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8/17/2019 Anemia Karena Kelainan Pada Sel Darah Merah
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Anemia Karena Kelainan Pada Sel Darah Merah
DEFINISI
Penghancuran sel darah merah bisa terjadi karena:
- sel darah merah memiliki kelainan bentuk - sel darah merah memiliki selaput ang lemah dan mudah r!bek
- kekurangan en"im ang diperlukan supaa bisa ber#ungsi sebagaimana mestina dan en"im
ang menjaga kelenturan sehingga memungkinkan sel darah merah mengalir melalui
pembuluh darah ang sempit$
Kelainan sel darah merah tersebut terjadi pada penakit keturunan tertentu$
SFE%&SI'&SIS (E%EDI'E%$
S#er!sit!sis (erediter adalah penakit keturunan dimana sel darah merah berbentuk bulat$
Sel darah merah ang bentukna berubah dan kaku terperangkap dan dihancurkan dalam
limpa) menebabkan anemia dan pembesaran limpa$
Anemia biasana ringan) tetapi bisa semakin berat jika terjadi in#eksi$
S#er!sit!sis
*ika penakit ini berat) bisa terjadi:
- sakit kuning +jaundice,
- anemia
- pembesaran hati
- pembentukan batu empedu$
Pada deasa muda) penakit ini sering dikelirukan sebagai hepatitis$
.isa terjadi kelainan bentuk tulang) seperti tulang tengk!rak ang berbentuk seperti menara
dan kelebihan jari tangan dan kaki$
.iasana tidak diperlukan peng!batan) tetapi anemia ang berat mungkin memerlukan
tindakan pengangkatan limpa$
'indakan ini tidak memperbaiki bentuk sel darah merah) tetapi mengurangi jumlah sel ang
dihancurkan dan karena itu memperbaiki anemia$
E/IP'&SI'&SIS (E%EDI'E%$
Elipt!sit!sis (erediter adalah penakit ang jarang terjadi) dimana sel darah merah berbentuk
!0al atau elips$
Sel darah merah berbentuk elips
Penaki ini kadang menebabkan anemia ringan) tetapi tidak memerlukan peng!batan$
Pada anemia ang berat mungkin perlu dilakukan pengangkatan limpa$
8/17/2019 Anemia Karena Kelainan Pada Sel Darah Merah
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KEK1%AN2N 23PD
Kekurangan 23PD adalah suatu penakit dimana en"im 23PD +gluk!sa 3 #!s#at
dehidr!genase, hilang dari selaput sel darah merah$
En"im 23PD membantu meng!lah gluk!sa +gula sederhana ang merupakan sumber energi
utama untuk sel darah merah, dan membantu menghasilkan glutati!n +mencegah pecahna
sel,$
Penakit keturunan ini hampir selalu menerang pria$
.eberapa penderita ang mengalami kekurangan en"im 23PD tidak pernah menderita
anemia$
(al-hal ang bisa memicu penghancuran sel darah merah) aitu:
- demam
- in#eksi 0irus atau bakteri- krisis diabetes
- bahan tertentu +misalna aspirin) 0itamin K dan kacang merah,
bisa menebabkan anemia$
Anemia bisa dicegah dengan menghindari hal-hal tersebut$
'idak ada peng!batan ang dapat menembuhkan kekurangan 23PD$
sumber : Ap!tik !nline dan media in#!rmasi !bat - penakit :: m e d i c a s t ! r e $ c ! m
http://www.medicastore.com/http://www.medicastore.com/
8/17/2019 Anemia Karena Kelainan Pada Sel Darah Merah
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G6PD Deficiency Information Website
(Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
G6PD Deficiency) a dis!rder in0!l0ing the 4-chr!m!s!me) as !nce th!ught t! be smpt!matic !nl inmen$ 23PD De#icienc is n! kn!n t! be slightl m!re c!mm!n in !men than men th!ugh thesmpt!ms are generall n!t as se0ere unless b!th 4-chr!m!s!mes are a##ected$ 5hen it as disc!0ered
that 23PD De#icienc as a genetic dis!rder in 6789 b the late Dr$ .eutler et al) the th!ught it as a
recessi0e dis!rder$ Since !men ha0e t! c!pies !# the 4-chr!m!s!me) the belie0ed !men !uld n!t be a##ected unless .&'( chr!m!s!mes had the 23PD De#icienc mutati!n$ %ecent #indings h!e0er ha0e
sh!n that it is N&' recessi0e and !men ith !nl !ne a##ected chr!m!s!me 0ar in se0erit #r!m mild
t! se0ere$ See 5!men and 23PD De#icienc$
'he m!st n!table smpt!m !# 23PD De#icienc is hem!ltic anemia caused b ingesti!n !# drugs) #!!d
and !ther substances) kn!n as triggers) hich cause !idati0e stress$ 23PD De#icienc is in #act the m!st
c!mm!n genetic en"me de#icienc a##ecting an estimated 3;; milli!n pe!ple !rld ide$
