008

16 Agriculture Students 2 Nepal 2008

17 CRIDA Hyderabad 3 Hyderabad 2005

18 Mr.G.Gadrik & Benjiman 2 Kenya 2006

19 APHRO 2 Hyderabad 2006

20 MANAGE 2 Hyderabad 2007

21 World Bank Team 3 New Delhi 2007

22 Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater

Department (APSGWD) 12 Andhra Pradesh 2008

23 Central University Students 7 Hyderabad 2007

24 Research Scholars 2 Netherlands 2008

25 Research Scholars

Nice 1 France 2008

26 Mr.Jacob 1 Bangalore 2008

27 D.P.D / APCBTM Project 2 Hyderabad 2008

Terminal Report 67

Sno Organization Participants State Year

28 GWD department 2 Anathapuram &

Mahaboob Nagar 2008

29

Mr.Manoj Sharma

Sofil Water Management,

Palampure

1 Gujarath 2008

30 Plant – Pathology department 03 officers Bangalore 2005

31 FAO-IN 01 officers New delhi 2005

32 World Education 01 officers Hyderabad 2005

33 Line Department officials 06 Engineers Karnataka 2005

34 FAO-IN 05 officers New delhi 2007

35 Ground water department officials 13 Officers Andhra Pradesh 2007

36 World Bank visited 03 officers Hyderabad 2008

37 Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater

Department (APSGWD) 23 officers Andhra Pradesh 2008

38

The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization

and Water Resources Management

(IAMWARM) project Tamil Nadu

05 officers Tamil Nadu 2009

39

The Irrigated Agriculture Modernization

and Water Resources Management

(IAMWARM) project Tamil Nadu

22 officers Tamil Nadu 2009

40 AFPRO team visit 2 members Andhra Pradesh 2006

41 Mandal Development Office (MDO) 1 Officer

(MDO)

Bestavaripeta, Prakasam

(Dt) 2008

42 World Bank team Visit 6 Members World Bank - Hyderanad 2008

43 Agriculture Dept. 1 Officer

(AEO)

Bestavaripeta, Prakasam

(Dt) 2009

44 Horticulture Dept. 1 Officer (HO) Cumbum, Prakasam (Dt) 2009

45 Marketing - IKP

1 Officer

(State Co-

ordinator)

Cumbum, Prakasam (Dt) 2009

46 DRDA - IKP 1 Officer Bestavaripeta, Prakasam

(Dt) 2009

47 Ground water Dept. 1 Geologist Ongole, Prakasam (Dt) 2009

48 HOSTA Org. 2 Officers M.P.Cheruvu, Prakasam

(Dt). 2009

49 Andhra Pradesh State Groundwater

Department (APSGWD),Ongole

6 Hydro

Geologists Andhra Pradesh 2009

50 MLA-Cumbum 1 member Andhra Pradesh 2007

51 Zilla Parishat 5 members Andhra Pradesh 2007

52 Agriculture Dept 9 officers,

Scientists Andhra Pradesh

2005-

2008

53 Horticulture Dept 4 Scioentists Andhra Pradesh 2007

54 Revenue Department 5 MROs Andhra Pradesh 2005-

2008

55 Sericulture Department 3 officers Andhra Pradesh 2006

68                         Terminal Report  

Sno Organization Participants State Year

56 Regional Agriculture Research Station 5 Scientists Andhra Pradesh 2006-2007

57 Mandal Parishat

10,(5

MDO,s),5

MPP,s

Andhra Pradesh 2005-

2008

58 Forest Department 2 FRO,s Andhra Pradesh 2006

59 Disrtict Water Management Agency 3 officers Andhra Pradesh 2007

60 Andhara Pradesh Community Based

Management Project

8 Officers

(Including 4

APD,s)

Andhra Pradesh 2008

61 Andhra Pradesh Micro Irrigation Project 3 Irrigation

Engeneers Andhra Pradesh 2007

62 NABARD 2 Officers Andhra Pradesh 2007

Terminal Report 69

Annex 20: Frequently Asked Question (Visitors)

