Anna Hazare - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia

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Anna Hazare

Anna Hazare in Nanded, Maharastra

Born Kisan Hazare

15 June 1937

Bhingar, Bombay Province,

British India

Nationality IndianOther names Kisan Baburao Hazare

Known for Indian anti-corruption movement

- 2012,

Indian anti-corruption movement

- 2011,

Watersheddevelopment

programmes,

Right to Information

Political

movement

Indian anti-corruption movement,

Peace movement

Children No

Parents Laxmibai Hazare

Baburao Hazare

Awards Padma Shri (1990)

Padma Bhushan (1992)

Websitewww.annahazare.org (http://www.annahazare.org)

Anna HazareFrom Wikipedia,the free encyclopedia

Kisan Baburao"Anna" Hazare( pronunciation ,

pronunciation ; born 15 June 1937) is an Indian social

activist who led movements to promote rural

development, increase government transparency, and

investigate and punish official corruption. In addition to

organising and encouraging grassroots movements,

Hazare frequently conducted hunger strikes to further his

causesa tactic reminiscent, to many, of the work of

Mohandas K. Gandhi.[1][2][3]Hazare also contributed to

the development and structuring of Ralegan Siddhi, a

village in Parner taluka of Ahmednagar district,

Maharashtra, India. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan

the third-highest civilianawardby the Government of

India in 1992 for his efforts in establishing this village as amodel for others.[4]

Anna Hazare started an indefinite hunger strike on 5 April

2011 to exert pressure on the Indian government to enact

a stringent anti-corruption law, The Lokpal Bill, 2011 as

envisaged in the Jan Lokpal Bill, for the institution of an

ombudsman with the power to deal with corruption in

public places. The fast led to nation-wide protests in

support. The fast ended on 9 April 2011, a day after the

government accepted Hazare's demands. The governmentissued a gazette notification on the formation of a joint

committee, consisting of government and civil society

representatives, to draft the legislation.[5][6]

Foreign Policy magazinenamed him among top 100

global thinkers in 2011.[7]Also in 2011 Anna was ranked

as the most influential person in Mumbai by a national

daily newspaper.[8]He has faced criticism for his

authoritarian views on justice, including death as

punishment for corrupt public officials and his alleged

support for forced vasectomies as a method of family

planning.[9][10]

Contents

1 Early life

2 Military service

3 Transformation of Ralegan Siddhi

3.1 Prohibition of alcohol

3.2 Grain Bank

3.3 Watershed development programme
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3.4 Milk production

3.5 Education

3.6 Removal of untouchability

3.7 Gram Sabha

4 Activism

4.1 Present activism

4.2 Anti-corruption protests in Maharashtra

4.3 Right to Information movement4.4 Regulation of Transfers and Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties Act

4.5 Campaign against liquor from food grains

4.6 Lokpal Bill movement

4.6.1 Hunger strike

4.6.2 Draft bill

4.6.3 Indefinite fast

4.6.4 Arrest and aftermath

4.6.5 Fast at Ramlila Maidan

4.6.6 I Am Anna Chant4.6.7 Fast on MMRDA ground

4.7 Electoral reform movement

4.8 Protest against atrocities against Swami Ramdev and his supporters

5 Controversies and criticism

5.1 Alleged link with Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

5.2 Views on Narendra Modi and Nitish Kumar

5.3 Accusations of corruption

5.4 Accusation of being anti-democratic and anti-Dalit

5.5 Accusation of being anti-Muslim

6 Conspiracy to murder Hazare

7 Honours, awards and international recognition

8 Film

9 Personal life

10 Writings

11 See also

12 References

13 Further reading

14 External links

Early life

Kisan Baburao Hazare was born on 15 June 1937 [11](some sources say 15 January 1940[12]) in Bhingar, near

Ahmednagar. He was the eldest son of Baburao Hazare and Laxmi Bai. He has two sisters and four brothers.

He later adopted the nameAnna, which in Marathi means "elder person" or "father".

His father worked as an unskilled labourer in Ayurveda Ashram Pharmacy[citation needed]and struggled to

support the family financially. In time, the family moved to their ancestral village of Ralegan Siddhi, where theyowned a small amount of agricultural land. A relative took on the burden of providing Kisan with an education,

taking him to Mumbai because the village had no primary school. The relative became unable financially to

continue the support and Kisan's schooling ended in the Standard Seventh grade; his siblings never attended
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school.[13]He started selling flowers at the Dadar railway station in Mumbai and eventually managed to own

two flower shops in the city.[14]He also became involved in vigilantism, joining groups who acted to prevent

landlords' thugs from intimidating the poor out of their shelter.[15]

Military service

Hazare was drafted in the Indian Army in April 1960, where he initially worked as an army truck driver and was

later attested as a soldier.[16]He undertook army training at Aurangabad.[13][17]

During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Hazare was posted at the border in the Khem Karan sector. He was

the sole survivor of an enemy attackvariously claimed to have been a bomb, an aerial assault and an exchange

of fire at the borderwhile he was driving a truck.[13][14][18]The experiences of wartime, coupled with the

poverty from which he had come, affected him. He considered suicide at one point but turned instead to

pondering the meaning of life and death.[13]He said of the truck attack, "[It] sent me thinking. I felt that God

wanted me to stay alive for some reason. I was reborn in the battlefield of Khem Karan. And I decided to

dedicate my new life to serving people."[14]At a book stand in New Delhi railway station, He came across

Swami Vivekananda's booklet "Call to the youth for nation building" which inspired him to think deeper. Hespent his spare time reading the works of Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi, and Vinoba Bhave. [19]In a blog post,

