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8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
1/24
www.sbac.co.uk
SBAC
salamanca square
9 albert embankment
london
se1 7sp
tel: +44 (0)20 7091 4500
fax: +44 (0)20 7091 4545
e-mail: [email protected]
uk aerospaceindustry survey
2006
representing companies supplyingcivil air transport, aerospace
defence & space
sponsored by
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
2/24
.01
contents
about SBAC 2
data and information 2
UK aerospace in 2005 -
a message from the
SBAC President 3
sustainable aviation 5
revenue 6
orders 16
financial 18
research and development 20
employment 26
SMEs 32
international trade 38
global trends 40
Photographs reproduced with the kind permission of:
Airbus SAS
AgustaWestland
BAE Systems
EADS
Eurofighter GmbH
Gardner Aerospace
Rolls-Royce plc
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
3/24
SBACs UK aerospace industry survey is the
most comprehensive analysis of companies
supplying the civil air transport, aerospace
defence and space sectors. This years results
show that the aerospace industry is enjoying a
sustained period of growth and UK based
companies are successfully winning business in
an increasingly competitive global marketplace.
The survey shows that 2005 was a phenomenal
year for the UK aerospace industry with
substantial increases in turnover, employment,
R&D investment and new orders. The sector
has demonstrated a remarkable resilience and
determination to remain the largest aerospace
industry outside the USA and has world leading
companies across a range of products and
technologies.
In 2005 turnover increased by 25 per cent to
22.67 billion, taking sector sales back to pre
9/11 levels. Civil aerospace revenue increased
for the second year in a row, rising by 18.3 per
cent to 10.5 billion and defence sales
increased to 12.2 billion, up more than 30 per
cent on 2004.
New orders increased by 33 per cent to a
record high of 30.8 billion, 135 per cent of
2005 turnover, with orders evenly balanced
between civil and defence programmes. The
strong order book reflects increasing demand
in emerging economies like China and India and
continued investment in defence capability.
The SBAC survey shows UK aerospace directly
employs 124,237, an increase of nearly 10,000
on the previous year, supporting a total of
276,000 jobs across the UK economy. The
aerospace industry provides high value
.03.02
SBAC is the national trade associationrepresenting suppliers to the civil air
transport, aerospace defence and space
markets operating in the UK economy.
Together with its regional partners, it
represents over 2,600 companies, assisting
them to develop new business globally,
facilitates innovation and competitiveness
and provides regulatory services i n technical
standards and accreditation.
SBAC members interests encompass
aerospace manufacturing, maintenance and
through life service, professional advice,
academic research, training and education,
the British Airports Group and UK Industrial
Space Committee.
data and informationThe information provided in this booklet is
primarily the result of the UK aerospace
industry (UKAI) survey of 2005 undertaken by
SBAC in 2006. In 2006 SBAC simpli fied the
survey significantly following consultations with
respondents. However SBAC does not believe
that this has changed the overall patterns
significantly.
Data has been collected not only from SBAC
member companies but also other aerospace
companies (eg consortia, joint ventures, non-
members and airline maintenance companies)
both in the UK and the rest of the world.
The results of the survey are used by a wide
variety of stakeholders in the aerospace
industry, including government ministers and
departments (including Department of Trade
and Industry, Ministry of Defence, Department
of Transport, Defence Export Services
Organisation and UK Trade and Investment),
SBAC member companies and respondents
to the survey.
Additional analyses and background reports
on the UK aerospace industry are available
separately from the SBAC website
www.sbac.co.uk
about SBAC UK aerospace in 2005
employment with average salaries of 33,000,
some 8,000 more than manufacturing as a
whole. The industry also has a strong
commitment to developing young people with
the survey showing the sector employing
2,700 apprentices.
The increase in employment reflects a
significant rise in output and has been
accompanied by an even greater increase in
productivity. Productivity per employee
increased by 15 per cent, significantly exceeding
the industrys long term trend, and demonstrating
the significant investment that is being made
by companies in process improvement.
There was a welcome 31 per cent increase in
R&D spending in 2005, up to 2.7 billion.
Investment in the development of new technology
is essential for long-term competitiveness and
the progress of the National Aerospace
Technology Strategy has the highest priority
across the sector.
The increasing globalisation of the aerospace
industry is demonstrated by the continued
growth in employment and turnover of UK
a message from the SBAC President
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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.07.06
revenue
figure 1 UK aerospace industry sales and employment 1980 - 2005
sales(2005bn)
employment(000s)
year
sales (lhs) 22.67
employment (rhs) 124,237
Since 1980, the civil sector has been the engine of growth and this
year it continued the trend with an 18.3 per cent increase, well
above the long term trend rates of 4.7 per cent per annum.