1. Who owns the observation well?

2. What are the materials given to you for collecting hydrological data?

3. Is the person collecting data is paid by the project?

4. What is the use of collecting hydrological data?

5. What is the structure of the GMC/HUN?

6. What happens if some of the executive members resign or removed?

7. Before the Project, did you see a Rain Gauge Station and knew about the measuring methods?

8. Are you changing crops a result of Crop Water Budgeting?

9. If some of you were not willing to change crops, what action did you take as GMC/HUN?

10. How did you come to know about the crop water requirement?

11. After the withdrawal of PNGO, will you continue to collect hydrological data?

12. How do you ensure that the data collected is authentic and accurate?

13. How do you manage when a conflict or crisis arise within the institution?

14. Why do you need a GMC, where there are already a number of institutions in your village?

15. Whether elder family members object women participation in the project activities?

16. How do you think you have you benefited by participating in the APFAMGS project?

17. What are the benefits of adopting low external agricultural practices?

18. How are able to collect hydrological data, which is a task of scientists?

19. How will you ensure sustainability of your institution and continuality hydrological monitoring

after the project support is withdrawn?

20. Do you have skills for making use of the Habitation Resource Information System (HRIS) and

the Information Kiosks developed by the project?

70                         Terminal Report  

Annex 21: Frequently Asked Question (Farmers)

1. Is there a provision for Supply of Water saving devices (Drip, Sprinkler sets) in the Project?

2. Is there a provision for Rejuvenation of abandoned dug wells in the project?

3. Can the project support drilling of new borewells for small & marginal farmers where the

Groundwater Stress is and not there and waste lands are available for development?

4. Can the project fund the construction of weather forecasting stations?

5. Can the project provide agricultural inputs like seeds, vermi Compost, neem oil, etc?

6. Can the project provide necessary support for making HUNs as Marketing Agencies of

fertilizers, seeds, sprayers and tarpaulin sheets etc?

7. There is lot of demand for fodder seed. Can the project facilitate procurement by HUNs so

that they can supply farmers, on cost basis?

8. Can the project support “Farmer Research Schools” on water saving methods?

9. Can the project establish a demonstration farm in stead of using farmer fields?

10. Can HUNs take up nursing raising, with the technical support of the project?

11. Can the project facilitate buy-back arrangement with Agro Based companies?

12. Will the project pay the Farmer Resource Persons when they serve outside their operational

area?

13. Can the GMCs be registered?

14. How can we recharge the aquifers in our area?

15. We want to know about the controlling pests and deceases in various crops?

16. What are the differences between traditional irrigation and micro irrigation?

17. What is the use of taking water samples for quality analysis?

18. Is it possible to convert the defunct bore well as injection bore well?

19. How can we get good price for our agriculture produces?

20. Why should we maintain odd number in the Executive committee?

21. Why equal representation of gender is required in GMC/HUN committees?

22. What are the benefits I get if I save ground water?

23. Why women should attend the meetings and take part in the GMC committees?

24. Will the groundwater saved by the GMCs remain in the same village?

25. Can the project provide marketing facilities for organic produce?

26. What is the use of soil testing and water testing?

Terminal Report 71

Annex 22: Publications/presentations and other material produced by APFAMGS

Reports:

1. Proposed Work Plan June – August 2009 May, 2009

2. DSGM Training Completion Report for the Officials of

Government of Maharashtra , Water Supply & Sanitation

Department, Reform Support & Project Management Unit Feb, 2009

3. DSGM Training Completion Report for the Officials of

Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water-Bodies

Restoration of Management IAMWARM Project,

Government of Tamil Nadu Feb, 2009

4. Half Yearly Progress Report: July to Dec 2008 Jan, 2009

5. DSGM Completion Report Dec, 2008

6. Plan and Budget Dec 08 to May 09 Oct, 2008

7. Data Products Catalogue 2008 Aug, 2008

8. Work plan July-December 2008 July, 2008

9. Half Yearly Progress Report: Jan - Jun 2008 July, 2008

10. Plan and Budget 2008 Mar, 2008

11. Cross Cultural Perspectives on Groundwater Based Institutions Sept, 2007

12. Plan and Budget July-December 2007 Jan, 2007

13. International Learning Workshop on Demand side Management Sept, 2007

GW Completion Report

14. Half Yearly Progress Report – Annexures July, 2007

15. Half Yearly Progress Report: Jan-June 2007 July, 2007

16. Useful implements and methods of use in conducting GW training Feb, 2007

Sessions as part of field school methods - Toolkit (English).