Hazare expressed his views on Kashmir by saying that it was his "active conviction that Kashmir is an integral

part of India" and that if required once again for service, he would remain "ready to take part in war against

Pakistan."[20]

During his fifteen year career in the army (196075),[16]Anna Hazare was posted at a number of locations,

including Punjab (Indo Pak war 1965), Nagaland, Bombay (1971) and Jammu (1974)[21]

During the Indo pak war, Hazare survived a road crash while driving for the army. He interpreted his survival as

a further sign that his life was intended to be dedicated to service. [15]He had another escape in Nagaland,

where one night, underground Naga rebels attacked his post and killed all the inmates. He had a miraculous

escape as he had gone out to return nature's call and hence turned out to be the lone survivor. [22]

Official records show that he was honourably discharged in 1975 after completing 12 years of service.[17]

Transformation of Ralegan Siddhi

Hazare returned to Ralegan Siddhi, a village then described by Satpathy and Mehta as "one of the many villages

of India plagued by acute poverty, deprivation, a fragile ecosystem, neglect and hopelessness."[23]

Although most of the villagers owned some land, cultivation was extremely difficult due to the rocky ground

preventing retention of the monsoon rains, this situation was worsened by gradual environmental deterioration as

trees were cut down, erosion spread and droughts were also experienced. The shortage of water also led to

disease from unsanitary conditions and water reuse for multiple purposes. The economy of the village had

become reliant on the illegal manufacture and sale of alcohol, a product on which many of the villagers had

become dependent. Many inhabitants borrowed from moneylenders to survive, paying monthly interest rates of

as much as 10%. Crime and violence (including domestic violence) had become commonplace, while education

and employment opportunities were poor.[15][24]

Hazare was relatively wealthy because of the gratuity from his army service. He set about using that money to

restore a run-down, vandalized village temple as a focal point for the community. Some were able to respond

with small financial donations but many other villagers, particularly among the elderly, donated their labour in a
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process that became known asshramdaan. Some youths also became involved in the work and these heorganised into a Tarun Mandal(Youth Association). One of the works of Vivekananda which he had read was

Call to the youth for nation building.[25]

Prohibition of alcohol

Hazare and the youth group decided to take up the issue of alcoholism to drive a process of reform. At a

meeting conducted in the temple, the villagers resolved to close down liquor dens and ban alcohol in the village.Since these resolutions were made in the temple, they became, in a sense, religious commitments. Over thirty

liquor brewing units voluntarily closed their establishments. Those who did not succumb to social pressure were

forced to close their businesses when the youth group smashed their premises. The owners could not complain

as their businesses were illegal.[26]

Drunken villagers were tied to pillars and then flogged, sometimes personally by Hazare. He justified this

punishment by stating that "rural India was a harsh society",[27]and that

Doesn't a mother administer bitter medicines to a sick child when she knows that the medicine can

cure her child? The child may not like the medicine, but the mother does it only because she caresfor the child. The alcoholics were punished so that their families would not be destroyed. [28]

Hazare appealed to the government of Maharashtra to pass a law whereby prohibition would come into force in

a village if 25% of the women in the village demanded it. In 2009 the state government amended the Bombay

Prohibition Act, 1949 to reflect this.[29]

It was decided to ban the sale of tobacco, cigarettes, and beedies (an unfiltered cigarette where the tobacco is

rolled in tendu also known as Diospyros melanoxylon leaves instead of paper) in the village. In order to

implement this resolution, the youth group performed a unique "Holi" ceremony twenty two years ago. The

festival of Holi is celebrated as a symbolic burning of evil. The youth group brought all the tobacco, cigarettes,and beedies from the shops in the village and burnt them in a Holi fire. Tobacco, cigarettes, or beedies are no

longer sold.[30][31]

Grain Bank

In 1980, Hazare started the Grain Bank at the temple, with the objective of providing food security to needy

farmers during times of drought or crop failure. Rich farmers, or those with surplus grain production, could

donate a quintal to the bank. In times of need, farmers could borrow the grain, but they had to return the amount

of grain they borrowed, plus an additional quintal as an interest. This ensured that nobody in the village everwent hungry or had to borrow money to buy grain. This also prevented distress sales of grain at lower prices at

harvest time.[13]

Watershed development programme

Ralegan Siddhi is located in the foothills, so Hazare persuaded villagers to construct a watershed embankment

and associated works to stop water and allow it to percolate and increase the ground water level and improve

irrigation in the area. These efforts solved the problem of water scarcity in the village and made irrigation

possible.[15][19]

Cultivation of water-intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oilseeds, and certain

cash crops with low water requirements replaced them. The farmers started growing high-yield varieties and

changed cropping pattern. Hazare has helped farmers of more than 70 villages in drought-prone regions in the
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state of Maharashtra since 1975.[32]When Hazare came to Ralegan Siddhi in 1975 only 70 acres (28 ha) of

land was irrigated, Hazare converted it into about 2,500 acres (1,000 ha).[26]

Milk production

As a secondary occupation, milk production was promoted in Ralegan Siddhi. Purchase of new cattle and

improvement of the existing breed with the help of artificial insemination and timely guidance and assistance by a

veterinarian improved the cattle stock, increasing milk production.[citation needed]

Education

In 1932, Ralegan Siddhi got its first formal school, a single classroom primary school. In 1962, the villagers

added more classrooms through community volunteer efforts. By 1971, out of an estimated population of 1,209,

only 30.43% were literate (72 women and 290 men). Boys moved to the nearby towns of Shirur and Parner to

pursue higher education, but girls were limited to primary education. Hazare, along with the youth of Ralegan

Siddhi, worked to increase literacy rates and education levels. In 1976 they started a pre-school and a high

school in 1979. The villagers formed a charitable trust, the Sant Yadavbaba Shikshan Prasarak Mandal,which was registered in 1979.[citation needed]

