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Anita Sego Spring, 2005. Chapter Objectives. Describe the scope of the occupational safety and health problems in the United States and its importance to the community. Identify some of the pioneers in the prevention of occupational injuries and disease. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chap 18: Safety and Health in the Workplace
Anita Sego
Spring, 2005
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Chapter Objectives
• Describe the scope of the occupational safety and health problems in the United States and its importance to the community.
• Identify some of the pioneers in the prevention of occupational injuries and disease.
• Provide a short history of state and federal legislation on occupational safety and health.
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Chapter Objectives
• Explain the difference between occupational injuries and occupational diseases and give several examples of each.
• Discuss the types of injuries that frequently occur in the workplace and describe their occurrence with regards to person, place, and time.
• Briefly describe broad strategies for preventing injuries in the workplace.
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Chapter Objectives
• Identify the different types of occupational illnesses and disorders and list some of the causative agents.
• Outline some general strategies for controlling these diseases.
• List several occupational safety and health professions and describe what the professionals in each of these do.
• List and briefly describe several occupational safety and health programs for the workplace.
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Definitions
• Occupational disease– an abnormal condition, other than an
occupational injury, caused by an exposure to environmental factors associated with employment
• Occupational injury– an injury that results from exposure to a
single incident in the work environment
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Occupational Injuries, Diseases, & Deaths• Scope of the Problem
– estimated cost of $123 billion annually– 5.7 million injuries and illness during 1999– 9,000 US workers sustain disabling injuries– 17 die from work related injuries– 137 die from work related diseases
• Impact is beyond the workplace
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
History of Occupational Safety and Health Problems• 1561 De Re Metallica
• Industrial Revolution
• State Legislation– workers’ compensation laws
• Federal Legislation– Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970– National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health
Chap 18: Workplace SafetyHighlights of Federal Occupational Highlights of Federal Occupational Safety & Health LegislationSafety & Health Legislation
Highlights of Federal Occupational Highlights of Federal Occupational Safety & Health LegislationSafety & Health Legislation
Year Legislation
1908 Federal Workmen’s Compensation Act - limited coverage1916 Federal Highway Aid Act1926 Federal Workmen’s Compensation Act- include workers1927 Federal Longshoremen’s & Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act1936 Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act1952 Coal Mine Safety Act1959 Radiation Standards Act1960 Federal Hazardous Substances Labeling Act1966 National Traffic & Motor Vehicle Safety Act
Child Protection Act - banned hazardous household substances1967 National Commission on Product Safety created1968 Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act1969 Construction Safety Act
Coal Mine Health & Safety Act1970 Occupational Safety & Health Act
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Prevalence of Occupational Injuries, Disease, and Deaths• Recent trends
– Since 1990 decline in number of injuries and illnesses
– Goods-producing sector highest incidence– Workplace injury and illness rates cycle up
and down
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Unintentional Injuries
• Fatal Work-related Injuries– 17 fatal work-related injuries/day
• Nonfatal Work-related Injuries– 3.6 million occupational injuries and illnesses were
treated in emergency rooms in 1996
• Characteristics of Works– Age
• injuries highest for 18 - 19 year old• death rates highest for 65+ year old
– Gender– Poverty and Race
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Workplace Fatalities 1999
Others
Falls
Homicides
Struck by Object
Air, water, & rail
Struck by vehicle
Transportation (non-highway)
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Unintentional Injuries
• Geographic Differences– Alaska and Wyoming highest rates– Connecticut lowest rate
• Temporal Variations– 81% decline in injuries death between 1912 -
1999
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Workplace Injuries by Industry and Occupation• Fatal injuries by industry
– mining– agriculture– construction– transportation
• Nonfatal occupational injuries– goods-producing – service-producing
Chap 18: Workplace SafetyPrevention and Control of Unintentional Injuries in the Workplace• Reduction of injuries by:
– eliminating or modifying the job – changing the work environment– making machinery safer– improving the selection, training, and
education of workers
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Workplace Violence
• Categories– Criminal intent– Customer/client– Worker-on-worker– Personal relationship
• Risk Factors– location– time– type of work
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Workplace Violence
• Prevention Strategies
• Environmental Design– separate worker– better lighting– security system
• Administrative Controls– policies– procedures
• Behavior Strategies– training
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Occupational Illnesses and Disorders• Musculoskeletal Conditions
– repeated trauma
• Skin Disease & Disorders– allergic and irritant dermatitis
• Noise-induced Hearing Loss
• Respiratory Disorders– chronic nature– difficulty to recognize
• Other Work-Related Diseases and Disorders– poisoning and infections– anxiety, stress, or neurotic disorders
Chap 18: Workplace SafetyPrevention and Control of Occupational Diseases and Disorders• Agent-host-
environment model– Identification and
evaluation of agents– Procedures– Engineering controls– Protective devices– Surveillance
Agent Environment
Host
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Resources for PreventionSafety & Health
Professionals• Safety Engineers and
certified safety professional
• Health Physicists
• Industrial Hygienists
• Occupational Physicians
• Occupational Health Nurse
Occupational Safety and Health Programs
• Disease Prevention Programs
• Safety Programs
• Health Promotion Programs
• Employee Assistance Programs
Chap 18: Workplace Safety
Chapter 18
Safety and Healthin the Workplace