ANGGOTA FILUM CHORDATA

I GEDE SUDIRGAYASA

ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME

Notochord

Commonancestor ofchordates

Head

Vertebral column

Jaws, mineralized skeleton

Lungs or lung derivatives

Lobed fins

Limbs with digits

Amniotic egg

Milk

Echinodermata

Cephalochordata

Urochordata

Myxini

Petromyzontida

Chondrichthyes

Actinopterygii

Actinistia

Dipnoi

Amphibia

Reptilia

Mammalia

Ch

ord

ates

Cran

iates

Ve

rteb

rates

Gn

atho

stom

es

Oste

ichth

yans

Lob

e-fin

s

Tetrapo

ds

Am

nio

tes

FILOGENI KORDATA YANG MASIH ADA

What do you notice that is odd?

KRANIATA(KORDATA YANG MEMILIKI KEPALA)

ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME

Notochord

Commonancestor ofchordates

Head

Vertebral column

Jaws, mineralized skeleton

Lungs or lung derivatives

Lobed fins

Limbs with digits

Amniotic egg

Milk

Echinodermata

Cephalochordata

Urochordata

Myxini

Petromyzontida

Chondrichthyes

Actinopterygii

Actinistia

Dipnoi

Amphibia

Reptilia

Mammalia

Ch

ord

ates

Cran

iates

Ve

rteb

rates

Gn

atho

stom

es

Oste

ichth

yans

Lob

e-fin

s

Tetrapo

ds

Am

nio

tes

FILOGENI KORDATA YANG MASIH ADA

What do you notice that is odd?

Slime glands

HAGFISHES (IKAN PASUK)

Karakteristik Hagfishes

• Hagfishes memiliki tengkorak kartilago

• Tanpa rahang dan vertebrae

• Memiliki otak kecil, mata, telinga, dan bukaan nasal yang berhubungan dengan faring

• Mulut memiliki formasi serupa gigi dari protein keratin

• Hagfishes adalah hewan laut

• Sebagian besar pemakan bangkai dan ikan sakit

• Ada 30 spesies

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

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• Vid

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ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME

Notochord

Commonancestor ofchordates

Head

Vertebral column

Jaws, mineralized skeleton

Lungs or lung derivatives

Lobed fins

Limbs with digits

Amniotic egg

Milk

Echinodermata

Cephalochordata

Urochordata

Myxini

Petromyzontida

Chondrichthyes

Actinopterygii

Actinistia

Dipnoi

Amphibia

Reptilia

Mammalia

Ch

ord

ates

Cran

iates

Ve

rteb

rates

Gn

atho

stom

es

Oste

ichth

yans

Lob

e-fin

s

Tetrapo

ds

Am

nio

tes

REVIEW

What do you notice that is odd?

VERTEBRATA(KRANIATA YANG BERTULANG BLAKANG)

ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME

Notochord

Commonancestor ofchordates

Head

Vertebral column

Jaws, mineralized skeleton

Lungs or lung derivatives

Lobed fins

Limbs with digits

Amniotic egg

Milk

Echinodermata

Cephalochordata

Urochordata

Myxini

Petromyzontida

Chondrichthyes

Actinopterygii

Actinistia

Dipnoi

Amphibia

Reptilia

Mammalia

Ch

ord

ates

Cran

iates

Ve

rteb

rates

Gn

atho

stom

es

Oste

ichth

yans

Lob

e-fin

s

Tetrapo

ds

Am

nio

tes

FILOGENI KORDATA YANG MASIH ADA

What do you notice that is odd?