F!r th!se un#amiliar ith 23PD De#icienc) the best place t! start is ith the 23PD De#icienc &0er0ie
page$ 'he m!st imp!rtant thing t! learn is that certain drugs) #!!ds and !ther substances) or triggers,
cause those with G6PD Deficiency or a!ism to lose red blood cells$ F!r a list !# these c!ntraindicatedsubstances) g! t! !ur
G6PD Deficiency "auses
Simpl put) it is an inherited dis!rder and cann!t be c!ntracted in an !ther a$ See the Inheritance page #!r m!re in#!rmati!n$
Diagnosing G6PD Deficiency'he diagn!sis !# 23PD de#icienc is made b a =uantitati0e spectr!ph!t!metric analsis !r) m!re
c!mm!nl) b a rapid #lu!rescent sp!t test detecting the generati!n !# NADP( #r!m NADP$ 'he test is p!siti0e i# the bl!!d sp!t #ails t! #lu!resce under ultra0i!let light$ In #ield research) here =uick screening
!# a large number !# patients is needed) !ther tests ha0e been used) h!e0er) the re=uire de#initi0e testingt! c!n#irm an abn!rmal result$ 'ests based !n p!lmerase chain reacti!n detect speci#ic mutati!ns and are
used #!r p!pulati!n screening) #amil studies) !r prenatal diagn!sis$
Diagnostic problemsIn patients ith acute hem!lsis) testing #!r 23PD de#icienc ma be rep!rted #alsel negati0e because
!lder erthr!ctes ith a higher en"me de#icienc ha0e been hem!l"ed$ >!ung erthr!ctes and
reticul!ctes ha0e n!rmal !r near-n!rmal en"me acti0it$ Female heter!"g!tes ma be hard t! diagn!se because !# 4-chr!m!s!me m!saicism leading t! a partial de#icienc that ill n!t be detected reliabl ith
s!me screening tests$
Worldwide G6PD Deficiency Pre!elenceApr!imatel 3;; milli!n pe!ple +6; percent !# the p!pulati!n, !rld ide are 23PD De#icient$ It is m!st
c!mm!n am!ng pe!ple !# Mediterranean) A#rican) Asian and Middle Eastern decent th!ugh recent data
pr!duced b m!dern testing is n!t a0ailable$ 'his ebsite gets 0isits #r!m alm!st e0er c!untr !n earth$'he !nl c!untries n!t represented are 0er techn!l!gicall challenged$ Ne 23PD De#icienc tests are
much m!re accurate and suggest the number !# 23PD De#icient pe!ple is higher than n! rep!rted)
especiall in !men$ As an eample) the Philippines) hich sh!ed #e !r n! cases !n 23PD De#iciencdistributi!n maps) n! that neb!rn screening has been implemented) is rep!rting that 6?@ !# its
p!pulati!n is a##ected$
G6PD Deficiency #ariants
http://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=womenhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=womenhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=hemolytic-anemiahttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=overviewhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=overviewhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=favismhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=favismhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=hemolytic-anemiahttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=hemolytic-anemiahttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=contraindicatedhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=contraindicatedhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=inherithttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=inherithttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=inherithttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=womenhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=hemolytic-anemiahttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=overviewhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=overviewhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=favismhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=hemolytic-anemiahttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=contraindicatedhttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=inherithttp://g6pddeficiency.org/index.php?cmd=inherit
8/17/2019 Anemia Karena Kelainan Pada Sel Darah Merah
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M!re than ; di##erent 0ariants !# 23PD De#icienc ha0e been identi#ied s! #ar ranging #r!m se0ere
de#icienc t! mild$ M!re than B; !# them are acc!mpanied b