17. Useful implements and methods of use in conducting GW training May, 2007

Sessions as part of field school methods - Toolkit (Telugu)

18. Causes and control of Root rot diseases in Sweet Orange in May, 2007

APFAMGS Project (Markapur project area)

19. Half Yearly Progress Report: Jan -June 2006 Sept, 2006

20. Half Yearly Report Jan -June 2006 (Draft) Sept, 2006

21. Revised Plan and Budget 2006 July, 2006

22. Plan and Budget 2006 Feb, 2006

23. Half-Yearly Progress Report: Jan-June 2005 2005

24. Annual Plan and Budget – 2005 2005

25. Half-yearly Progress Report: May-Dec 2004 2004

26. Project Launching Workshop Report – 2004 2004

27. RNE Final Report - July 2003-April 2004 2004

28. Half-Yearly Progress Report: July-Dec 2003 2003

Newsletters:

1. Neella Muchatta - IX news letter 2007 June, 2007

2. Neella Muchatta - VIII news letter 2007 Feb, 2007

3. Neella Muchetta - VII news letter-2006 Nov, 2006

4. Neella Muchetta -VI news letter – 2006 May, 2006

5. Neella Muchetta - V News letters-2006 June, 2006

72                         Terminal Report  

6. Neella Muchetta IV news letter – 2005 Oct, 2005

7. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –XIII July, 2005

8. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –XII July, 2005

9. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –XI July, 2005

10. Neella Muchetta III news letter- 2005 Aug, 2005

11. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –X July, 2005

12. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –IX July, 2005

13. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –VIII June, 2005

14. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –VII June, 2005

15. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –VI June, 2005

16. Neella Muchetta II news letter – 2005 May, 2005

17. Neella Muchetta I news letter – 2005 Feb, 2005

18. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –V June, 2005

19. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –IV May, 2005

20. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –III May, 2005

21. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –II May, 2005

22. TOT-FFS news letters - 2005 –I May, 2005

Books:

1. FWS (FWS) Manual Aug, 2008

2. Information Kiosk Manual Aug, 2008

3. The Trail of Change (Telugu) Sept, 2006

4. Nourishing Traditions (Local Greens) Oct, 2006

5. The Trail of Change (English)

(Villages view point on APFAMGS intervention) Sept, 2006

6. Data Products Catalogue "AGUA" Jun, 2006

7. Process Document establishment of GMC Sept, 2005

8. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Report Aug, 2006

9. Training Manual on GIS – 2005 2005

10. Chinneru Base Document – 2005 2005

11. Reference Material Water Management 2005

12. FAO Project Document (Telugu) – 2004 2004

13. FAO Project Document (English) – 2004 2004

Internal Notes:

1. Impact study on AGR (Draft) Sept, 2006

2. Geographical Information System – GIS Sept, 2006

3. Note on APFAMGS Project Website www.apfamgs.org Sept, 2006

4. Habitation Resource Information System (HRIS+) Sept, 2006

5. Technology and knowledge for gender equity and justice Sept, 2006

6. Concept Papers - Water Based Institution Mar, 2006

7. Concept Papers - Gender in Water Mar, 2006

8. Concept Papers – Agriculture Mar, 2006

9. Concept Papers - Groundwater Management Mar, 2006

10. Concept paper Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Mar, 2006

Terminal Report 73

Articles/Study Reports/Papers

1. Mani K. A. S, Rao P. S, and. Govardhan Das S. V., Rural Information Kiosk -Taking IT to farmers

for improving crop water efficiency in areas subjected to groundwater distress - an FAO-India

initiative Presented at the Science Forum 2009 in Global Forum on Agriculture Research (GFAR),

