Notes: Animals

Animal Characteristics

Heterotrophic – obtain food and energy by feeding

Multicellular – made of many cellsEukaryotic – contain a nucleus

Vertebrates – 5% of all animalsInvertebrates – 95 % of all animals

Types of Animal tissues4 Types1.Epithelial – skin2.Muscular - muscles3.Connective –blood and bone4.Nervous – nerve cells

Essential Animal Functions

1. Feeding Herbivores - manatee Carnivores – sharks, sea anemones Omnivores Detritivores – most bottom dwellers Filter feeders – sponges, clams, oysters

2. Respiration• Take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. • Many inverterbrates do this by diffusion. • Complex animals use gills or lungs.

Animal Functions, cont’d.3. Circulation – how materials move around

the animal. (diffusion or circulatory systems)

4. Excretion – removal of waste. Could be cells that pump waste out or organs. Waste is ammonia

5. Response – nerve cells. This could be a simple nerve net or complex nervous system.

6. Movement – some animals are sessile – stay attached to something their adult life. Others are motile – move by muscles or muscle-like tissue.

7. Reproduction – sexual or asexual. Many simple animals have the ability to do both.

Body SymmetryAsymmetrical – no body plan Ex.

SpongesRadial symmetry – body parts repeat

around the center. Ex. starfish Bilateral symmetry – body can be

divided up into two equal halves (left and right) Ex. whale

Cephalization – concentration of the sense organs at the front end of an animal. Not all animals show this.