Removal of untouchability

The social barriers and discrimination that existed due to the caste system in India have been largely eliminated

by Ralegan Siddhi villagers. It was Hazare's moral leadership that motivated and inspired the villagers to shun

untouchability and caste discrimination. Marriages of Dalits are held as part of community marriage program

together with those of other castes. The Dalits have become integrated into the social and economic life of the

village. The upper caste villagers built houses for the lower caste Dalits byshramdaanand helped to repay their

loans.[33][34][35]

Gram Sabha

The Gandhian philosophy on rural development considers the Gram Sabha as an important democratic

institution for collective decision-making in the villages of India.[36]Hazare campaigned between 1998 and 2006

for amending the Gram Sabha Act, so that villagers have a say in the village's development. The state

government initially refused, but eventually gave in to public pressure. It became mandatory to seek the sanction

of the Gram Sabha (an assembly of all village adults, and not just the few elected representatives in the gram

panchayat) for expenditures on development works in the village.[29]

Activism

Present activism

On 9 August 2013, Anna's office announced his anti-corruption organisation Bhrashtachar Virodhi Jan Andolan

(BVJA) is no longer tackling corruption issues at a personal or social level. In an email circulated to India

Against Corruption's membership, the veteran Gandhian's office has clarified that Anna "is now focused on

Janlokpal, Right to Reject, Right to Recall, Farmers problems, Change in Education in System".[37]

Anti-corruption protests in Maharashtra
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Anna Hazare listening to the problems

of people at Nanded, Maharashtra

Anna Hazare's supporter's cap

which reads "I am Anna

Hazare"

In 1991 Hazare launched the

Bhrashtachar Virodhi Jan

Aandolan (BVJA, People's

Movement against Corruption), a

popular movement to fight against

corruption[38]in Ralegaon Siddhi.

In the same year he protested

against the collusion between 40forest officials and timber

merchants. This protest resulted in the transfer and suspension of

these officials.[39]

In May 1997 Hazare protested alleged malpractice in the purchase of powerlooms by the Vasantrao Naik

Bhathya Vimukt Jhtra Governor P. C. Alexander.[40]On 4 November 1997 Gholap filed a defamation suit

against Hazare for accusing him of corruption. He was arrested in April 1998 and was released on a personal

bond of 5000 (US$80).[41]On 9 September 1998 Hazare was imprisoned in the Yerawada Jail to serve a

three-month sentence mandated by the Mumbai Metropolitan Court.[18][42]The sentencing caused leaders of all

political parties except the BJP and the Shiv Sena to support him.[43]Later, due to public protests, the

Government of Maharashtra ordered his release. Hazare wrote a letter to then chief minister Manohar Joshi

demanding Gholap's removal for his role in alleged malpractices in the Awami Merchant Bank.[44]Gholap

resigned from the cabinet on 27 April 1999.[45]

In 2003 corruption charges were raised by Hazare against four NCP ministers of the Congress-NCP

government.[46]He started his fast unto death on 9 August 2003. He ended his fast on 17 August 2003 after

then chief minister Sushil Kumar Shinde formed a one-man commission headed by the retired justice P. B.

Sawant to probe his charges.[47]The P. B. Sawant commission report, submitted on 23 February 2005,

indicted Sureshdada Jain, Nawab Malik, and Padmasinh Patil. The report exonerated Vijaykumar Gavit. Jainand Malik resigned from the cabinet in March 2005.[48]

Three trusts headed by Anna Hazare were also indicted in the P. B. Sawant commission report. 220000

(US$3,370) spent by theHind Swaraj Trustfor Anna Hazare's birthday celebrations was concluded by the

commission as illegal and amounting to a corrupt practice,[49][50]though Abhay Firodia, an industrialist

subsequently donated 248000 (US$3,790) to the trust for that purpose.[51]The setting apart of 11 acres of its

land by the trust in favour of the Zilla Parishad without obtaining permission from the charity commissioner was

concluded as a case of maladministration. The commission also concluded that the maintenance of accounts of

theBhrashtachar Virodhi Janandolan Trustafter 10 November 2001 had not been according to the rules

and 46374 (US$710) spent by the Sant Yadavbaba Shikshan Prasarak Mandal Trustfor renovating atemple thwarted its object of imparting secular education.[49][50]

Right to Information movement

In the early 2000s Hazare led a movement in Maharashtra state which forced the state government to enact a

revised Maharashtra Right to Information Act. This Act was later considered as the base document for the Right

to Information Act 2005 (RTI), enacted by the Union Government. It also ensured that the President of India

assented to this new Act.[52]

On 20 July 2006 the Union Cabinet amended the Right to Information Act 2005 to exclude the file noting by the

government officials from its purview. Hazare began his fast unto death on 9 August 2006 in Alandi against the

proposed amendment. He ended his fast on 19 August 2006, after the government agreed to change its earlier

decision.[53]
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Regulation of Transfers and Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties

Act

Before 2006 in the state of Maharashtra, honest government officers were transferred to other places according

to ministerial wish, while some corrupt and favoured officials stayed put for decades. Anna fought hard for a law

whereby a government servant must clear a file within a specified time and that transfers must take place only

after three years. After many years of Anna's relentless efforts, on 25 May 2006 Maharashtra issued a

notification announcing the Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties Act 2006. This act provided fordisciplinary action against officials who move files slowly and enabled monitoring of officials who overstay a

post, and for involvement in a corrupt nexus.

This act mandated the government to effect transfers of all government officers and employees, except Class IV

workers, no sooner and no later than three years, except in emergency or exceptional circumstances.