Defence increased by 31.8 per cent, well above trend which has
been static in real terms.
figure 2 UK aerospace industry real growth of sales civil anddefence 1980 - 2005
1980=1
00
year
civil defence baseline
Sales increased by 25 per cent real terms in 2005 to 22.67bn,
driven by increases in the civil and defence sectors.
Employment increased 9 per cent to 124,237.
source: SBAC source: SBAC
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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.09.08
figure 3 UK aerospace industry sales by activity 1980 - 2004
%o
fturnover
year
civil defence
defence - 54%
civil - 46%
Sales to the UK government increased by 21 per cent to 4.1bn.
However, the UK aerospace industry (UKAI) remains less dependent
on sales to its national government at 17.8 per cent compared
to USA at 54.3 per cent and the EU average of 27.2 per cent
(2004 figure).
figure 4 UK, EU and USA aerospace industries sales to their owngovernments 1980 2005
%o
fturnover
year
sales to Government - EU average
sales to US Government
sales to the UK Government
Defence sales of 12.2bn exceeded civil sales by 1.6bn.
For the second consecutive year defence sales exceeded civil sales
increasing to 54 per cent.
source: SBAC source: ASD, AIA, SBAC
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.11.10
figure 5 UK aerospace industry growth from 2004 to 2005
turnover(2005
bn)
2004
2005
growth per item
contribution to total growth
0
t ot al ci vi l domes ti c ci vi l exp ort s defencedomestic
defenceexports
10
15
20
25
30
total 2004: 18.10total 2005: 22.67(in real terms)
The figure below shows the relative contribution of the civil and
military markets to the UKAI. 67 per cent of sales were exported,
continuing the long term trend of dependence on exports.
figure 6 UK aerospace industry sales by type and region
civil exports
37%
defence domestic
24%
defence exports
30%
civil
domestic
9%
total turnover 2005:
22.67 bn
exports: 67%civil: 46%
Sales increased by 25 per cent real terms in 2005 to 22.67bn,
however different areas had different patterns:
- Civil domestic market remained relatively static with only 2.3 per
cent growth. Exports fared better by increasing 26.9 per cent.
- Defence domestic sales increased by 30.3 per cent from last year
driven by growth in demand from both the UK government and
other aerospace companies.
source: SBAC source: SBAC
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.13.12
figure 7 UK aerospace industry sales by product group
The global aerospace industry is relatively unusual in having only a
few possible end users of whom almost all are either airlines or
governments.
Sales to all destinations showed significant growth, in particular
USA and rest of the world showed significant increases of 44 per
cent and 33 per cent respectively.
figure 8 UK aerospace industry sales by customer (1)
sales to the rest
of the world
sales to
the USA
sales to
the EU
other sales
in the UK
sales to the
UK Government
4.08bn4.83bn
+ 33%
4.68bn
+ 44%3.42bn+ 15%
5.66bn+ 13%
+ 21%UK aerospace
industry
Aircraft equipment rose by 60 per cent from 4.1bn to 6.56bn,
showing the biggest single sector increase.
Aircraft engines also enjoyed a successful year with a 39.8 per cent
increase in sales to 6.83bn.
Missiles sales increased by two thirds to 1.5bn.
Space had its second consecutive year of growth, increasing to
603m, up 38 per cent on last year.
Aircraft systems and frames decreased by 6.3 per cent to 7.19bn
from last year.
source: SBAC source: SBAC
(1)Sales to UK Government: This includes national authorities like government, ministries, UK public research institutes,
national space agency.
aircraft equipment
30% aircraft systems& frames
24%
large civil aircraft
7.1%
regional jets
2.0%
other and
business jets
0.3%
aircraft maintenance
8%
aircraft engines
28%
missiles
7%
space
3%
defence aircraft
11.5%
helicopters
3.1%
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.15.14
figure 9 UK aerospace industry maintenance turnover by company1996 - 2005
turnover(2005
bn)
year
service providers
maintenance companies
aerospace manufacturers
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
total maintenance turnover 2005: 6.07bn
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) sales increased by 6.0 per
cent to 6.45bn. This year, for the first time, SBAC was able to
separate maintenance companies, service providers (such as
consultancies or facilities management) and aerospace
manufacturers.
Aerospace manufacturers MRO increased by 9.3 per cent in 2005
to 4.3bn.
Service providers and maintenance specialists decreased by -14.4
per cent to 1.74bn continuing the trend of aerospace maintenance
being undertaken by the original equipment manufacturer.
source: SBAC
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.17.16
UK orders saw a 61 per cent increase, driven by significant new
orders for BAE Systems, Selex Communications, Rolls-Royce, Serco,
Thales Aerospace, Lockheed Martin and AgustaWestland.
