Annex A Terms of Reference (ToR) - gopa.de · Strengthening Drought Resilience in Ethiopian ASAL Conditions of Tender Annexes Page 19 Annex A Terms of Reference (ToR) Table of Contents

Strengthening Drought Resilience in Ethiopian ASAL Conditions of Tender Annexes

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Annex A

Terms of Reference (ToR)

Table of Contents 1. Background 2. Programme Context 3. Aim and Description of the Programme 3.1 The Overall Programme 3.2 The SDR-1 project component 3.3 The SDR-2 project component

4. The Intervention Areas 5. Institutional Set-up and Cooperation 6. Project Implementation Aspects and the Tasks of the Consultant 6.1 General Project implementation Aspects 6.1.1. The Tasks of the Consultant regarding SDR-1

6.1.2. The Tasks of the Consultant regarding SDR-2

7. The Consulting Team 8. Reporting 9. Logistics and Location 10. Programme Duration

1. Background

The Ethiopian Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MoANR) as the Project Executing Agency (PEA) hereby invites qualified short-listed consultants to submit full technical and financial proposals for consulting services for strengthening the drought resilience of pastoral and agro-pastoral population in the lowlands of Ethiopia. The measures to be implemented will be financed in the frame of Ethiopian-German Development Cooperation by two projects (with separate BMZ numbers), hereafter referred to as project components:

• Strengthening drought resilience 1 – hereafter referred to as “SDR-1” with the title “Strengthening drought resilience of the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods in the low-lands (Afar) of Ethiopia” (BMZ 2012 975 71). The overall value of the German contribu-tion (including consulting services) is EUR 6 million, financed under the so-called “Energy and Climate Fund” (ECF) of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ);

• Strengthening drought resilience 2 – hereafter referred to as “SDR-2” with the title “Preservation of soil and water resources to improve drought resilience and food security in the arid and semi-arid regions of Eastern Ethiopia” (BMZ 2015 013 60). The overall value of the German contribution (including consulting services) is EUR 10 million, fi-nanced under the so-called special initiative “One World – No Hunger” (SEWOH) of BMZ.

Grant funds have been earmarked for these two projects by BMZ and will be provided through KfW Development Bank. These Financial Cooperation (FC) activities will form a


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complementary German development programme together with the Technical Cooperation (TC) module “Strengthening Drought Resilience of Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Population in Ethiopian Lowlands, Afar Region” (EKF, BMZ PN 2012.9761.3), “Capacity Development for Strengthening Drought Resilience of Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Population in the Lowlands of Ethiopia” (BMZ PN 2014.2009.0) and “Afar Soil Rehabilitation Project” (SEWOH, BMZ PN 2014.0156.1) implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH since 2013.

2. Programme Context The Afar Triangle stretches over the borders of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, and Djibouti on the Horn of Africa. It is one of the driest places on earth where temperatures easily reach 45 to 50 degrees Celsius and more, and is one of the least-developed regions in Ethiopia. More than half (56%) of the 1.4 million inhabitants live below the absolute poverty line. Because of the dry climate, semi-nomadic pastoralism is the source of livelihood for the majority of the population. As pastoralists, Afar people are completely dependent on the mobility of their animals. Herd mobility allows for the flexible use of dispersed pasture and water resources in space and in time. In order to find grazing and water, pastoralists together with their livestock move away from their temporary homesteads to other areas, often as far as ten days walk away.

Having a long tradition in the sub-region, pastoralism is a well-adapted form of livelihood in Arid and Semi-arid Lands (ASAL) and has the potential to be transformed into a more com-mercialised sector which can contribute substantially to the Ethiopian economy. Livestock continues to represent the most important economic resource for the Afar region and pro-vides income for more than 80% of the population. A multitude of factors has put the pastoral livelihood system under pressure. The increase of the population in the Afar region is the single most important factor which more and more entails an overuse and degradation of natural rangelands leading to increased erosion, the loss of soil and a shortage of water re-sources. Climate change with more frequent and often prolonged droughts constitutes an additional pressure on and threat to the natural resources. Furthermore, the traditional ac-cess for the pastoralists to water and land resources is getting restricted due to a variety of constraints: overgrowth of potential grazing and even irrigated areas with invasive plant spe-cies, an increasing settlement and population pressure from the highlands, reduction of the size of the rangeland by state-controlled investment projects (large-scale irrigation projects), especially in rural areas with respective potentials formerly used by pastoralists. These fac-tors often lead to tribal conflicts over grazing areas. Livelihoods and food security are thus being increasingly jeopardised by the qualitative and quantitative depletion of natural re-sources and of pastoral habitats. The (agro-) pastoral population is often no longer able to practise traditional natural resource management.

3. Aim and Description of the Programme

3.1 Aim and Description of the Overall Programme The overall FC and TC programme will address some of the most pressing issues of pastoral livelihood systems in the intervention area:

• Degradation of rangeland due to prolonged drought, bush encroachment (Acacia nu-bica, A. mellifera, Parthenium hysterophus) and overgrazing (SDR-1);


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• Rapid expansion of invasive plants (particularly Prosopis juliflora) on highly produc-tive farm-land and valuable pasture areas along the Awash river and its tributaries (SDR-1);

• Shortage of water for humans and livestock (SDR-2); • Shortage of fodder during the dry season (SDR-2).

The TC and FC programme aims at strengthening the drought resilience of pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods in selected Woredas within two zones (4 Woredas in zone 1 and 5 Woredas in zone 4) of the Afar region. The achievement of the objective shall be measured (according to the programme proposal to BMZ) with the help of the following indicators:

• Reduction of periods of food aid in the intervention area. • Increase in pasture and farming areas with sustainable climate change resilient farm-

ing systems. • Decline of conflicts over the use of natural resources in the intervention area. • Number of households with diversified more productive farming and pastoral sys-

tems.

The TC project contributes by providing capacity development for sustainable use of natural resources by agro-pastoralists in the Afar region, whereas the FC project will invest in the development of soil and water resources and rangeland and farmland rehabilitation in order to enable the local population to manage and use their natural resources in a productive and sustainable way.

The project component SDR-1 aims to “rehabilitate rangeland and farmland in order to enable the local population to manage and use their natural resources in a productive and sustainable way”, while SDR-2 aims to “develop water and soil resources for increased resilience of agro-pastoral production systems”. To this end, the project will work according to two project components:

• SDR-1: Rehabilitation of rangeland by applying large-scale soil treatment and soil conservation techniques, and by improved rangeland management.

• SDR-2: Rehabilitation of existing and construction of new irrigation schemes for farm and range land based on perennial or seasonal available surface water as well as water-harvesting systems and introduction of economically viable agro-pastoral farm-ing systems for the sustainable production of food and fodder.

The first component may include the extensive use of machinery for deep ploughing in com-bination with sowing measures and the utilisation of biomass from invasive plants for soil improvement and other purposes. The rehabilitation of degraded rangelands addresses an improved grazing and browsing in order to enhance herd mobility, livestock performance and quality. The success of these improvement measures and the soil and water conservation activities depends on the application of a functional rangeland management system and on a well-coordinated modus operandi.

The second component may comprise preferably the rehabilitation of small-scale irrigation systems nearby river courses. These systems can be used all the year round or seasonally by means of pumps or gravity irrigation. Other water supply structures such as water spread-ing weirs, other weir types with appropriate distribution channels, micro-dams or barriers for surface water collection contribute to groundwater recharge, resulting in an extended cultiva-tion period through the retention of surface water. Accompanying training measures are to be implemented in order to support the users in the development, operation and maintenance of facilities and the introduction of adequate management systems.


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The two components act complementary, whereas they contribute to an improved food sup-ply for humans and livestock and thus reactivate the necessary flexibility of pastoral econom-ic systems. Fodder production in combination with cash crop cultivation on irrigated areas, fodder transformation and storage are other activities of the project to be implemented. This shall contribute to food security through increasing the meat and dairy production.

Both project components (SDR-1 and SDR-2) will focus on community-based and demand-driven investment and rehabilitation measures which are well integrated into pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods and existing or developed management systems. They will further support complementary activities which will ensure proper and sustainable use of these in-vestments.

The design of the FC Programme is based on findings contained in a preparatory Feasibility Study that has been completed in December 2013, and which will be made available to Ten-derers upon request.

3.2 The SDR-1 Project Component

The objective of the project component “Strengthening drought resilience 1” (SDR-1) is to “strengthen drought resilience of the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods in the lowlands (Afar) of Ethiopia”. The overall budget of this project component (investments including relat-ed consulting services) is EUR 6.0 million.

The achievement of the objective shall be measured with the following indicators:

• (Agro-) pastoralists (min. x % women) use environmentally friendly and socio-economically sustainable, diversified rangeland management and production systems which are resilient to climate change.

• Area of rehabilitated farm- and rangeland which is intensively used. • Indicator for the improved soil quality and improved soil management (shall be

specified during the first year of implementation).

Two project outputs have been defined in order to achieve the project component’s objective:

Output 1: Large areas of degraded farmland and rangeland are rehabilitated using high performance (mechanised) de-bushing measures, in combination with soil and water conservation and range improvement measures.

Output 2: Biomass obtained from de-bushing is turned into valuable and environmentally friendly products (woodchips, biochar) for soil improvement and other purposes, by using mobile wood harvesting and transformation equipment (harvester, chipper, mobile pyrolysis unit).

The measures will focus on community-based and demand-driven investment and rehabilita-tion measures which are well suited and adapted to pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihoods and management systems. It will further support complementary activities which will ensure proper and sustainable use of these investments.

One of the proposed technologies will allow to turn biomass from invasive plants into a valu-able resource (woodchips), which can be used for various purposes, including the use as a highly effective soil amendment to improve soil fertility and water-holding capacity (having the effect of strengthening drought resilience) in the targeted areas of Ethiopia. A mobile, light weight, fuel-efficient, trailer-based wood-chipper will be used for shedding woody mate-rial into small woodchips. The reduction of invasive species and the reintroduction of valua-ble and protected local species achieved with the proposed technology will contribute to pro-


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tect and promote biodiversity and the carrying capacity (productivity) of the ecosystem. This will facilitate the rehabilitation of degraded rangeland and farmland infested with invasive plants.

A mobile pyrolysis unit (biochar-making machine) that can be pulled by a pickup truck is designed to convert woody biomass, such as harvested invasive plants or other agricultural waste, into biochar, a black, porous, and fine-grained charcoal that can be used as a fertiliz-er. The technology is based on pyrolysis procedure, slowly burning biomass in a low-oxygen chamber. When plant components are converted into biochar and put into the soil, the car-bon that would have been released through decomposition is held in the soil for many years, improving – amongst others – the texture of the soil and consequently having a good impact on the storage capacity of infiltrated water. Since the proposed improved charcoal making technique uses all parts of invasive plants (even small branches), it can contribute to reduce or even replace environmentally harmful traditional charcoal making techniques, which are currently used on a large scale in Afar region (Gewane area) and which produce charcoal primarily from thicker trees and branches including protected species.

The project also offers the opportunity to introduce other approaches and technologies, e.g. use of special purpose machines for mechanised soil and water conservation measures for land rehabilitation, that have been successfully used on a large scale (bush encroachment, rangeland degradation, farmland degradation) in similar environments in the Sahel Zone (Ni-ger) and in Southern Africa (Namibia) and that so far have not been used in Ethiopia. Hence the innovative character of the project. Respective study tours or experts’ experience ex-change shall be incorporated into the project activities.

With regard to rangeland rehabilitation, the mechanised rain-collection site preparation tech-nology (Nardi/Vallerani trenches), with its special multi-function compound mechanical plough, can open ditches for site preparation through deep ploughing along the contour line, making automatically ridges and low banks to form anti-slope hollows and fish-scale pits for planting (micro-catchments), which will not only contribute to rainwater and soil moisture re-tention, soil and water erosion control but also improve the soil physical and chemical proper-ty by soil loosening. A fairly long time later, the soil between the trench lines is ripped and then sown with herbaceous fodder species. The required mechanized technical unit (MTU) consists of a four-wheel-drive tractor that develops more than 180 hp, a Dolphin plough used for digging the half-moon basins and one Train plough used for digging reverse slope ditches. After first sowing it is recommended that the improved site be protected from grazing animals for at least three years to give the grass time to reproduce naturally, although the exact amount of time required will depend on the type of trees planted and how degraded the site is. Nardi/Vallerani trenches are generally combined with scarification, which is carried out using a tractor-pulled scarifier. The strips between the trenches are scarified a year after they have been dug. These scarified strips are sown with perennial grasses at the same time as the trenches. In the case of the reference project in Niger, where similar activities have been implemented, 4 MTU have been deployed in order to rehabilitate areas of about 12,000 ha. In SDR-1 the areas to be rehabilitated in a first step are expected to be in the order of 2,000-2,500 ha as the approach is an innovative one. Bottlenecks are not only the availability of suited sites, but mainly the complex preparation of activities, the operation during rehabili-tation and the after-care of the treated areas in close cooperation with the respective benefi-ciaries. A critical factor in the introduction of the Vallerani System (VS) in the Afar Region is attributable to the unpredictable rainfall that is unfortunately more and more characterised by a spatial and temporal variability, anyhow VS and the herbaceous species, trees and shrubs that will be used, require at least 100 mm of annual rainfall. Another critical factor is the lim-ited availability of seeds of local species of grasses, trees and shrubs on local markets.


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Territories which are considered not suitable for the application of VS have the following characteristics:

− Soils with a strong presence of lava material and stones on the surface − Land with steep slopes and with the presence of rocky material and erosion channels − Soils with excessive vegetation coverage − Ground floors with clear and deep channels due to erosion − Land not having minimum surface of at least a hundred hectares − Already suitable grassland, sufficiently turfed

It will be one of the tasks of the PIU to further identify the potentials of areas to be treated (first information is available after an assessment organised by TC, see below), taking into account the above-mentioned challenges, and to develop a strategy with regard to the spe-cial equipment to be procured.

The success of the operation depends largely on effective management of the sites by the organised user-groups, which must ensure that the site is properly maintained, enforce the rules established for its management and impose sanctions when the rules are not observed. The organisation of rangeland management will be supported by TC. Generally, the results of SDR-1 are closely linked to the results of the TC project. The TC activities will allow for FC measures to be embedded in adequate land use planning, environmentally friendly range land management and improvement measures, agro-pastoral extension services, marketing support, procurement of input supplies (seed, fertilizers), value chain development and ca-pacity development at community and institutional level. Contrary to SDR-2, there is no ac-tive pilot phase implemented on the ground by TC for SDR-1 related to investments as that would require procurement of special machines. Nevertheless, GIZ conducted a field visit with representatives of the supplier of the innovative mechanised techniques (Vallerani in partnership with punto.sud) in order to identify implementation potentials for the intended technology (Vallerani System) and to verify the conditions of its applicability. The potentials have been confirmed in a first assessment and respective areas localised (several thousand hectares), a tentative timeline for potential interventions has been proposed (e.g. ploughing activities from January to May) and implementation aspects have been described (morpholo-gy of the territory eligible for processing by VS, magnitude of the potential areas and the presence of plastic land suitable for VS, texture of the soil, estimated fertility, lack of crushed stone, limited vegetation cover and absence of obstacles for the processing of the tractor, organization of the support from the authorities and the local population, presence of locally available seeds, logistical framework). Furthermore, TC actually intervenes in preparing land use plans.

It is recommended to the bidders to establish strategic cooperation relations with specialized service and equipment providers who gathered valuable practical experience in this field.

One of the general risks to SDR-1 lies in the uncertain availability of beneficiaries at sites that are suited for potential interventions, and in the resulting consequences for the organisation of respective user-groups.

A successful application of the above described innovative SDR-1 approach bears the poten-tial for further extension (up-scaling) to other drought prone areas of the Ethiopians lowlands.

3.3 The SDR-2 Project Component

The objective of the project component “Preservation of soil and water resources to improve drought resilience and food security in the arid and semi-arid regions of Eastern Ethiopia”


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(SDR-2) is to “develop water and soil resources for increased resilience of agro-pastoral pro-duction systems”. The overall budget of this project component (investments including relat-ed consulting services) is EUR 10.0 million, to be financed under the so-called special initia-tive “One World – No Hunger” (SEWOH) of BMZ.

The achievement of the objective shall be measured with the following indicators:

• (Agro-) Pastoralists (min. x % women) use environmentally friendly and socio-economically sustainable, diversified farmland management and production systems which are resilient to climate change;

• Area of seasonally and permanently irrigated farmland that is used for the intensive production of food and fodder;

• Indicator for increase of production of food and fodder; (Due to the participatory approach it is not clear yet whether the new developed or rehabilitated farm land will be used for the production of food or fodder. Thus, a more precise definition of the indicator and target values shall be specified during the first year of implementation.)

The measures foreseen are aimed at 1) increased availability and improved access to water resources, 2) introduction of more sustainable practices of management of water resources, 3) improving of nutrition and income situation of households through more diversification and higher productivity.

In principle all kinds of suited water harvesting and soil erosion preventive infrastructures can be subject to SDR-2 activities. In principle, soil and water conservation measures are also related to rangeland management interventions, hence the link to SDR-1. Measures to be implemented under SDR-1 range from more innovative solutions to traditional techniques, which can be operated and maintained by the beneficiaries themselves (e.g. pumps, gravity systems, controlled flooding). This applies particularly to water supply structures such as weirs with or without appropriate distribution channels (depending on the context), but also to the rehabilitation of small-scale (<200 ha) irrigation schemes (intake, canals) or to spate irrigation structures for surface water collection (flood waves in dry river valleys) that are used to promote the enrichment of groundwater in the soil and to extend the growing season or intensify cultivation through the retention of surface water. A special focus will be given on the introduction / up-scaling of water-spreading weirs at suitable suites, a promising technology presently piloted by TC in several Woredas within the Afar region. Water-spreading weirs slow down the run-off in valleys and spread the water over a wider area where it can infiltrate into the soil. In this way, they control river floodwater while reducing erosion and the loss of water. At the same time, sediments improve soil fertility and replenish the water table. Further potential investments are permeable rock dams or sand dams, earth dams, underground dams, water pans and other pastoral water supply structures.

SDR-2 activities also relate to the support of (agro)-pastoralists and economic operators in setting-up facilities for improved input supply (seed, plants, feed concentrate, equipment), marketing, storage and transformation (milk, fresh and dried vegetables and fruits, fodder conservation and transformation, feed concentrate production) of agro-pastoral products originating from the intervention area.

The water-related activities of SDR-2 will focus on surface water resources for pastoral and agro-pastoral use. Ground water and drinking water development is foreseen to be tackled by the “Drought Resilience Fund” and other projects (ref. chapter 5.).


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The selection of appropriate measures on suited sites will be conducted in close cooperation with the beneficiaries and depends on their specific needs and situation, taking into account local conditions (hydrological aspects, topography, legal frameworks, social structures), management and financial resources as well as own experiences and know-how of the community (involvement of pastoralist user groups). Sound engineering design standards and solid construction techniques shall be applied for optimum life span, high productivity and ease of operation and maintenance. The measures also include investment related training and assistance in the development, operation and maintenance of the facilities and the introduction of associated management systems.

The main intended impact of project component SDR-2 is to improve the capacity of the Afar pastoral system to cope with declining frame conditions and to promote a diversified sustain-able and productive agro-pastoral system in view of a good market for livestock and livestock by-products (proximity to Arab countries, good road connection to Ethiopian large cities) as well as improved food security. This can be achieved by using untapped regional natural resources (water and irrigable land) for food and fodder production. Small-scale farmer man-aged irrigation development of mixed farming systems not only provides urgently needed additional fodder for the animals and improves their performance and market value, but also has a significant influence on human nutrition and health, household incomes and the devel-opment of the regional economy.

One of the risks to SDR-2 lies in an uncoordinated use of limited water resources within the same catchment area inside and outside of Afar region, which may lead to water shortages, irrigation scheme failure and conflicts over water amongst upstream and downstream water users. In view of the extent of irrigation activities in the Afar region and taking into account that the majority of water courses originating in neighbouring regions are intensively used, it is therefore important to base the decisions for investments on a comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan for the Awash Basin and eventually also for the Danakil basin. Without clear and binding arrangements on the water use, investments with regard to water utilisation, harvesting and small-scale irrigation may be jeopardized and economic and social development in the region may be severely affected. Efforts were carried out in 2015 by the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity in association with institutes from the Netherlands to prepare a Water Governance Program in the Awash River Basin. Consequently, project component SDR-2 will not intervene in large-scale irrigation or construction of completely new schemes as long as the above described risks have not been addressed. The focus will be on the rehabilitation and improvement respectively of existing schemes.

Another risk lies in low performance of irrigation schemes due to inadequate system design, insufficient training in system operation and maintenance, high fuel / electricity costs for pump irrigation, poor market integration / harvest losses, insufficient integration of farming and pastoralism. These deficits can be mitigated by rehabilitating existing schemes on the basis of improved concepts and designs. Prior to new investments it is a basic requirement to learn lessons from past failures resulting in the application of better technical and man-agement solutions in the future.

Another challenge with regard of construction works will be the identification of capable local contractors or NGOs providing sufficient expertise. The Consultant will have the task to iden-tify appropriate implementation options for the respective type of infrastructures.

The measures of project component SDR-2 are closely linked to the results of the TC project working in the area of the agro-pastoral extension services, marketing support, capacity development at community and institutional level. The FC measures will be completed by


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and embedded in a policy and planning framework supported by TC regarding land use planning and water and natural resource use.

By March 2016, the status of the piloted water-spreading weirs (including check-dams) by TC is constituted as follows: 3 fully completed structures (final acceptance of works effected) and 5 structures more or less completed (final acceptance of works not effected yet) in Chifra Woreda as well as 5 structures more or less completed (final acceptance of works not effect-ed yet) and at least one more structure planned in Awra Woreda. It is expected that TC will continue to pilot/implement such types of infrastructure at other suitable sites, also probably in other Woredas. To date GIZ implemented its pilot weir infrastructures with PADO (Pastoral Development Office) and the NGO APDA. Furthermore they are directly doing training measures for masons and they gained relevant experiences with regard to the creation of expertise on local level as well as to the work quality of NGOs and/or local contractors.

As applicable for SDR-1, a successful implementation of the above described approach bears the potential for further extension (up-scaling) of SDR-2 measures to other drought prone areas of the Ethiopian lowlands.

4. The Intervention Areas The Ethiopian government has selected Zones 1 and 4 in Afar Regional State as target are-as for the project, whereas other donors like WB, AfDB, UNDP and EU are intervening in Zones 2, 3 and 4. The intervention area of the two project components includes the western Woredas of Zone 1 (Mille, Adaa’r, Chifra, Kori) and all Woredas of Zone 4 (Awra, Ewa, Teru, Yalo, Gulina) within the Afar Regional State, because they are major pastoral areas, include two important livestock marketing facilities, have a high potential for rangeland improvement and are crossed by an important number of seasonal and perennial rivers.

Preliminary investigations indicate that water resource management potentials (SDR-2) are given in the Woredas Mille, Adaa’r, Chifra, Kori, Awra, Ewa (several existing irrigation schemes), Teru, Yalo and Gulina, the same Woredas are relevant to range management issues (SDR-1). Potentials for interventions related to invasive plants (also SDR-1) are ex-pected to be found in the Woredas Mille, Adaa’r, Chifra, Awra, Ewa, Teru and Yalo.

The identification of potential sites and their selection as well as the final choice of benefi-ciary communities will, however, be the result of a planning and screening process which will start at community (Kebele) level with intensive participation of the beneficiary population and then pass through Woreda, zonal and regional institutions and committees in order to come up with a well-balanced and coordinated list of potential intervention measures. All steps regarding the selection of the intervention area will be taken in close cooperation with regional authorities and on the basis of the support provided by the relevant projects of the German Technical Cooperation in the intervention area.

A map of the intervention areas is given in the Annex G.

5. Institutional Set-up and Cooperation The Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (“MoANR”) through its Natural Resources Management Directorate shall be responsible for the implementation of the project and rep-resents the Recipient in the execution of this agreement. The below mentioned project im-plementation structure, including the international implementation consultant, will be respon-sible for managing both project components of the overall programme (SDR-1 and SDR-2).


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In order to coordinate the Programme with other German-funded projects and programmes in the region (Regional Fund for Improving Drought Resilience), with World Bank (PCDP, PRLDP), with AfDB (DRSLP) and other nationally or internationally funded projects for the Afar region, the project components SDR-1 and SDR-2 shall be guided and overseen by a National Steering Committee. The steering committee at national level under the chairman-ship of MoANR will ensure coordination between all relevant government institutions and other projects operating in the same region and dealing with drought resilience and approve project implementation standards.

A National Coordinator provided by and placed at MoANR will ensure smooth implementa-tion of the project and constitute the interface with KfW (withdrawal applications, reporting, initiating regular external audits, supervision of agreed standard procedures, preparation of Steering Committee meetings, etc.). The National Coordinator provides the link between the project and MoANR and will work for this purpose closely together with the National Deputy Team Technical Adviser (DCTA) who is also based in Addis Ababa with frequent travels to the Afar region. The National Coordinator will provide guidance and support towards the im-plementation of the decisions of the Steering Committee.

A Technical Committee at regional level will ensure that demands submitted by beneficiary groups / Kebele Development Committees or innovative measures identified by the benefi-ciaries in a participative way with the support of the PIU are screened regarding their feasibil-ity, their compatibility with regional development plans and their eligibility and compatibility with the work programme of the project. The Technical Committee works in close coordina-tion with the governmental Afar regional structure BOPAD (Bureau of Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral Development).

A Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will be based at regional level and ensure proper project management and implementation under the lead of the Bureau of Pastoralist and Agricultural Development (BoPAD). Based on demands received from beneficiaries through the Tech-nical Committee or measures to be identified as a result of sensitization campaigns initiated by PIU with regard to innovative technical solutions, the PIU will support the identification of suitable sites, launch and supervise site specific feasibility studies, prepare technical designs and plans, prepare tender dossiers and launch tenders, contract and supervise service pro-viders, suppliers and construction companies, be responsible for budgeting and financial administration of funds, maintain a suitable M&E system and prepare progress reports, and particularly for SDR-1 procure special machines and equipment for land rehabilitation and transformation of invasive plants into a valuable resource, conduct de-bushing and rehabilita-tion operations (execute these works under their own direction), identify and formalize coop-eration options with workshops for the maintenance of special machines, establish opera-tional plans, cooperate with TC Project, organize visits for exchange of experience, cooper-ate with research centers/institutes in order to develop innovative technologies (e.g. for top-ics like biochar, Prosopis, fodder transformation, etc.). The Consultant will be part of the PIU and be based in the Afar region (Semera). The Consultant will be represented at national level by the National Deputy Chief Technical Adviser (DCTA).

For the implementation of the project the Consultant will work closely in terms of activity co-ordination with the Pastoral Agricultural Development Offices (PADO) on district level and with the focal persons assigned for project implementation on Woreda level.

With regard to potential cooperation options the Afar region receives substantial support from various development partners including:

• DRSLP Drought Resilience and Sustainable Livelihoods Program (AfDB); • PCDP Pastoralist Community Development Project (WB);


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• RPLRP Regional Pastoral Livelihood Development Project (WB); • PSNP Productive Safety Net Program (USAID); • AIDMP Afar Integrated Dryland Management Project (UNDP); • and others.

In view of the broad range of ongoing and planned development efforts in the Afar region, carried out by various Ethiopian government institutions and development partners, it is very important to ensure adequate and effective coordination across all stakeholders in order to avoid duplication and maybe diverging approaches and to promote synergy effects wherever possible.

Additionally to the funds committed to the programme “Strengthening Drought Resilience of Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Livelihoods in Ethiopian ASAL”, the German government has made available a grant of EUR 17.0 million for a Regional Drought Resilience Fund which will allow implementing measures on both sides of the border between Ethiopia and Djibouti. Interventions of the Regional Drought Resilience Fund shall be complementary to this pro-ject.

6. Project Implementation Aspects and the Tasks of the Consultant

6.1 General Project implementation Aspects

Project activities will be developed on the basis of demands of pastoral communities and interest groups (including women groups) via beneficiary groups / Kebele Development Committees in close cooperation with traditional leaders and socio-cultural institutions. With regard to the innovative measures, activities will be identified as a result of participatory campaigns initiated by the PIU and by the regional and Woreda office of BoPAD too. Care has to be taken that the mobility of pastoralists is taken into account, which implies that pastoralist activities may exceed Kebele and Woreda boundaries. TC plays an important role in accompanying the beneficiaries in order to sustainably introduce these innovative technologies.

The improvement and introduction of economically viable agro-pastoral mixed farming systems and sustainable range improvement and management methods will be done in close cooperation with relevant research institutes (APARI, ILRI, IFPRI, FAO, etc.).

Demands or proposals for project interventions will be analysed and coordinated at Woreda and regional level, including the Steering and Technical committee, in order to ensure that no duplication occurs with other projects. Once the demands or proposals are submitted to the PIU and prioritised, the PIU will ensure that detailed feasibility studies for each site will be done in order to clearly define the needs of the target group and to make sure that their management and financial capacity and own contribution is taken into account, environmental and adequate engineering standards are respected and socio-economic sustainability as well as efficient and sustainable operation and maintenance can be obtained. In addition, investment related training needs and knowledge gaps of beneficiaries, especially in relation to the management of new technology, must be identified. The site-specific design and feasibility studies will produce detailed plans, which serve as a base for tendering of works. The interventions will be based on and coordinated with Land Use Plans, Woreda Development Plans and Water Resources Management Plans, provided with support of TC, to guarantee an optimum of sustainable and equitable use of resources. The rehabilitation and construction works will be carried out by contractors (or else NGOs) to be hired by the PIU via national tenders. The participation of beneficiaries will be encouraged to


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facilitate know how transfer and ownership of the project. The PIU will ensure strict construction supervision either through own specialists or through qualified independent hired Supervision Consultants.

The PIU will ensure that a baseline study will be prepared and conducted in close coopera-tion with TC and the Implementation Consultant before implementation of activities and the impact will be recorded at suitable intervals using state-of-the-art methods (including remote sensing). The impact monitoring will be done by an independent specialist hired by the PIU. The concept for the baseline study shall be submitted to KfW for approval.

For all program activities (measures/sub-projects), it will be important to ensure that potential negative environmental and social impacts are minimized, while striving to enhance benefits for local communities and the environment. The Consultant shall develop an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the respective selected investment measures. Supplementary information is given in An-nex I.

With regard to SDR-1 the PIU shall identify options for recruiting and ministering a technical operator/driver for the special machines and equipment. Furthermore, the PIU shall identify and formalize cooperation options with workshops in order to shelter and maintain special machines for land rehabilitation and transformation of invasive plants into a valuable re-source and equipment and to implement technical trainings. Handing over modalities of pro-cured machineries at the end of the project will be agreed with MoANR depending on the evolution of the project and the development of options for future activities.

As regards financial management, the Disbursement Procedure (Annex 6 to the Separate Agreement) including the General Conditions of KfW for Disbursements under the Disposi-tion Fund Procedure (Attachment C to Annex 6 to the Separate Agreement) will be applied. In this context separate Disposition Funds will be held and managed by the Consultant for each project component in order to do disbursements for investments, goods and services required for project implementation. For the purpose of the Disposition Fund a Special Euro Account will be opened at a commercial bank/central bank in Ethiopia so there will be one such account for each of the two sources respectively. Furthermore, there will be a Special ETB Account at the same bank and a Special ETB Sub-Account at regional level (all for each of the two sources respectively) from where most of the project related disbursements will be effected.

An independent audit firm will conduct annual audits covering financial management and procurement procedures. Non-objection from the auditors and from KfW is a precondition for release of funds.

MoANR and KfW will conduct joint annual progress review missions.

A work plan prepared by the PIU and covering all project activities will be updated annually, and approved by the Steering Committee. It will serve as a reference base for project management, input-output monitoring and half-year progress reports. To secure the proper operation of the funded investments, the PIU shall submit to KfW an operation and maintenance concept prior to completion of works. A respective Procurement Plan to be submitted to KfW will be established by the PIU and up-dated accordingly with the project progress.

Due to the innovative character, especially of the rangeland rehabilitation operations, the Consultant shall have the capacity to act in a flexible way in order to find adequate solutions with regards to eventually occurring challenges that have to be addressed in a proactive way.


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Since security issues may be relevant in the intervention area and may affect the implemen-tation of project activities and the mobility of project staff, the Consultant shall develop and regularly update a crisis preparedness strategy in order to define appropriate mitigation measures for his personnel in case of such a need arising.

6.1.1. The Tasks of the Consultant regarding SDR-1

Key activities to be carried out by the Consultant in this project component and in close coordination with requirements of project component SDR-2 include:

• Establish programme office (logistics including vehicles); • Recruit and train Programme staff; • Prepare Project Implementation Manual and train and supervise staff in its applica-

tion; • Install financial management and procurement system, prepare regular accounts and

fund requests; • Install M&E system for progress, output and impact monitoring; • Establish internal and external reporting systems; prepare regular progress reports

containing information on physical achievements on the works done; • Initiate external audits; • Coordinate, communicate, liaise with other stakeholders, projects, authorities, NGOs,

beneficiaries; • Prepare and update Plan of Operation / Inception Report and Annual Plans; • Organise exchange of experience with projects experienced in de-bushing and large-

scale range rehabilitation (e.g. Namibia, Niger); • Procure machines and special equipment for large scale soil and water conservation

and rehabilitation of degraded rangeland and farmland; • Recruit, train and supervise specialists for the operation of machines and special

equipment (in case this option will be followed; alternative would be to outsource ser-vice packages to service providers instead of recruiting and training staff);

• Implement large scale de-bushing and rangeland rehabilitation operations; • Support preparation of land use plans and range improvement and management

plans with pastoral user groups (in cooperation with TC and BoPAD); • Make agreements on range management with pastoral user groups (together with

TC); • Recruit and train staff in use of mobile unit; • Use mobile unit in conjunction with de-bushing operations; • Organise cooperation with workshops in order to ensure maintenance and servicing

of machines and special equipment; • Procure or collect and produce seed and plants for rangeland improvement; • Establish storage capacities, sites for mineral food production etc.; • Procure mobile biolysis unit / charcoal kiln; • Develop concept for economic use of mobile pyrolysis unit products (soil amendment

and other uses); • Prepare maintenance/operating manuals to ensure sustainable rangeland manage-

ment by the communities after the end of the project activities and sensitize and train communities accordingly;

• Conduct sensitization campaigns with the objective to identify potential sites for re-spective interventions with regard to innovative technical solutions

• Launch and supervise site specific feasibility studies


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• Develop an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a Reset-tlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the respective selected investment measures (ref. Annex I);

• Prepare technical designs and plans (quality assurance), prepare tender dossiers and launch tenders;

• Prepare contracts of service providers, suppliers and construction companies; • Supervise construction works as well as soil and water conservation measures, un-

dertake acceptance of works; • Develop a strategy for the use of the special machines, equipment and techniques af-

ter project completion.

The Consultant shall administer a Disposition Fund on behalf of the PEA according to the “Supplementary Conditions of KfW for Payments under the Disposition Funds Procedure”. For this purpose the Consultant shall

• Open a trust account / trust accounts, which shall bear interest. • Ensure, that payments to contractors are being effected according to the relevant

supply and service contracts and establish an adequate internal control system e.g. for the release of payments.

• Keep records of all disbursements effected out of the Disposition Fund according to the supply and service contracts financed out of the disposition fund and the cost cat-egories agreed upon.

• Support the Employer in establishing requests for replenishments of the Disposition Fund in order to maintain an adequate liquidity position.

• Establish the statements of expenditures to be sent to KfW as evidence of the use of funds together with supporting documents e.g. bank account statements.

• Ensure a periodical audit of the disposition fund by an independent auditor on the ba-sis of Terms of Reference provided by KfW.

• Inform the Employer and KfW immediately if relevant problems occur.

For individual contract/measures of more than EUR 350,000 each or equivalent shall be dis-bursed according to the “Simplified Direct Disbursement Procedure”. The Consultant will

• examine invoices submitted by Contractors on the basis of the supply and service contracts to determine whether the services and supplies being invoiced were actual-ly performed.

• examine that the payment has fallen due and all necessary documents are available as required in the supply and service contracts.

• examine that the documents to be presented include valid down payment and imple-mentation guarantees in accordance with the specimen required by KfW, (validity, guarantee amount), if applicable, insurance policies and transport documents.

• examine whether the regulations concerning the disbursement procedure that are agreed between the Employer and KfW – and are passed on to the Consultant – are being adhered to.

• In so far as the above mentioned conditions are met, ‒ certify the copy of the contractor’s invoice, ‒ certify the disbursement request to be addressed to KfW by the Employer ac-

cordingly.

The Consultant will keep the relevant documents ready for inspection by the Employer/KfW.


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6.1.2 The Tasks of the Consultant regarding SDR-2 Key activities to be carried out by the Consultant in this project component and in close coordination with requirements for project component SDR-1 include:

• Establish programme office (logistics including vehicles); • Recruit and train Programme staff; • Prepare Project Implementation Manual and train and supervise staff in its applica-

tion; • Install financial management and procurement system, prepare regular accounts and

fund requests; • Install M&E system for progress and impact monitoring as well as for output and ac-

tivity monitoring; • Establish internal and external reporting system, prepare regular progress reports, in-

cluding, amongst other topics, financial issues and physical achievements; • Initiate external audits; • Coordinate, communicate, liaise with other stakeholders, projects, authorities, NGOs,

beneficiaries; • Prepare and update Plan of Operation / Inception Report and Annual Plans; • Organize exchange of experience with projects; • Initiate detailed Feasibility Studies for specific project interventions; • Prepare participatory community development plans (prepare land use plans / water

use plans and range improvement and management plans together with pastoral user groups and in liaison with TC);

• Procure equipment and train and supervise specialists for operating it; • Launch and supervise site specific feasibility studies; • Develop an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) and a

Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the respective selected investment measures (ref. Annex I);

• Prepare technical designs and plans (quality assurance), prepare tender dossiers and launch tenders;

• Prepare contracts of service providers, suppliers and construction companies; • Supervise construction works, undertake acceptance of works; • Prepare maintenance/operating manuals to ensure sustainable use of the new

schemes by the communities after the end of the project activities; • Provide support (investment related training and coaching) of users

groups/beneficiaries in the fields of agronomy, farming systems, fodder production and conservation, animal husbandry and feeding, agro-economy, etc.;

• Provide financial assistance and technical support to user groups / initiatives in the fields of input supply, marketing, processing of agro-pastoral products (milk, vegeta-bles, fruits, fodder) such as storage and production facilities, equipment and machin-ery;

• Establish and coach user groups in operation and maintenance of irrigation and water harvesting systems.

The tasks of the Consultant shall include administering a disposition fund on behalf of the MoANR according to the “Supplementary Conditions of KfW for Payments under the Dis-position Funds Procedure”. For this purpose the Consultant shall

• Open a trust account / trust accounts, which shall bear interest.


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• Ensure, that payments to contractors are being effected according to the relevant supply and service contracts and establish an adequate internal control system e.g. for the release of payments.

• Keep records of all disbursements effected out of the Disposition Fund according to the supply and service contracts financed out of the disposition fund and the cost cat-egories agreed upon.

• Support the MoANR in establishing requests for replenishments of the Disposition Fund in order to maintain an adequate liquidity position.

• Establish the statements of expenditures to be sent to KfW as evidence of the use of funds together with supporting documents e.g. bank account statements.

• Ensure a periodical audit of the disposition fund by an independent auditor on the ba-sis of Terms of Reference provided by KfW.

• Inform the MoANR and KfW immediately if relevant problems occur.

For individual contract/measures of more than EUR 350,000 each or equivalent shall be dis-bursed according to the “Simplified Direct Disbursement Procedure”. The Consultant will

• examine invoices submitted by Contractors on the basis of the supply and service contracts to determine whether the services and supplies being invoiced were actual-ly performed.

• examine that the payment has fallen due and all necessary documents are available as required in the supply and service contracts.

• examine that the documents to be presented include valid down payment and imple-mentation guarantees in accordance with the specimen required by KfW, (validity, guarantee amount), if applicable, insurance policies and transport documents.

• examine whether the regulations concerning the disbursement procedure that are agreed between the Employer and KfW – and are passed on to the Consultant – are being adhered to.

• In so far as the above mentioned conditions are met, ‒ certify the copy of the contractor’s invoice, ‒ certify the disbursement request to be addressed to KfW by the Employer ac-

cordingly.

The Consultant will keep the relevant documents ready for inspection by the Employer/KfW.

7. The Consulting Team

Consulting services are required to support MoANR as the Project Executing Agency (PEA), in particular the Natural Resources Management Directorate, in project implementation and management including the development of the governance structure of the programme, pro-vision of advice on technical aspects of project implementation, preparation of ToRs and conduction of tenders, supervision of contracts for works and services, support to the finan-cial management of the project (including management of a disposition fund), and reporting. In order to achieve the envisaged results, the consultant will support the MoANR on national level and at the same time the Bureau of Pastoralists and Agricultural Development (BoPAD) on local and a coordination structure on regional level.

To this end, the Consultant will be responsible for providing expertise and technical staff for the Project Implementation Unit (PIU) with offices in Addis Ababa (branch office) and the Afar region (main office in Semera/Logiya), Ethiopia. The services are to be delivered by a team being comprised of international and national long-term as well as international and national


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short-term expert staff, and other professional and administrative support staff. Efficient management and backstopping services shall be made available.

The Consultant is advised to take into account the complementarity of the two project com-ponents when defining the profiles of the team members to be assigned. Some of the team members will work exclusively for SDR-1, others exclusively for SDR-2, while some staff will be shared between the two project components.

The Project team shall be headed by an international Chief Technical Adviser (CTA) and a National Deputy Chief Technical Adviser (DCTA). Another international expert shall be avail-able to represent the CTA in his or her absence as second deputy CTA.

Home Office Backstopping Expert (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

The Home Office Backstopping Expert shall act as backstopper for the implementation team and shall fulfil his (her) tasks from the office of the Consultant. Field missions will be con-ducted on demand. Backstopping services carried out from the home office will be regarded as part of the Consultant’s overhead services and cannot be charged directly. Relevant travel costs for field missions, however, can be charged to the Consultant’s project budget. It is expected that the Home Office Backstopping Expert will be responsible for both SDR-1 and SDR-2.

Profile (Qualifications): • Educational background in rural development or natural resource management; • Professional experience in the development cooperation sector; • Strong background in management and financial administration of international pro-

jects; specific knowledge of German Financial Cooperation (management proce-dures, technical and financial reporting, etc.) is strongly recommended;

• Experience as backstopper for similar projects and programmes; • Proven track record in project planning, monitoring, evaluation, and implementation; • Experience in preparing and evaluating proposals, cost-estimates and financial offers; • Own international work experience (work experience in Africa would be an asset); • Proficiency in the English language.

Specific Tasks: • Assure quality of overall project implementation; • Hold regular contacts with the implementation partners in order to make sure that the

implementation process is efficient and demand-driven; • Provide backstopping to the implementation team on technical, financial and adminis-

trative issues; • Provide both remote backstopping services and backstopping during field missions; • Act as primary point of contact for KfW; • Support the development of a crisis preparedness strategy for the Consultant’s per-

sonnel; • Take the ultimate responsibility for reporting.

International Chief Technical Adviser (CTA) – full time expert (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

The Chief Technical Advisor will work on a full time basis throughout the assignment. The CTA will be based in the Afar region (Semera) with frequent travels to Addis Ababa. This position will be shared between SDR-1 and SDR-2.


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Profile (Qualifications): • Postgraduate university degree in agro-economy or a related discipline (natural re-

source management in a wider sense); • At least 10 years of practical professional experience in the sector (own practical ex-

perience in the sector preferably through long-term assignments); • Good understanding and proven track record in areas such as integrated rural devel-

opment, land use planning, participatory approaches, community development, natural resource management, land use techniques, etc.

• Work experience preferably in African countries with similar socio-economic condi-tions; previous work in African dry land ecosystems and/or with pastoral communities would be a strong asset;

• Experience as team leader preferably in long-term assignments; • Strong background in management and financial administration of development pro-

jects; • Professional experience with donor-funded projects; specific knowledge of German

Financial Cooperation (management procedures, reporting, etc.) would be a strong asset;

• Proficiency in the English language is a requirement.

Specific Tasks: The tasks of the CTA are comprehensive and include (but are not necessari-ly restricted to) the following:

• Provide MoANR with advice and guidance on the implementation of the project; • Provide general management and oversight of the project results and measures in ac-

cordance with the approved log frame and time schedule; • Identify specific targets and verifiable indicators based on the existing logframe in con-

sultation with the MoANR and KfW, and monitor progress and performance based on these indicators;

• Prepare together with the PIU the Inception Report, the annual work plans/operational plans and reports;

• Assist in procuring works, goods and consulting services according to agreed proce-dures;

• Manage the two disposition funds (for SDR-1 and SDR-2), including (cross-checking) assessment of disbursement claims (specimen signature for Withdrawal Applications);

• Carry out the financial monitoring of approved budgets; • Work together with the other members of the PIU with national and local stakeholders

to develop appropriate approaches on implementing the project; communicate under the guidance of the Steering Committee with national and international stakeholders or cooperation partners for strengthening the project approach;

• Link project measures with the experiences and other ongoing activities supported by German Technical Cooperation;

• Carry out the technical and contractual supervision of project personnel and sub-contractors; oversee construction work in coordination with the engineering consult-ants;

• Act as local primary point of contact for MoANR and the various cooperation partners; • Support the evaluation/review of the project (including during inspection missions) as

appropriate; • Manage and coordinate M&E activities;


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• Develop and regularly update a crisis preparedness strategy for the Consultant’s per-sonnel.

National Deputy Chief Technical Adviser (DCTA) – full time expert (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

The National Deputy Chief Technical Adviser will work under the guidance and supervision of the Chief Technical Advisor. He/she will work on a full-time basis throughout the assignment. The duty station will be Addis Ababa with frequent travels to the Afar region. The DCTA will be responsible for both SDR-1 and SDR-2.

Profile (Qualifications): • Postgraduate university degree in a discipline of rural development; • Proven work experience in areas such as community development, integrated rural

development, adaptation to climate change, natural resource management, and partic-ipation; practical experience in dry land management would be a strong asset;

• At least 10 years of practical professional experience in the sector; • Experience as team leader and project manager; • Work experience with donor-funded projects; • Strong networking experiences and capacities in Ethiopia to decision makers, NGOs,

and experts related to the project’ topics. • Proficiency in the English language; proficiency in Afar language would be an asset.

Specific Tasks: The tasks of the National Deputy Chief Technical Adviser are comprehensive and include (but are not necessarily restricted to) the following:

• Work closely under the guidance of the CTA with the PIU and national stakeholders to develop appropriate approaches for implementing the project;

• Replace the CTA in periods of his absence; • Contribute to the general management and oversight of the programme results and

measures in accordance with the approved log frame and time schedule and in close cooperation with the CTA;

• Link the project with all relevant departments and units of MoANR; • Assist the CTA in coordinating activities with other development partners; • Assist the CTA in preparing reports and annual work plans/operational plans; • Work together with the procurement officer in procuring works, goods and consulting

services according to agreed procedures and in line with Ethiopia’s national laws; • Provide technical guidance as regards the preparation of the ToRs of short-term ex-

perts and assistance as regards the selection of appropriate candidates; • Assist in financial monitoring of approved budgets; • Supervise under the guidance of the CTA programme personnel (including support

staff) and sub-contractors (including short-term experts).

International Technical Adviser on Dryland Management – full time expert (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

The International Technical Adviser on Dryland Management will work on a full time basis throughout the assignment. He/she will be based in the Afar region (Semera) with frequent travels to Addis Ababa. He/she will represent the CTA in his or her absence as second depu-ty CTA. This position will be shared between SDR-1 and SDR-2.


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Profile (Qualifications): • Postgraduate university degree in a field relevant for rural development (e.g. agricul-

ture, landscape planning, environmental planning, geography or similar) with a spe-cialisation in a field relevant for this assignment;

• At least 8 years of practical professional experience in the sector. Relevant topics in-clude integrated rural development, dryland farming, small-scale irrigation, livestock management, rangeland management, etc.

• Good understanding and proven track record in areas such as participatory land use planning, community development, strengthening of self-help approaches, etc.

• Work experience preferably in African countries with similar ecological and socio-economic conditions;

• Work experience with pastoral communities in African would be a strong asset; • Track record for work for donor-funded projects; • Proficiency in the English language is a requirement.

Specific Tasks: The tasks of the International Technical Adviser on Dryland Management are comprehensive and include (but are not necessarily restricted to) the following:

• Contribute to the preparation of site-specific planning and feasibility studies which will serve as a base for tendering of works.

• Select together with experts appropriate technologies for the tasks of the project; • Support CTA in preparation of the Inception Report, the annual work plans/operational

plans and other reports; • Assist in the selection of short-term experts and sub-contractors (preparation of ToRs,

technical aspects), supervision); • Carry out the technical and contractual supervision of sub-contractors; oversee con-

struction work in coordination with the engineering consultants; • Develop strategies with regard to the application of innovative technical approaches of

both project components, follow-up of conclusions (develop best practice strategies, potentials for further up-scaling, exchange with reference projects and research cen-tres/institutes);

• Represent the CTA in the absence of both the CTA and Deputy CTA (second deputy CTA).

• Coordinate the activities with German Technical Cooperation (GIZ).

National Rangeland Management Specialist – full time expert (for SDR-1)

The role of the National Rangeland Specialist is to contribute to the work of the PIU in the planning and implementation of all measures related to the management rangeland including de-bushing measures and rangeland improvement measures. The duty station of the Nation-al Rangeland Specialist will be. the Afar region.

Profile (Qualifications): • Educational background in agriculture, rural development or a similar discipline; • Practical experience in rangeland management (establishment of rotation systems,

de-bushing, enrichment plantations) in dry and semi-dry areas; • Expertise in respect of ploughing and other relevant rangeland rehabilitation

measures; • Expertise in de-bushing of rangeland and further treatment and transformation of bio-

mass;


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• Experience and proven track record in participatory methods in rural communities (work experience in pastoral communities would be an asset);

• Proficiency in the English language; proficiency in Afar language would be a strong asset.

Specific Tasks: The tasks of this expert are comprehensive and include (but are not neces-sarily restricted to) the following:

• Prepare rangeland use plans together with the local communities and in cooperation with TC;

• Advise on enrichment plantings on rangeland; • Support the selection of suited sites for intervention (together with National Soil and

Water Conservation Specialist); • Select appropriate technologies for de-bushing of rangeland and further treatment and

transformation of biomass; • Support the elaboration of tender documents for measures to be implemented and

evaluate bids; • Assist in the selection of a sub-contractor for de-bushing measures ; • Taking part in supervision of works, acceptance of works; • Establish baselines and follow-up of project indicators; • Assist local communities in maintaining the quality of rangeland; • Work together with other experts in the team for planning and implementation of ap-

propriate rangeland measures; • Coordinate the activities with German Technical Cooperation (GIZ).

National Soil and Water Conservation Specialist – full-time expert (for SDR-1)

The role of the National Soil and Water Conservation Specialist is to contribute to the work of the PIU in the planning and implementation of all measures related to the management of natural resources in particular soil and water, particularly for the rehabilitation of rangeland. The duty station of the National Soil and Water Conservation Specialist will be the Afar re-gion.

Profile (Qualifications): • Educational background in hydraulic engineering or a similar related discipline; • Good knowledge and at least 7 years of practical experience in hydrology and water

resource management in dry and semi-dry areas; • Good knowledge and experience in the design, establishment and operation of soil

and water conservation measures; • Experience and proven track record in participatory methods; • Proficiency in the English language; proficiency in Afar language would be a strong

asset.


• Prepare land use plans together with the local population and in coordination with German Technical Cooperation (GIZ);

• Advise on soil and water conservation measures and technologies;


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• Support the selection of suited sites for intervention (together with National Rangeland Management Specialist);Support the elaboration of tender documents for measures to be implemented;

• Taking part in supervision of works, acceptance of works; • Contribute to the elaboration of environmental and social impact assessments for the

individual measures to be implemented; • Establish baselines and follow-up of project indicators; • Work with the project team on the development of a strategy for soil conservation

measures; • Work together with the rangeland management specialist on planning and implemen-

tation of soil rehabilitation measures.

National Civil Engineer/Hydraulic Engineer – full-time expert (for SDR-2)

The role of the National Civil Engineer/Hydraulic Engineer is to contribute to the work of the PIU in the planning and implementation of all measures related to farmland management and production systems. The duty station of the National Soil and Water Conservation Specialist will be the Afar region.

Profile (Qualifications):

• Postgraduate qualification in water supply engineering or a similar field; • At least 7 years of practical work experience related to water infrastructure measures

(e.g. construction/rehabilitation of rural water infrastructure, preferably with regard to water harvesting);

• Work experience gained in international organisations, public sector institutions and/or funding agencies;



• Assistance to the CTA and the civil engineers (short-term consultants) in the site se-lection, the assessment/feasibility study for the construction of small-scale irrigation systems and water pipelines (and possibly other smaller water supply systems);

• Support the selection of suited sites for intervention (together with National Rangeland Management Specialist);

• Support the elaboration of tender documents for measures to be implemented; • Support the establishment of designs (including BoQ); • Identification of implementation options for rural water infrastructures (contractors,

NGOs, etc.) • Taking part in supervision of works, acceptance of works; • Contribute to the elaboration of environmental and social impact assessments for the

individual measures to be implemented; • Work with the project team on the development of a strategy for soil conservation

measures; • Establish baselines and follow-up of project indicators.


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National Irrigation Agronomist – full-time expert (for SDR-2)

The role of the National Irrigation Agronomist is to contribute to the work of the PIU in the planning and implementation of all measures related to agriculture including the work with water user groups. The National Irrigation Agronomist will be based in the Afar region.


• Postgraduate qualification in agronomy (agriculture, agro-economy, rural develop-ment, etc.);

• At least 7 years of practical work experience in the field of irrigation agriculture (focus on small-scale irrigation would be an asset);

• Good knowledge in assessing the economic feasibility of investments in the field of agriculture and rural development;

• Practical work experience with estimating investment costs and recurrent costs; • Proven knowledge in the economics of irrigation agronomy; • Experience with international organisations, public sector institutions and/or funding

agencies; • Proficiency in the English language; proficiency in Afar language would be a strong

asset.


• Advise on the cultivation of food crops, vegetables, fruit trees and fodder crops; • Design and assist in implementing demonstration plots for innovative agricultural

crops; • Provide technical support to the conservation and marketing of local agricultural

products; • Contribute to the preparation of land use plans together with the local population and

in coordination with German Technical Cooperation (GIZ); • Assist local communities in setting up water user groups (associations); • Work together with the civil /hydraulic engineer and the soil and on planning and con-

struction of appropriate rural water infrastructures; • Taking part in supervision of works, acceptance of works; • Contribute to the elaboration of environmental and social impact assessments for the

individual measures to be implemented; • Establish baselines and follow-up of project indicators.

National Monitoring & Evaluation Expert – full time expert (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

The Monitoring & Evaluation Expert is a full-time position and he/she shall work under the supervision of the CTA and Deputy CTA. The duty station will be Semera.

Profile (Qualifications): • Postgraduate qualification in an appropriate field such as business administration; • At least 7 years of practical work experience in this field, gained in international or-

ganisations, and/or funding agencies; • Good knowledge of administrative procedures and experience in programme/project

implementation, monitoring and evaluation; experience with German Financial Coop-eration would be a strong asset;


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• Assist and advise the PIU in the administrative aspects of the day-to-day implementa-tion of project activities;

• Work with the PIU towards conducting appropriate baselines aiming at monitoring of project activities;

• Develop a Monitoring & Evaluation system for progress and impact monitoring as well as for output and activity monitoring;

• Develop an appropriate data collecting strategy, establish an adequate structure, col-lect and analyse both quantitative and qualitative data on physical achievements;

• On the basis of gathered M&E information, give recommendations with regard to the strategic orientation of the project.

National Procurement Officer – full time expert (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

The Procurement Officer is a full-time position and he/she shall work under the supervision of the CTA and Deputy CTA. The duty station will be Semera.

Profile (Qualifications): • Postgraduate qualification in an appropriate field such as business administration; • At least 7 years of practical work experience in this field, gained in international or-

ganisations, and/or funding agencies; • Good knowledge of administrative procedures and experience in programme/project

implementation, procurement, and financial management; experience with German Financial Cooperation would be a strong asset;



• Assist and advise the PIU in the administrative aspects of the day-to-day implementa-tion of project activities;

• Work with the PIU towards developing tender documents for procurement of services and products;

• Prepare Terms of Reference and tender documents for the awarding of contracts for providing goods and services, and support organising and supervising the tender pro-cesses;

• Make sure that all tender procedures are in line with KfW’s rules and regulations and with the more specific provisions made in the Separate Agreement concluded be-tween MoANR and KfW;

• Assist in coordinating the elaboration of prioritised annual management and imple-mentation plans and periodical planning;

• Support the financial management of the programme; • Support MoANR and KfW in audit and evaluation/review processes.


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International Procurement & Financial Expert - intermittent medium-term expert (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

The Procurement Expert is an intermittent short-term position and he/she shall work under the supervision of the CTA to support the national procurement officer and project account-ant.


• Postgraduate qualification in an appropriate field such as business administration; • At least 7 years of practical work experience in this procurement and financial man-

agement, gained in international organisations, public sector institutions and/or fund-ing agencies;

• Work experience with the rules & regulations, standards and administrative proce-dures of German Financial Cooperation, particularly with regard to disbursement pro-cedures according to disposition funds (general management, withdrawal applica-tions, audits, etc.);

• Good knowledge of tender procedures; • Proficiency in the English language is a requirement.


• Provide assistance and backstopping services to the national procurement officer; • Train the procurement officer (and possible other relevant persons) in relevant fields; • Develop operational guidelines for administrative project operation; • Contribute to the management of the disposition fund; • Finalise Terms of Reference and tender documents for the awarding of contracts for

providing goods and services, and support organising and supervising the tender pro-cesses;

• Make sure (through supervising the procurement officer) that all tender procedures are in line with KfW’s rules and regulations and with the more specific provisions made in the Separate Agreement concluded between MoANR and KfW;

• Support financial programme management (management of special accounts, man-agement of dispositions funds for SDR-1 and SDR-2, elaboration of withdrawal appli-cations);

• Support the project accountant in financial management issues; • Support MoANR and KfW in audit and evaluation/review processes.

Pool of International and National Short-term Experts (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

Detailed profiles of the individual experts required during project implementation cannot be given at this stage. While the Consultant is expected to make proposals for the assignments of short-term consultants, decisions on the actual assignments will be taken demand-based in the course of further project development.

The detailed Inception Report that will include the Operational Plan for the first year of the assignment shall contain all information about planned activities and will thus further specify the scope of work of short-term experts to be undertaken. Minimum requirements of short-term experts are:

• Postgraduate qualification in an appropriate discipline related to the subject of the pro-ject;


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• At least 7 years of practical work experience in one or several of the relevant fields, with significant part of that experience gained in internationally funded projects;

• Regional experience: for national experts, work experience in the Afar region would be an asset; for international experts, work experience in Ethiopia would be an asset;

• Proficiency in the English language; knowledge of a local language (Afar language) would be an asset.

At this stage, the Consultant is invited to present five CVs of international and five CVs of national experts. These experts should comprise various complementary fields which the Consultant deems necessary. The multi-sectoral and innovative approach of both project components requires a flexible mobilisation of the required expertise, especially with regards to special subjects like ploughing according to VS technology, ploughing under of organic manner for improvement of soil texture, biochar, wood chipping, pyrolysis, etc. (SDR-1) as well as water spreading weirs and water harvesting structures like spate irrigation (SDR-2). The Consultant should give in his financial offer average rates for international and average rates for national experts.

Support Staff (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

The Consultant will require support staff to run the project. Aspects such as

• office management, • bookkeeping (project accountant), and • driving

need to be considered. The Consultant will make proposals to this end and will make the necessary financial provisions in his offer. No CVs of support staff will be examined at this stage of the selection process. It is expected that all Support Staff will be equally shared be-tween SDR-1 and SDR-2.

Overall Personnel Input (for SDR-1 & SDR-2)

The summary table does not include support staff.

The time input of all international long-term experts and of international and national short-term experts is given here excluding vacations, whereas the time input of national long-term staff is presented including vacations.

The durations of the assignments given here are overall inputs, but the inputs may fluctuate over the project period.

Staff Type SDR-1 SDR-2 Total Home Office Backstopping Expert Int’l. n/a n/a n/a

Chief Technical Adviser (CTA) Int’l. 16.5 16.5 33.0

Deputy Chief Technical Adviser (DCTA) Nat. 19.5 19.5 39.0

Technical Adviser Dryland Management Int’l. 16.5 16.5 33.0

Rangeland Management Expert Nat. 27.0 39.0

Soil and Water Conservation Specialist Nat. 27.0 39.0

Civil Engineer / Hydraulic Engineer Nat. 39.0 39.0

Irrigation agronomist Nat. 39.0 39.0

Monitoring & Evaluation Expert Nat. 19.5 19.5 39.0


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Procurement Officer Nat. 19.5 19.5 39.0

Procurement & Financial Expert Int’l 2.0 2.0 4.0

National Experts Nat. 35.0 35.0 70.0

Int’l. Short-term Experts Int’l. 10.0 4.0 14.0

TOTAL Int’l. 45.0 39.0 78.0 Nat. 147.5 171.5 304.0

Optional offer of consulting Services:

The Consultant is invited to offer the services of the national Rangeland Management Expert and of the Soil and Water Conservation Specialist for an additional period of up to 12 months (for the case that the implementation period of SDR-1 will be extended).

Staff Type SDR-1 SDR-2 Total Rangeland Management Expert Nat. Up to 12.0 12.0

Soil and Water Conservation Specialist Nat. Up to 12.0 12.0

The Consultant is free to suggest an alternative staffing concept. However, any alternative needs to be presented as an additional option (in addition to the “standard” option given here).

The consultant will be flexible to use the budget for national experts either for short-term ex-perts or for long-term experts, and this can be decided demand-driven during project imple-mentation. For this purpose, the financial offer should distinguish between the unit prices for short-term national experts and long-term national experts.

8. Reporting It needs to be distinguished between reporting for SDR-1 and SDR-2. The Consultant shall submit for each of the project components the following reports:

• The Consultant will prepare an Inception Report to be handed in eight weeks after the start of the assignment. This plan shall contain all information about planned activities and will thus further specify the scope of works to be undertaken. This report will in-clude the Operational Plan for year 1 and the tentative Procurement Plan. The Incep-tion Report shall clearly differentiate between the components SDR-1 and SDR-2.

• The Consultant will prepare brief semi-annual project progress reports. These reports shall report to KfW the progress of the project and the physical achievements, both quantitative and qualitative data and on all circumstances that might jeopardize the achievement of the overall objective, the project purpose and the results. The semi-annual progress reports must have been received by KfW not later than 2 months af-ter the end of the period under review. Separate progress reports have to be submit-ted for SDR-1 and SDR-2.

• Quarterly financial reports (separate reports for SDR-1 and SDR-2);


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• Annual Work Plans including budget plans and actualised Procurement Plans will be prepared for the subsequent years. These plans shall be developed jointly with the PEA, and shall be presented to MoANR and KfW for final approval. These reports shall be due at the beginning of the second quarter of each calendar year. Separate reports have to be submitted for SDR-1 and SDR-2.

• When the assignment concludes, the Consultant shall present final or completion re-ports in which a resume of the services provided is presented with the respective documentation. These reports shall contain Information on the measures carried out and objectives achieved as well as lessons learned and recommendations for further interventions if necessary. A draft of the final reports shall be presented by the Con-sultant no more than six weeks after the conclusion of the activities. The definitive version shall be presented to PEA/KfW within four weeks of having received the comments on the draft from PEA and KfW. Separate completion reports have to be submitted for SDR-1 and SDR-2.

• Reports on specific subjects usually prepared by medium- and short-term consultants upon completion of their mission to be handed in to the PIU and MoANR. Additionally, brief reports on the implementation status of the FC programme may be required on a demand-driven basis.

All reports need to be submitted in two hard copies each, of which one copy is to be addressed to MoANR and one copy to KfW. In addition to the hard copies, the reports are also to be submitted in electronic format (WORD and PDF files). Reporting language is English.

9. Logistics and Location The Consultant will have to run a main office in the Afar region, presumably in Semera where the regional administration is based, and a (small/branch) office in Addis Ababa. The costs of the offices should be shared between SDR-1 and SDR-2.

The Consultant will provide a budget for purchasing four new 4x4 vehicles (two for SDR-1 and two for SDR-2). One of these vehicles will be dedicated to Addis, the other three to the project area. The costs will be added to the consulting contract and have to be priced by the Tenderer in his offer. However, the costs for operating these vehicles (insurances, fuel, maintenance, etc.) should be offered by the Tenderer under fixed costs as monthly running costs per vehicle. The vehicles purchased for the performance of the Consultant’s Services shall be handed over to the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources after completion of the services. In this sense, the Consultant shall handle with due care and maintain any equipment.

10. Programme Duration The overall duration of the assignment is expected to be 39 months and the financial and technical proposals shall be based on this assignment period.

According to the current budget allocation, the component SDR-1 has to be completed by the end of 2018. It will not be possible to release payments for component SDR-1 after 31.12.2018 unless the extension of the period has been approved by BMZ. The Consultant has to take this into account in his technical and financial proposals as requested in GCT 2.02 and ToR (p. 44-45).

Documents

Annex A Terms of Reference (ToR) - gopa.de · Strengthening Drought Resilience in Ethiopian ASAL Conditions of Tender Annexes Page 19 Annex A Terms of Reference (ToR) Table of Contents