Maharashtra was the first state to have introduced such an act.[29]However, like others, this law was not fully

followed.[54][55]

Campaign against liquor from food grains

Article 47 of India's Constitution commits the State to raise the standard of living, improve public health and

prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health.[56][57][58]

In 2007 Maharashtra rolled out a grain-based liquor policy aimed to encourage production of liquor from food

grain in light of the rising demand for spiritsused for industrial purposes and liquor. It issued 36 licenses for

distilleries for making alcohol from food grains.[58]

Anna Hazare opposed the government's policy to promote making liquor from food grains. He argued that

Maharashtra had to import food and referring to food grains observed that promoting producing liquor fromfood grains was nappropriate.[59]One of the State ministers Laxman Dhoble said in his speech that those

opposing the decision to allow use of food grains for the production of liquor were anti-farmers and that

opponents should be beaten with sugarcane sticks.[60][61]Hazare began fasting at Shirdi, but on 21 March 2010

the government promised to review the policy and Anna ended his 5-day fast. [62]But the government later

granted 36 licences and grants of 10 (15 US) (per litre of alcohol) to politicians or their sons who were

engaged in making alcohol from foodgrains. Recipients included Amit and Dheeraj Deshmukh, sons of Union

Heavy Industries Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh, Bharatiya Janata Party leader Gopinath Munde's daughter

Pankaja Palwe and her husband Charudatta Palwe, sons-in-law of P.V. Narasimha Rao and Rajya Sabha MP

Govindrao Adik.[59][63][64]The government approved the licenses despite stiff opposition from the planning and

finance departments, saying there was a huge demand in other countries for distilled spirits compared to that of

molasses.[65]Anna sued Maharashtra over the policy in the Nagpur bench of the Bombay High Court. On 20

August 2009 Maharashtra stopped the policy. However, distilleries sanctioned before that date and those who

started production within two years of sanction were entitled for subsidies.

On 5 May 2011 court refused to hear the suit, saying, "not before me, this is a court of law, not a court of

ustice" as a reason for not hearing the plea.[66][67]A Maharashtra Principal Secretary, C.S. Sangeet Rao,

stated that no law existed to scrap these licences.[59]

Lokpal Bill movement

Main article: 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
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Anna Hazare's hunger strike at Jantar

Mantar in New Delhi.

In 2011, Hazare initiated a Satyagraha movement for passing a stronger anti-corruption Lokpal (ombudsman)

bill in the Indian Parliament, the Jan Lokpal Bill (People's Ombudsman Bill). The Jan Lokpal Bill was drafted

earlier by N. Santosh Hegde, former justice of the Supreme Court of

India and Lokayukta of Karnataka, Prashant Bhushan, a senior

lawyer in the Supreme Court and Arvind Kejriwal, a social activist

along with members of the India Against Corruption movement. The

draft incorporated more stringent provisions and gave wider power to

theLokpal(Ombudsman) than the government's 2010 draft.[68]

These included placing "the Prime Minister within the ambit of the

proposed lokpal's powers".[69]

Hunger strike

Hazare began his Indefinite Fast[70]on 5 April 2011 at Jantar Mantar

in Delhi to press for the demand to form a joint committee of the

representatives of the Government and the civil society to draft a stronger anti-corruption bill with stronger penal

actions and more independence to theLokpalandLokayuktas (Ombudsmen in the states), after his demand

was rejected by Prime Minister Singh.[71]He stated, "I will fast until Jan Lokpal Bill is passed".[72]

The movement attracted attention in the media, and thousands of supporters. Almost 150 people reportedly

oined Hazare in his fast.[73]Social activists, including Medha Patkar, Arvind Kejriwal, former IPS officer Kiran

Bedi, and Jayaprakash Narayan lent their support. People showed support in social media. In addition to

spiritual leaders Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, Swami Ramdev, Swami Agnivesh and former Indian cricketer Kapil Dev,

many celebrities supported him.[74][75]Hazare decided that he would not allow any politician to sit with him. The

protesters rejected Uma Bharti, Om Prakash Chautala and others when they visited the protest.[76]On 6 April

2011 Sharad Pawar resigned from thegroup of ministersformed for reviewing the 2010 draft.[77]

Protests spread to Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Guwahati, Shillong, Aizawl and other cities.[78]

On 8 April 2011 the Government accepted the movement's demands. On 9 April it issued a notification in the

Gazette of India on formation of a joint committee. It accepted the formula that there be a politician chair and an

activist, non-politician co-chair. The notification stated, "The Joint Drafting Committee shall consist of five

nominee ministers of the Government of India and five nominees of the civil society. The five nominee Ministers

of the Government of India are Pranab Mukherjee, Union Minister of Finance, P. Chidambaram, Union Minister

of Home Affairs, M. Veerappa Moily, Union Minister of Law and Justice, Kapil Sibal, Union Minister of

Human Resource and Development and Minister of Communication and Information Technology and Salman

Khursheed, Union Minister of Water Resources and Minister of Minority Affairs. The five non-politiciannominees were Anna Hazare, N. Santosh Hegde, Shanti Bhushan Senior Advocate, Prashant Bhushan,

Advocate and Arvind Kejriwal.[79][80]

On the morning of 9 April 2011 Hazare ended his 98-hour hunger strike. He addressed the people and set a

deadline of 15 August 2011 to pass the bill.

"Real fight begins now. We have a lot of struggle ahead of us in drafting the new legislation, We

have shown the world in just five days that we are united for the cause of the nation. The youth

power in this movement is a sign of hope."

Anna Hazare said that if the bill did not pass he would call for a mass nation-wide agitation.[81][82]He called his

movement as "second struggle for independence" and he will continue the fight.[83]
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India Against Corruption campaign in

Whitefield, Bangalore.

