Andrea ServidaDeputy Head of Unit

European CommissionDG INFSO-A3

Andrea.servida@ec.europa.eu

Security and resilience in Security and resilience in Information Society: Information Society:

towards a CIIP policy in the EUtowards a CIIP policy in the EU

What’s ahead: What’s ahead: mobile & ubiquitous Information Societymobile & ubiquitous Information Society

Broaden communication parties, networking, and business opportunities

B3G Radio Access

B3G Mobile Network

Ubiquitous Ubiquitous WorldWorld

Networks with low performance devices(e.g. RF tags and sensors)

Mobile WorldMobile World

(Real World)

Networks with high performance devices(e.g. home appliances)

Mobile NW Ubiquitous Local NW

Mobile-Ubiquitous NW

Mobile EdgeMobile Edge

Network and information security:Network and information security:The European ContextThe European Context

• Strategy for a Secure Information Society [COM(2006)251]

• Policy initiatives on:– fighting against spam, spyware and malware

[COM(2006)688]– promoting data protection by PET [COM(2007)228]– fighting against cyber crime [COM(2007)267]

• Proposed package to reform the Regulatory Framework for e-communications [COM(2007)697, COM(2007)698, COM(2007) 699]

• European Network and Information Security Agency, (ENISA) established in 2004

• A policy initiative on CIIP is announced in the CLWP 2008 [COM(2007) 640]

Towards a secure Information SocietyTowards a secure Information Society

DIALOGUEstructured and

multi-stakeholder

Open & inclusivemulti-stakeholder

debate

EMPOWERMENTcommitment to responsibilities

of all actors involved

PARTNERSHIPgreater awareness &better understanding

of the challenges

CIP at the EU levelCIP at the EU level

• In June 2004, the European Council asked for an overall strategy to protect critical infrastructures

• On 17 November 2005, the Commission adopted a Green Paper on the policy options for a European Programme on Critical Infrastructure Protection (COM(2005)576)– Contributions from 22 Member States and over 100

private companies and industry associations– need for action at the European level to enhance the

protection and resilience of critical infrastructures

• In December 2006 the Commission adopted – a communication and– a proposal for a directive on the identification and

designation of European Critical Infrastructure

Dialogue & Partnership:Dialogue & Partnership:CLWP 2008 Policy initiative on CIIPCLWP 2008 Policy initiative on CIIP

• Objectives– Enhance the level of CIIP preparedness and response

across the EU– Ensure that adequate and consistent levels of

preventive, detection, emergency and recovery measures are put in operation

• Approach – Build on national and private sector initiatives– Engage relevant public and private stakeholders– Adopt All-hazards– Strengthen the synergies between 1st and 3rd pillar

measures

Dialogue & Partnership: Dialogue & Partnership: Challenges for CIIPChallenges for CIIP

• Organisational: build trusted relationships and engage the stakeholders at the EU level

• Policy orientations: achieve a better understanding and clarity on the guiding policy principles

• Issues: – National vs. European information Infrastructures (criteria); – long-term Internet stability & resilience; – preventive, detection/early warning & responsive

measures; – recovery and continuity strategies;– sharing knowledge and good practices;– cross-sectors proactive information assurance methods;– risk management culture and tools;– inter-dependencies, in particular across heterogeneous

infrastructures; etc.

CIIP - Preparatory activities (1)CIIP - Preparatory activities (1)

• 2006 – Study on “Availability and Robustness of Electronic

Communications Infrastructures” (ARECI)

• 2007 – Informal meeting of National experts on CIIP –

Brussels, 19 January 2007– Public consultation on the final ARECI report drafted

by Alcatel-Lucent - April 2007– Joint Member States and private sector meeting o–

Brussels, 18 June 2007”– Workshop on “cc TLD’s Contingency practices”,

19/09/2007– Workshop on challenges for awareness raising,

07/12/2007– Study on “Critical dependencies of energy, finance

and transport infrastructures on ICT infrastructures (under negotiation)

CIIP - Preparatory activities (2)CIIP - Preparatory activities (2)

• 2008– Workshop on “Learning from large scale

attacks on the Internet: policy implications”, Brussels, 17 January 2008;

– Meeting with MS on the criteria to identify European Critical Infrastructures in the ICT sector, Brussels, 5 February 2008;

– Planned studies and projects funded under EPCIP financial scheme: "Prevention, Preparedness and Consequence Management of Terrorism and other Security Related Risks“

Workshop on “Learning from large Workshop on “Learning from large scale attacks on the Internet:scale attacks on the Internet:

policy implicationspolicy implications

• Objectives– Foster discussions on lessons learnt and best

practices– Raise awareness on further Internet security issues– Discuss and investigate the value of:

• EU cooperation• International cooperation• Public Private Partnership

• Attendance– 86 participants

• 57 delegates from EU MS + EFTA from ministries of defence, interior affairs, industry, communications, finance, and Telecom National Regulatory Authorities

• 12 experts from academia and industry

Lessons learned Lessons learned critical issues to be consideredcritical issues to be considered

– Availability and reliability of the DNS service underpinning the resolution of web names

– Security of traffic exchange between operators (in particular IXP)

– Increased complexity: sophistication of attacks; professional malware’s development cycle; commercial-alike distribution pattern (malware toolkits)

– Web pages are becoming the vector for infections– Increased targeted attacks– Information Asymmetry between attackers and

targets– Attacks exploit P2P and increasingly WEB 2.0

Lessons learned Lessons learned current situationcurrent situation

– The distributed nature of the Internet• Enhances its resilience • But also provides structural vulnerability

public policy should respect this distributed nature

– Critical trends• Computers at the edges are more and more part of the

global infrastructure • The distributed nature of P2P is more and more exploited to

decentralise the command of malware- Attackers are hard if not impossible to identify– Internet’s security is a shared responsibility

• Every stakeholder has a role and responsibility• Ones security brings more benefits to others

Hence, the question of the incentives for stakeholders to adopt security measures

Lessons learned Lessons learned the way forward (1/2)the way forward (1/2)

– Build resilience / Harden the infrastructure• Servers and links redundancy, Anycast• Security of routing protocol / traffic exchange• Security of DNS service

– Profiling attackers and understanding their objectives (know your enemies)

– Response preparedness• National contingency plan for the Internet• Cyber exercises on National/international level are crucial• Strengthen multinational cooperation for rapid response

(formal rather than informal) Importance of CERTs/CSIRTs and their role for national and

international cooperation– Measurement - monitoring of traffic to

understand what is going on• Computers at the edges could be leveraged to build

collective intelligence

Lessons learned Lessons learned the way forward (2/2)the way forward (2/2)

– Technology will not be sufficient– Study the economics of security and cyber

crime– Set-up Public Private Partnership (PPP)

• Importance of the role of government, which is to coordinate and be a good user

– Develop cross-sector and cross-organisational cooperation on National, EU and international levels

– Agree on responsibility’s allocation– Information and best practices sharing

importance of trust– Raising awareness and education of individuals,

public bodies, corporate users and service providers

CIIP – next stepsCIIP – next steps

• Criteria for the ICT sector• Questionnaire out response by mid-March • Comments to JRC report by mid-March • Next meeting mid-May (tentative)• Time Frame: end 2008

• Survey on MS Policy approaches on CIIP• Focus on i) definitions/criteria; ii) risk

assessment activities; iii) incident response capability; iv) Public Private Partnership; v) International dimension

• Questionnaire ou response by mid-March • Report: second half of 2008

• Thematic workshops• Meetings with Member States• Call for tenders & proposals (next slides)• A Commission policy on CIIP in early

2009

CIIP – Planned public procurements CIIP – Planned public procurements EPCIP financial schemeEPCIP financial scheme

• 2008– In cooperation with DG JLS, three planned

studies to:• Analyse and improve emergency preparedness

in the field of fixed and mobile telecommunications and Internet (400 k€);

• Identify rationale and propose criteria to designate European CII in the sub-sectors of information system and network protection, Internet, fixed and mobile telecommunications (500 k€) and,

• Idem in the sub sectors of instrumentation automation and control systems (350 k€ - via arrangements with JRC);

CIIP – Planned calls for proposals CIIP – Planned calls for proposals EPCIP financial schemeEPCIP financial scheme

• 2008– In cooperation with DG JLS, calls on:

• Analysis of new media capabilities and identification of requirements to ensure critical communications between authorities and the public

• Prototype of a European multilingual information sharing and alert system to provide appropriate and timely information via dedicated е-security web portals on threats, risks and alerts as well as on best practices.

• Analysis of the dependency on electrical power of modern ICT infrastructures supporting the Internet as well as fixed and mobile telecommunications networks;

• Supporting information sharing in the context of the Directive 2006/24/EC on the retention of data generated or processed in connection with the provision of publicly available electronic communications services or networks and amending Directive 2002/58/EC

Web SitesWeb Sites

DG INFSO Web site on the EU policy on secure Information

Societyhttp://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/nis/index_en.htm

Page on CIIPhttp://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/nis/strategy/activities/ciip/large_scale/index_en.htm