Wageningen, The Netherlands on 16 and 17 June 2009

2. Govardhan Das SV, Rao PS and Mani KAS, Hydrological data as a farm-level decision making tool

– Experiences from a FAO project in Andhra Pradesh, India, Presented at the Fifth World Water

Forum, Istanbul, Turkey (16-22 March 2009)

3. Govardhan Das SV, Rao PS and Mani KAS, LAO145RAPFT2, Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed

Groundwater Systems Project: Demystifying Science for Sustainable Development, presented to

the Jury of Kyoto Grand Prize on March 20,2006, the Fourth World Water Forum, Mexico (16-22

March 2006)

4. Govardhan Das SV, Rao PS and Mani KAS, LAO145RAPFT2, Andhra Pradesh Farmer Managed

Groundwater Systems Project : a case study on capacity building and social learning to manage

risks, paper presented in the Side Event organized by CPWC, ISET and WWI, on march 21 2006,

the Fourth World Water Forum, Mexico (16-22 March 2006)

5. Govardhan Das SV, Rao PS and Mani KAS, Combating Poverty and Distress in India, paper

presented at the 128th Session of International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural

Development (ICARRD): New Challenges and Options for Revitalizing Rural Communities, 7-10

March 2006, Brazil (Porto Alegre, Rio Grande de Sul).

6. Govardhan Das SV., and Somasekhara Rao P. Importance of Hydrological Monitoring in

Watershed Management: Experiences from APFAMGS Project, Paper Presented at Watershed

Summit: Contradictions and Challenges (Chandigarh-India, November 25-27, 2005), organized

by Department Agriculture, Government of Haryana (India), under Integrated Watershed

Development project (World Bank funded). 2004.

7. Somasekhar Rao P., Govardhan Das S.V., Arjun Kumar I., and Radha krishna P., Monitoring and

Evaluation of Capacity Development programme as part of APFAMGS Project, India, Workshop

Proceedings on Monitoring and Evaluation of Capacity Development Strategies in Agriculture

Water Management, 14 September, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, IPTRID Secretariat, FAO, Rome,

2007.

8. Govardhan Das S.V., Paul Raja Rao V., and Somasekhara Rao P. Andhra Pradesh Farmer

managed Groundwater Systems Project – Project Document, Bharathi Integrated Rural

Development Society (BIRDS), the Nodal NGO of the project. 2003

Audios: Jalachakram

Videos: Nine Video films on Project Activites

Posters: Rural Information Kiosk

74                         Terminal Report  

Brochures:

1. Participatory Hydrological Monitoring (PHM) Feb, 2009

2. Linkages with Government Feb, 2009

3. FWS (FWS) Feb, 2009

4. Empowerment of Farmers knowledge through Information Kiosk

Rural Decision Support System Feb, 2009

5. Success in Managing Groundwater Distress Feb, 2009

6. People's Institution Managing Groundwater Distress Feb, 2009

7. Initiative in Managing Groundwater Distress Feb, 2009

8. Demand Side Management of Groundwater Sept, 2009

9. Botanical Pesticide (pamphlet) May, 2007

10. Soil sampling (pamphlet) May, 2007

11. IWM (pamphlet) May, 2007

12. Soil Reclamation (pamphlet) May, 2007

13. Organic Farming - 1 (pamphlet) May, 2007

14. Organic Farming (pamphlet) May, 2007

15. Mulching (pamphlet) May, 2007

16. Water requirement & sensitive stages (pamphlet) May, 2007

17. Storage of Food Grains (pamphlet) May, 2007

18. Vermi Compost (pamphlet) May, 2007

19. Integrated Water Management - 2 (pamphlet) May, 2007

20. News room FAO web site (Telugu) Aug, 2006

21. News room FAO web site (English) May, 2006

22. APFAMGS Brochure (German) Mar, 2006

23. Project Brochure – 2005 2005

24. Project Brochure (Telugu) – 2003 2004

25. Project Brochure (English) – 2003 2004