Anna Hazare threatened on 28 July 2012 to proceed with his fast-unto-death from the next day on the

JanLokpal Bill issue. He also stated that country's future is not safe in the hands of Congress and BJP and he

would campaign in the coming elections for those with clean background.[84]On the third day of his indefinite

fast, Anna stated that he will not talk even to the Prime Minister till his demands are met. [85]On 2 August 2012

Anna said that there was nothing wrong in forming a new political party but, he would neither join the party nor

contest elections.[86]Team and Anna have decided to end their indefinite fast on 3 August 2012 at 5PM after

which the team will announce their decision to enter politics.[87]

Draft bill

During the meeting of the joint drafting committee on 30 May 2011, the Union government members opposed

the inclusion of the prime minister, higher judiciary and the acts of the MPs under the purview of the JanLokpal

in the draft bill.[88]On 31 May, Mukherjee sent a letter to the chief ministers of all states and party leaders

seeking their opinion on six contentious issues, including whether to bring the prime minister and judges of India's

Supreme Court and High Courts under the law's purview.[89]But the civil society members of the drafting

committee considered that keeping them out would be a violation of the United Nations Convention against

Corruption.[90]

Anna Hazare and other civil society members decided to boycott the 6 June 2011 drafting committee meeting to

protest the forcible eviction of Swami Ramdev and his followers by the Delhi Police from Ramlila Maidan on 5

June 2011, while they were on a hunger strike against black money and corruption and doubting the

government's seriousness.[91]

On 6 June 2011, the civil society members wrote to Mukherjee, explaining reasons for their absence and also

asking government to go public on the major issues. They also decided to attend only future meetings that were

telecast live.[92]On 8 June at Rajghat, describing his movement as the second freedom struggle, Anna criticised

the Government for trying to discredit the drafting committee and threatened to go on indefinite fast again from16 August 2011 if the Lokpal Bill had not passed. He also criticised the Government for putting hurdles in front

of the Bill and for maligning the civil society members.[93][94][95]

Indefinite fast

On 28 July 2011 the union cabinet approved a draft of the Lokpal

Bill, which kept the Prime Minister, judiciary and lower bureaucracy

out of the ombudsman's ambit. Hazare rejected the government

version by describing it as "cruel joke" and wrote a letter to Singhannouncing his decision to begin an indefinite fast from 16 August

2011 at Jantar Mantar, if the government introduced its own version

of the bill without taking suggestions from civil society

members.[96][97]Hazare wrote:-

Why are you (government) sending the wrong draft? We have

faith in Parliament. But first send the right draft, our agitation is

against government, not Parliament. The government has

overlooked many points. How will it fight corruption by

excluding government employees, CBI and prime minister from the Lokpal's purview? We weretold that both the drafts would be sent to the Cabinet. But only the government's draft was sent.

This is a deceitful government. They are lying. How will they run the country? Now I have no trust

in this government. If it is really serious about fighting corruption, why is it not bringing government

employees and CBI under Lokpal?[98]
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Within twenty four hours of cabinet's endorsement of a weak Lokpal Bill, over ten thousand people from across

the country sent faxes directly to the government demanding a stronger bill. [99]The Mumbai Taxi Men's Union,

comprising over 30,000 taxi drivers supported Hazare's fast by keeping all taxis off the roads on 16 August. [100]

Lawyers of Allahabad High Court described the government proposal as against the national interest and

pledged their support to Hazare by hunger striking at Allahabad on 16 August.[101]On 30 July Vishwa Hindu

Parishad supported his fast by saying movement for an effective anti-corruption ombudsman needed the

people's backing.[102]

On 1 August 2011, Public interest litigation was filed in the Supreme Court of India by Hemant Patil, a

Maharashtra-based social worker and businessman, to restrain Hazare, alleging that Hazare's demands were

unconstitutional and amounted to interference in the legislative process.[103]

Arrest and aftermath

On 16 August 2011, Hazare was arrested, four hours before the planned indefinite hunger strike.[104]Rajan

Bhagat, spokesman for Delhi Police, said police arrested Hazare for illegally gathering in a Delhi park to begin

his hunger strike, claiming that Hazare refused to meet police conditions for allowing the protest.[105]

Theconditions included restricting the fast to three days and the number of protesters to 5,000. Later in the

afternoon, Hazare refused bail. The magistrate dispatched him to Tihar jail for seven days.[106]After

announcements by Prashant Bhushan, local television, and social media sites (including Facebook), thousands

marched in support from the India Gate to Jantar Mantar.[107]

Media reported that about 1,300 supporters were detained in Delhi, including key members of the India Against

Corruption movement such as Arvind Kejriwal, Shanti Bhushan, Kiran Bedi and Manish Sisodia.[108]Other

reports other protests with people courting arrests in different parts of the country. Opposition parties came out

against the arrest, likening the government action to the emergency imposed in the country in 1975. Both houses

of Parliament adjourned over the issue.[109]

After four hours in detention he was released unconditionally on a request by the police, but refused to leave

Tihar Jail.[110]He demanded unconditional permission to fast at Ramlila Maidan (Ground) and refused to

leave.[111]Hazare continued his fast inside the jail.[112]

After his arrest, Hazare received support from people across the country. There were reports of "nearly 570

demonstrations and protests by Anna supporters across the country".[69][113]Due to the millions of protesters

nationwide,[114]the government allowed him to begin a public hunger strike of fifteen days.[115]After talks with

public authorities, Hazare decided to hold his protest at Ramlila Maidan, New Delhi.[116]

On 20 August Hazare"left the Tihar Jail for the Ramlila Grounds".[117]Hazare promised reporters "he would fight to the 'last breath'

until the government gets his team's Jan Lokpal Bill passed in this session of Parliament, which ends on 8

September."[69]

Fast at Ramlila Maidan

On 20 August 2011 thousands came to show their support for Hazare,[118]while "his advisers made television

appearances to rally public support and defend themselves against criticism that their protest campaign and

refusal to compromise is undermining India's parliamentary process."