European orders saw a -10 per cent fall to 6.61bn, but this was
from a high in 2004 and represents a 50 per cent growth from 2003.
This year it has been possible for SBAC to split orders by USA and
rest of the world (previously the category was outside European
Union), this saw a 49.6 per cent increase. Orders from the USA are
worth 8.1bn and orders from rest of the world 6.2bn.
figure 11 UK aerospace order intake by destination
source: SBAC
orderintake(
2005
bn)
year
from rest of world
from USA
from outside EU
from other EU
from UK
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
total order intake 2005: 30.79bn
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
orders
Total orders increased by 33.5 per cent to a new record of 30.79bn.
All three sectors saw significant increases in their orders.
Orders were split evenly between civil and defence sectors with 49.7
per cent civil and 50.3 per cent defence.
New orders represented 135.8 per cent of sales in 2005.
figure 10 UK aerospace order intake by type and sector 1997 - 2005
source: SBAC
orderintake(
2005
bn)
year
engines
quipment
systems & frames
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 total order intake 2005: 30.79bn
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
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.19.18
Whilst there has been improvement in the level of profitability to 5.5
per cent this year, the UK industry as a whole still lags behind the EU
and US average profitability l evels.
figure 13 UK, EU and US aerospace industry operating margins1985 - 2005
source: SBAC ASD, AIA
The increases in sales are reflected in the improved performance of
selected UK companies with a 12.4 per cent real increase in sales
and operating profit at 10.0 per cent.
figure 12 selected financial UK aerospace financial results 2005
source: SBAC
company division
2005
m
2004
m
2003
m
2005
m
2004
m
2003
m
BAE SYSTEMS Plc group 15,411 13,222 12,572 1,182 1,016 980
Rolls-Royce Plc civil aerospace, defence 4,923 4,414 4,092 634 373 285
GKN Plc aerospace 627 569 1,549 54 38 130Smiths Group Plc group 3,017 2,678 2,629 420 350 349
Cobham Plc group 1,090 979 833 177 150 135
Meggitt Plc group 616 477 399 102 82 76
Ultra Electronics Plc group 342 311 284 51 40 34
sample total 26,026 22,649 22,358 2,620 2,049 1,989
turnover operating profit
financial
%o
peratingprofitmar
gin
year
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
UK operating profit margin
EU operating profit margin
US operating profit margin
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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.21.20
figure 15 UK aerospace industry R&D expenditure source
source: SBAC
Research and development (R&D) intensity averaged 12 per cent of
total sales, 2.7bn up 31 per cent on 2004.
36.7 per cent or 0.99bn was spent on civil R&D and 63.3 per cent
was spent on defence related R&D.
For the purpose of this survey, R&D was defined to comprise:
- Development activities l eading to series production.
- Research and technology (R&T) activities which represent all those
R&D activities which are not directly attributable to products.
They can thus be regarded as generic technologies that are
designed to maintain or expand the technological basis.
figure 14 UK aerospace R&D expenditure by type 1996 - 2005
source: SBAC
research and development
R&Ds
pend
(2005
bn)
civil
defence
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
total R&D spend 2005: 2.49bn
total R&T spend 2005: 0.21bn
total self-financed by UK by other by others R&T
government alone
R&Ds
pend
(2005
bn)
year
civil
defence
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
total R&D spend 2005: 2.49bn
total R&T spend 2005: 0.21bn
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
R&T + R&D
Self financed R&D was worth 0.89bn, 74.6 per cent of which was for
the civil sector.
However, UK government funded R&D has the reverse pattern with
81.6 per cent being for the defence sector. Overall the trend was for
externally funded R&D to be heavily defence dependant with 87 per
cent (1.38bn) funded this way.
For the first time, this year SBAC asked about R&T activities, this
came to 211.1m split evenly between civil and defence.
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.23.22
In the last few years there has been increasing interest in the levels
of R&D in aerospace being undertaken outside the UK, by UK
companies. SBAC data i ndicates there is a long term increase from
0.14bn in 1996 to 0.45bn in 2005. However, as the data below
shows, it does jump significantly from year to year.
figure 17 UK aerospace R&D undertaken in the UK and overseas
source: SBAC
46 per cent of the total UKAI R&D expenditure was undertaken by
the aircraft and systems sector. The equipment sector R&D
expenditure increased significantly by 21 per cent to 646m,
significantly above the four year average of 503m.
figure 16 UK aerospace industry R&D expenditure 2000 2005
source: SBAC
R&Ds
pend
(2005
bn)
year
overseas R&D
UK based R&D
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
R&Ds
pend
(2005
b
n)
year
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
aircraft engines equipment
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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2005million
year
actual figures
projected figures
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/00 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08
.25.24
The R&D process involves a number of public and private agencies,
companies, national research organisations and academia. It also
requires sophisticated, complex and expensive research
infrastructure such as wind tunnels and test facilities.
