I.E.T MJP ROHILKHAND UNIVERSITY

Prepared byMITHILESH RAJBHAR

Roll no-13CS22

Contents• Introduction of android• Android architecture• Security• Features of android• Android versions• Advantages of android• Disadvantage of android• Conclusion• Reference

IntroductionAndroid is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Android's user interface is mainly based on direct manipulation, using touch gestures that loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping, tapping and pinching, to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard for text input. In addition to touchscreen devices, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface. Variants of Android are also used on notebooks, game consoles, digital cameras, and other electronics.

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

The software stack is split into Four Layers::

• The application layer

• The application framework

• The libraries and runtime

• The kernel

Application

Home contacts Phone Browser …

Application FrameworkActivitymanager

Window manager

Content provider …

Package manager

Telephone manager

Resource manager

Location manager

Notification managers

Core Libraries

Dalvik Virtual Machine

Native Libraries

Android runtime

Linux kernelDisplay driver Camera driver Flash driver Binder driver

Keypad driver Wi-fi driver Audio driver Power management

APPLICATION LAYER

•The first layer on top is Applications.

•The includes the home application,contacts application , the browser, and apps.

•It is the most upper layer in android architecture.

•All the applications like camera, Google maps, browser,sms,calendars,contacts are native applications. These applications works with end user with the help of application framework to operate.

Application Framework

The Application Framework layer provides many higher-level services to applications in the form of Java classes. Application developers are allowed to make use of these services in their applications.

These are as follows:-• Activity manager:-It manages the lifecycle of applications. It enable proper

management of all the activities. All the activities are controlled by activity manager.• Resource manager:-It provides access to non-code resources such as graphics etc.• Notification manager:-It enables all applications to display custom alerts in status bar.• Location manager:-This class provides access to the system location services• Package manager:-It is use to retrieve the data about installed packages on device.• Window manager:-It is use to create views and layouts.• Telephony manager:-It is use to handle settings of network connection and all

information about services on device.• Content provider:-They handle data and database management issues.

NATIVE LIBRARIES

Android has its own libraries, which is written in C/C++. These libraries cannot be accessed directly. With the help of application framework, we can access these libraries. There are many libraries like web libraries to access web browsers, libraries for android and video formats etc.

Native Libraries

Android Run Time

• Core libraries which enable Android application developers to write Android applications using standard Java programming language.

• Dalvik Virtual Machine which is a kind of Java Virtual Machine specially designed and optimized for Android

LINUX KERNEL

Linux kernelDisplay driver Camera driver Flash driver Binder driver

Keypad driver Wi-fi driver Audio driver Power management

•The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel. • This layer is core of android architecture. It provides service like power management, memory management, security etc.• It helps in software or hardware binding for better communication.

Android Application Development

Android studioAndroid

SDK

AndroidEmulator

AndroidMobileDevice

Cont..

Android Manifest

Resource XML

Java Source

Generated Class

JDK Compiler

Android Libraries

.dexFile

DalvikVM

APPLICATION LIFE CYCLE

Security

• Android is a multi-process system, in which each application (and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security between applications and the system is enforced at the process level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs that are assigned to applications.

• Android is designed having multi layer security which provides flexibility for this platform. When attackers attempt attack on device, android platform help to reduce the portability of the attack.

There are key components of android security which are described as follows:

Design review:-When a security model is designed then it will be reviewed by the developers so that risk level will be very less while using the model.Code review and penetrating testing:- The goal of this code review is that in which it will be checked that how the system will become strong?Open source and community review:- Android uses open source technologies that have significant external review such as Linux kernel.

FEATURES OF ANDROID• Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off• Developer logging and analyzing enhancements• It is optimized for mobile devices.• It enables reuse and replacement of components.• Java support ,media support, multi touch, video

calling,multi tasking ,voice based features, screen capture, camera ,bluetooth,gps,compass and accelerometer,3G

Android vs windows phones Android Windows Phone

Company/ Developer Google Microsoft

Programmed in Java, C, C++ C, C++

OS family Unix-like Windows

Initial release September 23, 2008 October 21, 2010

Supported platforms ARM, MIPS, x86, I.MX x86

License Apache License 2.0Linux kernel patches under GNU GPL v2

Commercial proprietary software

Default user interface Graphical (Multi-touch) Graphical (Metro UI)

Android os vs iphone os?Andriod os Iphone os

We can set any app as a default on androidAndroid just drag and drop for syncing by using USB cable on computerWhile Google charges for Andriod developer only $5Andriod os have flash supportOn Androird,on which you are notified of an email as soon as it arrives

It is impossible on Iphone,

Iphone syncing only with iTunesApple charges for the App Developers $100While the iphone only has html5 support The email system on the iphone is horrible

Versions of andriodAndriod 1.0 23 September 2008Andriod 1.1 9 February 2009Andriod 1.5 (Cupcake) 30 April 2009Andriod 1.6 (Donut) 15 September 2009 Andriod 2.0 (Éclair) 26 October 2009Andriod 2.2 (Froyo) 20 May 2010Andriod 2.3 (Gingerbread) 6 December 2010Andriod 3.0 (Honeycomb) 10 May 2011Andriod 4.0 19 October 2011(Ice Cream Sandwich) Andriod 4.1 ,4.2,4.3 13 July 2012(Jelly bean)Andriod 4.4 (Kitkat) 31 October 2013

Latest android version

• Marshmallow(android 6)• Nougat(android 7)

ADVANTAGES

•The ability for anyone to customize the Google Android platform•It gives you better notification.•It lets you choose your hardware.•It has better app market(1,80,000 application)•A more mature platform• With the support of many applications, the user can change the screen display.•With Google chrome you can open many window at once.• Supports all Google services: Android operating system supports all of Google services ranging from Gmail to Google reader. all Google services can you have with one operating system, namely Android.

DIS-ADVANTAGES• Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes there are

malware. • Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of "process" in the

background causing the battery quickly drains. • Sometimes slow device company issued an official version of

Android your own .• Extremely inconsistence in design among apps.• Very unstable and often hang or crash

Conclusion

Android is a disruptive technology, which was introduced initially on mobile handsets, but has much wider potential.

References• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_syst

em)• http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overvi

ew.html• http://www.android.com

THANK YOU