[119]

The National Campaign for People'sRight to Information (NCPRI) condemned Hazare's deadline for passing the bill as undermining democracy,

which operates by
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Anna Hazare on fast unto death

protest.

"holding wide-ranging consultations and discussions, allowing for dissent and evolving a consensus.

...He [Hazare] has the right to protest and dissent. But nobody can claim it as an absolute right and

deny the right of dissent to others."[120]

The Congress party confirmed that Maharashtra Additional Chief Secretary (Home) Umesh Chandra Sarangi

(who has a history of mediating between Hazare and officials) was meeting with him again "to find points of

consensus and defuse the situation".[121]On 21 August "tens of thousands" watched Hazare as he sat on an

elevated platform.[122]

It was reported that Hazare at that point had"lost more than seven pounds since beginning his fast". Despite this he

stated, "I will not withdraw my hunger strike until the Jan Lokpal bill is

passed in the Parliament. I can die but I will not bend."[122]Hazare

ended his fast on 28 August, after the Lokpal Bill passed

unanimously.

He was admitted to Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon for post-fast

care.[123]He had lost 7.5 kilograms (17 lb)[123]and was very

dehydrated after the 288-hour fast.[124]

I Am Anna Chant

Within a few days of Anna Hazare's first fast demanding a strong Lokpal (on 5 April 2011), supporters started

a campaign known as "I Am Anna Hazare", which was similar to the "We Are All Khaled Said" campaign from

the Egyptian uprising.[125]During Anna Hazare's second fast, his topi, the cap which became synonymous with

Anna Hazare, became almost a fashion statement.[126]Sales of the topis hit an all-time high.[127]Kiran Bedi

recommended that the "I am Anna" topi be displayed whenever someone asked for a bribe.[128]

Fast on MMRDA ground

On 27 December 2011, Hazare began a 3day hunger strike at MMRDA grounds, Bandra Kurla Complex, to

demand a stronger Lokpal bill than was in debate.[129]Hazare ended the fast on 28 December, after his doctors

said that his kidneys might fail if he continued.[130]

Before reaching the venue, Anna paid tribute to Mahatma Gandhi at Juhu Beach. On his way to a rally with

several thousand people,[129]he took two-and-half hours to reach the ground, passing through Santacruz, Tulip

Star Hotel, Mithibai College, SV Road, Vile Parle, Khar and Bandra Highway.[131]

A PIL petition filed against the fast was turned down by the Karnataka High Court. A judge noted that there

was no public interest in the petition.[132]

Electoral reform movement

In 2011, Anna Hazare demanded an amendment to the electoral law to incorporate the option of None of the

above in the electronic voting machines during the Indian elections.[133][134]The "None of the above (NOTA)"

is a ballot option that allows an electorate to indicate disapproval of all of the candidates in an electoral system,

in case of non-availability of any candidate of his choice, as his Right to Reject. Soon, the Chief Election

Commissioner of India Shahabuddin Yaqoob Quraishi supported Hazare's demand for the electoral

reforms.[135]
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On 31 March 2013 Anna startedJantantra Yatrafrom the city of Amritsar. He is excepting to address various

issues, including electoral reforms such as the right to reject a candidate.[136]

Protest against atrocities against Swami Ramdev and his supporters

On 8 June 2011 Anna Hazare and thousands of his supporters fasted from 10 am to 6 pm at Rajghat to protest

against the midnight crackdown of 5 June by the Delhi Police on Swami Ramdev's fast at Ramlila ground

protests.[93][137]Anna Hazare held the Prime Minister of India responsible for the atrocities[138]and termed thepolice action as an attempt to stifle democracy.[93]According to one of Anna's young supporters, the large

presence of youths at the protest was due to his use of nonviolent protest, similar to Gandhi.[139]

Controversies and criticism

Alleged link with Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh

Anna Hazare has been criticized for being an agent of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) a right-wing Hindu

body.[140]According to Digvijay Singh a senior leader of the Indian National Congress, the entire crusade of2011 Indian anti-corruption movement was planned by RSS in which Plan-A was Baba Ramdev while Plan-B

was Anna Hazare. Their basic job was to disturb national security.[141]Further Singh had charged Hazare for

having links with late RSS leader Nanaji Deshmukh[142]with whom he worked as a secretary.[143]Anna denied

any such associations.

Views on Narendra Modi and Nitish Kumar

In a press conference in April 2011, Anna Hazare praised Narendra Modi, the chief minister of Gujarat and

Nitish Kumar, chief minister of Bihar for their efforts on rural development, saying that other chief ministersshould emulate them.[144]Subsequently, Modi wrote an open letter to him, hailing him as a Gandhian anti-

corruption activist[145]while Digvijay Singh criticised him for his comment.[146]In May 2011, during his visit to

Gujarat, Hazare changed his view and criticised Modi for rampant corruption. He urged Modi to appoint a

Lokayukta. He also commented that the media had projected an incorrect image of Vibrant Gujarat. [147]

Subsequently, Hazare declared that Modi is not a suitable candidate for the position of Prime Minister for not

doing enough to curb corruption and his unwillingness to set up a Lokayukta in Gujarat. [148][149]He has even

questioned his secular credentials.[150]

Accusations of corruption

The government of the state of Maharashtra instituted a Commission of Inquiry under Justice PB Sawant in