Lampreys

Karakteristik Lampreys

• Lampreys (Petromyzontida) merepresentasikan garis keturunan vertebrata tertua

• Ada sekitar 35 spesies

• Tidak berahang

• Hidup di air laut dan tawar

• Kebanyakan parasit

• Rangka kartilago

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 34.11

Dental elements(within head)

Conodonts were the first vertebrates with mineralized skeletal elements

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• VID

ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME

Notochord

Commonancestor ofchordates

Head

Vertebral column

Jaws, mineralized skeleton

Lungs or lung derivatives

Lobed fins

Limbs with digits

Amniotic egg

Milk

Echinodermata

Cephalochordata

Urochordata

Myxini

Petromyzontida

Chondrichthyes

Actinopterygii

Actinistia

Dipnoi

Amphibia

Reptilia

Mammalia

Ch

ord

ates

Cran

iates

Ve

rteb

rates

Gn

atho

stom

es

Oste

ichth

yans

Lob

e-fin

s

Tetrapo

ds

Am

nio

tes

REVIEW

What do you notice that is odd?

Gnatostoma (vertebrata yang berahang)

ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME

Notochord

Commonancestor ofchordates

Head

Vertebral column

Jaws, mineralized skeleton

Lungs or lung derivatives

Lobed fins

Limbs with digits

Amniotic egg

Milk

Echinodermata

Cephalochordata

Urochordata

Myxini

Petromyzontida

Chondrichthyes

Actinopterygii

Actinistia

Dipnoi

Amphibia

Reptilia

Mammalia

Ch

ord

ates

Cran

iates

Ve

rteb

rates

Gn

atho

stom

es

Oste

ichth

yans

Lob

e-fin

s

Tetrapo

ds

Am

nio

tes

FILOGENI KORDATA YANG MASIH ADA

What do you notice that is odd?

Gill slits Cranium

Skeletal rodsMouth

Hipotesisevolusi rahang vertebrata

Fossil of an early gnathostome.

0.5 m

Karakteristik gnatostoma

• Muncul sekitar periode ordovisium (470 jtl)

• Berahang

• Kembangkan sirip berpasangan dan ekor

• Otak depan berkembang lebih besar dari kraniata yang lain

• Indra penciuman dan pendengaran lebih baik

• Ada sistem gurat sisi

Chondrichthyans (Sharks, Rays, and Their Relatives)

• Chondrichthyans (Chondrichthyes) have a skeleton composed primarily of cartilage

• The largest and most diverse group of chondrichthyans includes the sharks, rays

• Masih ada sekitar 750 spesies

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

(a) Blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus)

(b) Southern stingray (Dasyatis americana)

(c) Spotted ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)

Dorsal fins

Pectoralfins Pelvic fins

Chondrichthyans(Sharks, Rays, and Their Relatives)

• Hiu dan pari terbesar adalah pemakan suspensi yang mengkonsumsi plankton

• Sebagian besar karnivor• Hiu memiliki indra yang tajam• Tapi buta warna• Lubang hidung Cuma untuk mencium, tidak

bernapas• Tidak punya gendang telinga• Daerah sekitar kulit kepala dapat deteksi medan

listrik dari hewan sekitarnya

• The reproductive tract, excretory system, and digestive tract empty into a common cloaca

• Shark eggs are fertilized internally but embryos can develop in different ways

– Oviparous: Eggs hatch outside the mother’s body– Ovoviviparous: The embryo develops within the uterus

and is nourished by the egg yolk– Viviparous: The embryo develops within the uterus

and is nourished through a yolk sac placenta from the mother’s blood

© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Hiu goblin

Hiu modern

• Hiu terancam punah

• Populasi hiu di atlantik barat laut berkurang 75% selama lebih dari 15 tahun

vid

• VID• VID• VID• VID• Vid• Vid• Vid• Vid• VID

ANCESTRALDEUTEROSTOME

Notochord

Commonancestor ofchordates

Head

Vertebral column

Jaws, mineralized skeleton

Lungs or lung derivatives

Lobed fins

Limbs with digits

Amniotic egg

Milk

Echinodermata

Cephalochordata

Urochordata

Myxini

Petromyzontida

Chondrichthyes

Actinopterygii

Actinistia

Dipnoi

Amphibia

Reptilia

Mammalia

Ch

ord

ates

Cran

iates

Ve

rteb

rates

Gn

atho

stom

es

Oste

ichth

yans

Lob

e-fin

s

Tetrapo

ds

Am

nio

tes

REVIEW

What do you notice that is odd?

SESI DISKUSI