Animals Chapter 4

Birds and Mammals

Birds

• Endotherms (warm-blooded)• Egg-laying vertebrates• 4 types

-perching birds – sparrows, robins etc. -bird of prey- owls, hawks etc. -waterfowl – ducks, geese etc. -flightless- penguins, ostrich etc.

Feathers

• Adapted for flight• Contour feathers – large,

broad• Down – small, used for

insulation• Not all birds fly

Which food goes with which bird?

                                        

                                                                      

                                        

                                                                        

        

A few feet• good for perching

• good for swimming

• good for capturing prey

Respiration

• Air sacs - give constant oxygen (fuel) - give enough energy for flight• lungs

Circulation

• Double-loop circulatory system keeps oxygenated blood separate from de-oxygenated blood

Bones

• Birds have “hollow” bone that makes them lightweight

• Have trusses inside bone for strength

Complex Behaviors

• Song - protects territory - mating - calling• Migrate

Flight adaptations

• Feathers and wings• Hollow bones• Keel and strong flight muscles• Large eyes• Increased heart rate• Increased respiration• High body temperature

What to do next

• Do section review on page 94 questions 1-5• Do section review on page 97 of your text

Class Mammalia

Characteristics of all Mammals

• Hair• Mammary Glands and a diaphragm• Most Sweat• Endothermic

Three ClassesBased on how the animals reproduce

• Monotremes• Marsupials• Placental

Monotremes-Echidnas and duck billed platypus

• Egg laying – leathery eggs• “furred reptiles” - Babies lick milk from

mother’s fur

Marsupials

• Pouched• Inside pouches are mammary glands• Infants are born not fully developed and move to pouch to

finish development• Different age babies can live in pouch at the same time• Live mostly in Australia, New Guinea, and South America• Kangaroos, opossums, koalas, Tasmanian devils, wallabies

Placental• Most mammals are placental• Embryos stay inside mother until fully developed• Babies are born like smaller adults• Placenta are special attachments from embryo to uterus• Placenta supplies food and oxygen• Placenta also removes waste• Gestation period is the time it takes for an embryo to develop• Gestation ranges from a few weeks to almost 2 years depending on the

species

Toothless Mammals

• Only anteaters are completely toothless.

• The rest have small teeth• Catch insects with long,

sticky tongues• Anteaters, aardvarks,

armadillos, sloth

Insect Eating

• Also called insectivores• Live everywhere except

Australia and Antarctica• Have very small brains• Few specialized teeth• thin long pointed nose

Rodents

• More than 1/3 of all mammals are rodents• Found everywhere except Antarctica• Most are small• Have long, sensitive whiskers• All rodents have sharp front teeth for gnawing

Lagomorphs (rabbits)

• Have sharp gnawing teeth• Have two sets of incisors in their upper jaws• Have short tails• Sensitive noses, large ears, and eyes to detect

predators

Flying Mammals

• Bats are the only mammals that can fly• Use echolocation to find prey• Nocternal• Flying squirrels ARE NOT part of this group!

Carnivores

• Meat eaters• Large canine teeth • Can be found in both land and water• Includes lions and seals

Hoofed Mammals

• Adapted for quick running• Large flat molars for grinding, Herbivores• Also known as Ungulates• Two groups based on number of toes

Odd Toed

• Order Perissodactyls• One or three toes• Horses, tapirs, rhinos• Tapirs have four toes on front but three on

back

Even Toed

• Order Artiodactyla• Two or four toes• Foot has greater flexibility than Odd Toed• Pigs, camels, cows, giraffes, hippos

Trunked-Nosed• Elephants are the only ones• Very agile trunk to pick up small objects• Three species – African Savanna, Asian, and African Forest• African Forest elephant is a newly name species• Herbivores• Largest land mammal• Two year gestation period• Poached for ivory

Cetaceans

• Whales, dolphins, porpoise• Use echolocation• Have lungs; blowholes are modified nostrils• Blubber• Some have teeth, some do not

Sirenia

• Manatees• Herbivores• AKA sea cows • Can live for over 70 years

Primates

• Binocular vision• Opposable thumbs• Color vision• Flattened nails• Specialized teeth for omnivore diet• Small noses so vision is very important