September 2003 to enquire into allegations of corruption against several people, including four ministers in the

state as well as the "Hind Swaraj Trust" headed by Hazare. The Commission submitted its report on 22

February 2005, indicting the Trust for corruptly spending Rs. 2.20 lakhs on Hazare's birthday celebrations.[151]

Two days ahead of Hazare's Lokpal fast, the Indian National Congress, attacked him, alleging that "the moral

core of Hazare has been ripped apart" by the Justice P B Sawant Commission.[152]

Hazare's lawyer Milind Pawar responded that the commission had remarked about "irregularities" in theaccounts, but had not held him guilty of any "corrupt" practices. Pawar said that on 16 June 1998, a celebration

was organised to congratulate Hazare on winning an award from a USbased NGO and it coincided with his

61st birthday. The trust spent Rs 2.18 lakh for the function. Abhay Phirodia, a Pune-based industrialist, who
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took the initiative to organise this function donated an amount of Rs 2,48,950 to the trust by cheque soon

afterwards.[153]Hazare dared the government to file a First Information Report (FIR) against him to prove the

charges.[154]

Accusation of being anti-democratic and anti-Dalit

An article written in Kolkata Telegraph by Ramchandra Guha stated that that environmental journalist Mukul

Sharma claimed that Anna Hazare forced the Dalit families in Ralegan Siddhi to adopt a vegetarian diet, and thatthose who violated the decree were tied to a post and flogged. [155]Mukul Sharma also found that no panchayat

elections have been held in the village for the past two decades, and that no campaigning was allowed during

state and national elections, upon Hazare's instructions.[155]

Dalit columnist Chandrabhan Prasad opined that Hazare's anti-corruption movement rejected representative

democracy and alleged that it was an upper-caste uprising. He also claimed that centralising powers in Lokapal,

which was a non-elected entity, was anti-democratic.[citation needed]

Dalit activist Kancha Ilaiah commented in a similar fashion, that "The Anna movement is an anti-social justice,

manuvadi movement. The Dalits, tribals, OBCs and minorities have nothing to do with it. We oppose it."[156]

Activist Anoop Kheri claimed that "The language, symbols used by the movement clearly reflects its upper caste

Hindu nature, a very rightwing Hindu patriotism is being used to get the entire country against corruption. And as

a dalit, I have a problem with it."[156]

There was also an allegation that an RTI activist was denied permission to protest by having a fast-unto-death at

Ralegan Siddhi, the grama sabha stating that the reason was that only Anna Hazare can hold such fasts in his

village.[157]

Activist Udit Raj was denied permission to protest against Anna Hazare, whom he claimed was against

parliamentary processes.[citation needed]Raj warned that succumbing to Hazare's demands would set a

dangerous trend rendering the "backward" classes more vulnerable. He claimed that mass mobilisations coerced

the government into a "set of solutions" against constitutional processes could be used against affirmative action

and threatened democracy.[158]

Later, it came to light that poor dalits had been paid up to 200 each to shout slogans against Anna, although the

organizers denied it. Some protesters said that they had been told that it was a pro-Anna protest, but felt

cheated after realising that it was against Hazare.[159]

Accusation of being anti-Muslim

On 22 August 2011 writer-actor Arundhati Roy accused Hazare in a newspaper article of being nonsecular.

She questioned his secular credentials, pointing out his "support for Raj Thackeray's Marathi Manoos

xenophobia and [has praised] the 'development model' of Gujarat's CM who oversaw the 2002 pogrom against

Muslims". The website of the newspaper published many responses to her article and these were mostly critical

of her views.[160]Activist Medha Patkar criticised Roy, saying that her views were misplaced. [161]

Hazare in the past stood in firm opposition to the Shiv Sena and BJP governments in Maharashtra. Activist and

writer Asghar Ali Engineer in an EPW article on Communalism and Communal Violence reported, [162]

The Shiv Sena is also facing serious problems from the social activist Anna Hazare who has

accused its ministers of corruption and demanded their resignation. The SS-BJP government is

facing serious corruption charges and is greatly worried. The Anna Hazare movement began in late
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November when he went on fast against the corrupt practices of the Shiv Sena ministers. The BJP

initially supported the Hazare movement and now its deputy chief minister Gopinath Munde is also

under a cloud. Initially the Hazare movement had created a rift between the Shiv Sena and the BJP

but with Gopinath Munde himself under a cloud, both may close ranks. The Anna Hazare

movement has certainly posed a great challenge for the saffron government at the end of 1996.

Hazare was accused of working for RSS and BJP's behest, and against Muslims by cleric Bukhari of the Jama

Masjid. Bhukhari was subsequently criticised for being a Royal Imam and for claiming that his personal views

represented the view of ordinary Muslims.[163]

Conspiracy to murder Hazare

Anna Hazare exposed corruption in cooperative sugar factories in Maharashtra, including one controlled by

Dr.Padamsinh Bajirao Patil, a member of Parliament of 15th Lok Sabha and higher-ranking Leader of

Nationalist Congress Party from Osmanabad. Patil was accused in the 2006 murder case of Congress leader

Pawanraje Nimabalkar.[164][165]

The conspiracy to kill Hazare was exposed when Parasmal Jain, an accused in the Nimbalkar murder case, inhis written confession before a magistrate said that Patil had paid him 3000000 (US$45,900) to murder

Nimbalkar, and also offered him supari (contract killing sum) to kill Anna Hazare.[166][167]After this written

confession, Anna appealed to the state government of Maharashtra to lodge a separate First Information Report

( FIR ) against Patil but the government declined. On 26 September 2009 Hazare lodged his own complaint at

Parner police station of Ahmednagar District in Maharashtra against Patil.[168]Patil approached the High Court

seeking anticipatory bail but on 14 October 2009, the Aurangabad bench of Bombay High Court rejected his

application, observing that there was prima facie case against him.[169][170]Padmasinh Patil appealed to the

Supreme Court of India losing again, on 6 November 2009.[171]On 11 November 2009 Patil surrendered

before the sessions court in Latur and was sent to judicial remand for 14 days.[172]On 16 December 2009 theAurangabad bench granted bail.[173]As of 16 August 2011, the verdict is pending.