Government support for aerospace research from all sources,
including the regions, is brigaded through the DTI Technology
programme following implementation of the Innovation Review. This is
expected to result in an increasing trend of government support for
aerospace research in future years.
figure 19 aeronautic research programme funding
source: DTI, note CARAD payments have been included in these figures
R&D is a very long term investment. UK firms are still benefiting
directly from investment in generic technology made in the late
1950s and 1960s (eg wing aerodynamics and fundamental engine
technology which fed into the complete range of Airbus and
RB211/Trent engine families). The timescale between research and
implementation of new products can be as much as 20 years.
figure 18 Technology and first product application life cycle
source: AeIGT
science base: universities, industries & other research bodies
R&
T
R&D
selection
process
technology
demonstration
5+ years
technology taken up
by industry
technology
validated
product
launch3-10 years 2-6 years 25+ years
technology
acquisition
technology selected for
application by customer
contract
negotiation
Fundamental
research
design &
development
product & process
validation
pre-production
series production &
product support
product
certification
technologyreadiness
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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.27.26
Employment increased by 9 per cent in 2005. When compared to
the 25 per cent real terms increase in sales, this is a relatively
modest increase.
This created a second year of substantial growth in productivity per
employee, 15 per cent in real terms to 182,500 per employee, well
above the long term 5 per cent per annum growth.
figure 21 aerospace sales per employee 1980 - 2005 The majority of the European aerospace industry is located in the
UK which is highlighted by the fact that 26 per cent of all aerospace
jobs in the EU are within the UK.
Employment in the UK in 2005 increased by 9 per cent to 124,237
and is 4 per cent higher than in France and 38 per cent higher than
in Germany.
figure 20 European employment by country 2005
source: SBAC estimate
turnoverperemployee(2005'000
s)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
year
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
employment000s
country
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Unite
dKi
ngdo
m
Fran
ce
Germ
any
Italy
Spain
Swee
den
Neth
erlan
ds
Polan
d
Belg
uim
Czec
hRe
publi
c
Irelan
d
Finla
nd
Gree
ce
Portu
gal
Aust
ria
Denm
ark
Luxe
mbo
urg
total: 457,000 employees
employment
source: SBAC
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.29.28
The UKAI has consistently maintained a range of long-term, highly
skilled jobs. In 2005, 34 per cent of all UKAI employees held a
university degree or equivalent.
33 per cent of employees (41,788 employees) were classified in the
new class of technicians.
2,719 employees, or 2 per cent of the workforce, were apprentices.
Production was the largest single group of employees (55 per cent
or 68,355 employees).
figure 23 UK aerospace industry employment by qualificationand activity
source: SBAC
It is estimated that a further 152,000 people are indirectly
supported by the aerospace industry. Total UK aerospace
employment was, therefore, in the region of 276,000 in 20051.
Aircraft and frames account for 42 per cent of the UKAIs activity,
in terms of employment. This is complemented by equipment at 31
per cent and engines at 27 per cent.
figure 22 UK aerospace employment by sector
source: SBAC
1Research by Oxford Economic Forecasting in The economic contribution of BAE Systems to the UK has suggested
an employment multiplier for the aerospace industry of 1.22.
employees(000's)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
total: 124,237 employees
2%
32%
55%
13%
31%
33%
34%
by product segments
graduate
engineers
& managers technicians
apprentices
others
R&D
production
& maintenance
rest
by activity
aircraft & systems
42%
engines
27%
equipment
31%
total: 124,237 employees
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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.31.30
Average wages in the aerospace sector were 33,645 per annum in 2005, 43.7
per cent higher than the UK average wage and 31.6 per cent above the
manufacturing average wage.
Aerospace wages are relatively closely distributed (ie the majority earn
around the average wage) compared to the economy as a whole, and in
particular the financial services, where a few high earners skew the average
figure upwards.
figure 24 UK aerospace wages compared to selected industries 2005
source: ONS, ASHE 2006
annualearnings
average (mean)
median
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
whole economy manufacturing manufacture of a ircraft
and spacecraft
financial intermediation
23,400
25,566
33,645
43,003
18,961
22,027
29,013
25,266
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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(%)ofallcompanies
0
10
20
30
40
50
number of employees in company
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.35.34
In 2005, the UK supply chain reversed the unusual trend, seen in 2004
of a 50:50 defence/civil split, and returned to the more usual 60:40
civil dominance.
