Animal Kingdom Organ

8/12/2019 Animal Kingdom Organ

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Animal Kingdom

Organ level of organisation


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Well-developed organs e.g. pharynx,

eyespots, simple brain, complex

reproductive structures.

Simple nervous system ladder type.

Excretory structures, protonephridia with

specialised collecting cells called flame

cells.

Gastrovascular cavity, often extensively

branched.


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Roundworms

Roundworms contain a pseudocoelom

Member of this group cause diseases such

as elephantiasis


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Coelom.

A coelom is a body cavity surrounding the

digestive organ or system.

A coelom develops as a cavity within themesoderm. It is completely lined with mesoderm.

The organs are held in place by mesenteries.

Therefore more stable and less crowded. Can

become more complex.

The gut is muscular.


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It allows organs and body wall to move

independently. Coelom is fluid filled and this fluid protects

and cushions the internal organs.

Coelomic fluids can assist respiration,circulation and excretion.

Can act as a hydrostatic skeleton.

Allows animal to change shape.


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Molluscs.

Body has 3 parts;

Visceral mass; contains internal organs.

Mantle; may secrete a shell, gills or lungs

development.

Foot; locomotion, food capture or

attachment.

A radula is often present.


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Very successful; more than twice the

number of vertebrate species over 110,000

living species.

Most are marine but there are also fresh

water and land molluscs.

Nervous system: several ganglia connected

by nerve cords.


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Open circulatory system in most. Blue haemocyanin.

Some molluscs are slow moving and have

no head; others have a definite head andsense organs and are active predators.


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Bivalves

Clams, oysters, mussels, scallops

Foot is used for burrowing, production of

threads.

Some clams produce a certain type of larva

which is also produced by annelids.

Suggests a relationship between the two


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Cephalopods;

Squids, cuttlefish, octopuses, nautiluses

Fast swimming predators.

Closed circulatory system; efficient and

effectively circulates oxygen and nutrients

to body parts.


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Gastropods

Snails, whelks, periwinkles, slugs

Garden snails well adapted to terrestrial habitat.

Shell offers protection and prevents drying out Lubricating mucus makes movement easy.

Has a copulating organ

Hermaphrodite

Mantle becomes a lung

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Animal Kingdom Organ