As of December 2011, Anna Hazare received Z+ security.[174]

Honours, awards and international recognition
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Year Award Awarding organization

2013 Allard Prize for International Integrity University of British Columbia Faculty of Law [175]

2011 NDTV Indian of the Year with Arvind Kejriwal[176] NDTV

2008 Jit Gill Memorial Award[177][178][179][180] World Bank

2005 Honorary Doctorate Gandhigram Rural University

2003 Integrity Award[181] Transparency International

1999 Leading Social Contributor Award Government of India

1998 CARE International Award[181] CARE (relief agency)

1997 Mahaveer Award[181]

1996 Shiromani Award[181]

1992 Padma Bhushan[181] President of India

1990 Padma Shri[181] President of India

1989 Krushi Bhushana Award[181] Government of Maharashtra

1986 Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Awards[181] Government of India

Film

The Marathi language filmMala anna vhaychay(I want to become Anna) is based on Hazare's work. The role

of Hazare has been played by Arun Nalawade.[182]

Personal life

Anna Hazare is unmarried. He has lived in a small room attached to the Sant Yadavbaba temple in RaleganSiddhi since 1975. On 16 April 2011, he declared his bank balance of 67183 (US$1,030) and 1500

(US$20) as money in hand.[183]He owns 0.07 hectares of family land in Ralegan Siddhi, which is being used by

his brothers. He donated for village use two other pieces of land donated to him by the Indian Army and by a

villager.[184]

Writings

Hazare, Anna; Ganesh Pangare, Vasudha Lokur (1996).Adarsh Gaon Yojana: Government

Participitation in a Peoples Program: Ideal Village Project of the Government of Maharashtra(http://books.google.com/books?

id=Eh4pHAAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Anna+Hazare%22&hl=en&ei=OHudTcvOOsXjrAfavIWqBA

&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA). Hind Swaraj Trust. p. 95.

Retrieved 20 August 2011.

Hazare, Anna.My Village My Sacred Land. New Delhi: CAPART.

Hazare, Anna (1997).Ralegaon Siddhi: A Veritable Transformation(http://books.google.com/books?

id=mCENHAAACAAJ&dq=Anna+Hazare&hl=en&ei=ZnSdTZGjBsmYhQeK3-

26BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg). Translated by B.S.

Pendse. Ralegan Siddhi Pariwar Prakashan,. Archived

(http://web.archive.org/web/20110511063438/http://books.google.com/books?

id=mCENHAAACAAJ&dq=Anna+Hazare&hl=en&ei=ZnSdTZGjBsmYhQeK3-

26BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAg) from the original on 11

May 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
http://web.archive.org/web/20110511063438/http://books.google.com/books?id=mCENHAAACAAJ&dq=Anna+Hazare&hl=en&ei=ZnSdTZGjBsmYhQeK3-26BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAghttp://books.google.com/books?id=mCENHAAACAAJ&dq=Anna+Hazare&hl=en&ei=ZnSdTZGjBsmYhQeK3-26BA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAghttp://books.google.com/books?id=Eh4pHAAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Anna+Hazare%22&hl=en&ei=OHudTcvOOsXjrAfavIWqBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralegan_Siddhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arun_Nalawadehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Priyadarshini_Vrikshamitra_Awardshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Shrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARE_(relief_agency)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARE_(relief_agency)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhigram_Rural_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_(title)#Honorary_doctorateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDTVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDTV_Indian_of_the_Yearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_British_Columbia_Faculty_of_Law


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Hazare, Anna (2007). (in Marathi). Pune: Signet Publications.

See also

Hartal

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Subhas Chandra Bose

References

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1555329).DNA News India. 15 June 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2013.

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(http://www.cfar.umd.edu/~venu/ANNA/anna.html). Retrieved 12 December 2013.

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21/india/29911427_1_anna-hazare-rti-activist-indian-army) The Times of India. Retrieved 29 August 2011.

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07/india/29392266_1_indefinite-hunger-delays-in-government-offices-anna-hazare). The Times of India. 7 April2011.

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23. ^Satpathy, Trishna; Mehta, Aasha Kapur (September 2008).Escaping poverty: the Ralegan Siddhi case

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498c-9515-66d6e87fe5c4%2Fen/WP119_KapurMehta-Satpathy.pdf) (119). Hyderabad: Chronic Poverty

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functioning again" (http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110416/jsp/opinion/story_13857544.jsp). The Telegraph

(Calcutta). Retrieved June 2011.

29. ^ abcDeshmukh, Vinita (7 April 2011). "Anna Hazare, our one, big hope, and why he can do it"(http://www.moneylife.in/article/anna-hazare-our-one-big-hope-and-why-he-can-do-it/15399.html). Moneylife.

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(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13017897). Mumbai: BBC. Retrieved 9 April 2011.

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53. ^"Anna Hazare calls off fast on RTI amendment" (http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-08-

19/india/27813455_1_rti-amendment-anna-hazare-anti-corruption-crusader). The Times of India. 19 August

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08-19/india/27813455_1_rti-amendment-anna-hazare-anti-corrupt

Documents

Anna Hazare - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia