Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Methanol Extract of

Anisomeles indicum’s Leaves

Farah Azwani Saflan 1, Muhammad Taher 2, Deny Susanti 3

1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang.

2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang. 3 Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang.

Introduction

Methods

Conclusion

Objectives

References

Results & Discussion

1) To investigate the antimicrobial activities of methanol extract of

A. indica’s leaves against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and

B.cereus), Gram-negative bacteria (P. aeruginosa and E. coli)

and fungi (C. albicans and Aspergillus spp.)

2) To investigate the cytotoxic effects of methanol extract of A.

indica’s leaves on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF 7) and

human non-small cell lung carcinoma (H1299) cell lines.

• Hsieh, S. C., Fang, S. H., Rao, Y. K., & Tzeng, Y. M. (2008). Inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators and tumor cell

proliferation by Anisomeles indica extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 118(1), 65-70.

• Kundu, A., Saha, S., Walia, S., & Kour, C. (2013). Antioxidant and antifungal properties of the essential oil of

Anisomeles indica from India. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7(24), 1774-1779.

Table 2

MIC and MBC values of methanol extracts

of A. indica’s leaves

Current synthetic antimicrobial drugs are reported to be resistant

to microbial strains, increase of opportunistic infections, higher cost

in production and lead to adverse side effects to mankind. Besides

that, various modern treatments such as chemotherapy and

surgery that are used to treat cancer have limited effectiveness,

lead to adverse side effects and resistant to tumor cells. Therefore,

alternative medicine of microbial diseases and cancers from

natural products of plants are receive a great deal of attention.

Anisomeles indica (A. indica), which is commonly known as

Catmint in English is a species from Lamiaceae family. Studies

done by previous researchers reported that A. indica extracts

exhibited anti-inflammatory (Hsieh et al., 2008) and antioxidant

activities (Kundu et al., 2013).

Extract Preparation

- Methanol Extraction

(Cold Maceration)

Antimicrobial Activities

Agar Disc Diffusion

MIC

MBC

Statistical Analysis

Cytotoxicity Activity

MTT Assay

Statistical Analysis

Microorganisms A. indica’s extract (mg/mL) Positive

control 50 100 200

S. aureus 11.3 ± 0.6 15.3 ± 0.6 21.0 ± 1.0 24.7 ± 1.2

B. cereus 9.7 ± 0.6 14.7 ± 0.6 18.7 ± 1.2 27.3 ± 1.2

E. coli - - - 13.7 ± 1.2

P. aeruginosa - - - 13.0 ± 1.0

C. albicans - - - 28.0 ± 0.0

Aspergillus spp. - - - 9.7 ± 0.6

Microorganisms MIC

(mg/mL)

MBC

(mg/mL)

S. aureus 12.5 25

B. cereus 25 50

E. coli - -

P. aeruginosa - -

C. albicans - -

Aspergillus spp. - -

Table 1

Zone of inhibition (mm) of methanol extracts of A. indica’s

leaves

• Data are mean ± standard deviation of triplicate experiments. • - indicates no zone of inhibitons.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200 250

Pe

rce

nta

ge o

f C

ell V

iab

ility

(%

)

Concentration (μg/mL

Percentage of Cells Viability vs Concentration of Methanol Extracts of A. indica’s leaves

H1299

MCF 7

Figure 1

Percentage of MCF 7 and H1299 cells viability against methanol extract of A. indica’s leaves

Methanol extract of A. indica’s leaves shows potential antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria

(S. aureus and B. cereus) and no cytotoxic activities against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF 7) and

human non-small cells lung carcinoma (H1299) cell lines for concentration ranged 6.125-200 μg/mL and

24 hours treatment.

Antimicrobial Activities

Cytotoxic Activity

• - indicates not tested.