Exports are still low, compared to the industry as a whole, with only
38 per cent, compared with 67 per cent UK aerospace average.
figure 28 UK aerospace industry SME turnover by type anddestination 2005
source: SBAC
This change in sales is reflected in the decrease in the number of
respondents: in 1999, 70 per cent of respondents where SMEs
whereas in 2005 this had fallen to 47 per cent.
figure 27 aerospace respondent company size 1999 & 2005
source: SBAC
civil domestic
36%
civil exports25%
defence domestic
26%
defence exports
13%
total turnover 332m
less than
250 employees
46%1,000 - 10,000employees
23%
250 - 1,000
employees
28%
10,000+
employees
3%
SME sales: 332m
2005
less than
250 employees
70%
1,000 - 10,000
employees
10%
250 - 1,000
employees
19%
10,000+
employees
1%SME sales: 652m
1999
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.37.36
5 per cent of sales, or 17m, was sold directly to the UK government,
below the UKAI average of 18 per cent. This is in part reflecting the
nature of SMEs products as suppliers of components rather than
complete pieces of equipment.
67 per cent of sales were within the UK.
figure 29 UK aerospace SME sales by destination
source: SBAC
in the UK
57%
sales to EU
20%
sales to USA
12%
sales to
rest of world
6%
sales to
UK Government
5%
total turnover: 322m
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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trade(
2005
bn)
year
imports
exports
balance
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
.39.38
Employment increased by 9 per cent in 2005, when compared to
the 25 per cent real terms increase in sales, this is a relatively
modest increase.
This created a second year of substantial growth in productivity
per employee, 15 per cent in real terms to 182,500 per employee,
well above the long term 5 per cent per annum growth.
figure 31 UK trade balance of aerospace by destination 2005 In 2005, UKAI exported over 67 per cent of its total sales, worth
15.17bn. This was a 29.0 per cent increase.
It is important to note that the trade balance figures come from
government and therefore represent the trade in all aerospace goods
to and from the UK and not just the UKAI. They include the purchase of
aircraft by UK airlines and the sale of second-hand aircraft to the rest
of the world, and are therefore different to the SBAC survey figures.
UKAI this year contributed net 2.25bn to the trade balance,
representing a fall of 33.8 per cent on last year. However the long term
average remains at 2.8bn per annum positive balance.
figure 30 UK trade balance of aerospace 1996 - 2005
source: SBAC analysis of DTI data
international trade
source: SBAC analysis of DTI data
trade(
bn)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
Americas Asia
& Oceania
European
Union
Middle East
& Africa
-2
imports
exports
balance
Other
Europe
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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.41.40
The size of the UK aerospace industry presence overseas has
increased significantly over recent years. In broad terms, the size
of the overseas assets owned by the UK is now equivalent to the
worlds sixth largest aerospace producer.
figure 33 global location and sales in the UKAI 2005
UK based companies have substantial overseas presence, which
generated a further 6.47bn of sales and employed a further
42,919 people.
The majority of the overseas assets are in the USA which
accounted for 5.22bn of sales and 33,699 employees.
figure 32 global sales and employment of UKAI aerospace assets
source: SBAC
location
UK rest of the wor ld total
employment
employment
ownership
restof
theworld
UK
sales (bn)
employment
sales (bn)
total
sales (bn)
77,099
47,138
7.84
14.83
42,919
n/a
n/a
6.47
120,018
47,138
7.84
167,156
29.14
42,919
6.47
124,237
22.67
21.30
UKAI in USA
sales (bn): 5.22
employment: 33,699
UKAI in rest of world
sales (bn): 0.87
employment: 5,332
UKAI in rest of EU
sales (bn): 0.38
employment: 3,888
UKAI in UK
sales (bn): 22.67
employment: 124,237
global UKAI
sales (bn): 29.14
employment: 167,156
source: SBAC
global trends
8/4/2019 Annual Industry Survey 2006
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.42
There are a number of overseas companies which have directly
invested or purchased and incorporated indigenous firms. In 2005,
foreign owned UK located companies generated total sales of
6.47bn and employed 42,919 people.
figure 34 UK aerospace ownership of UK located companies turnoverand employment
source: SBAC
turnover(2005bn)
employment(000s)
year
UK turnover (Ihs)
UK owned employment (rhs)
non UKAI turnover (Ihs)
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
total turnover: 22.67bn employment: 124.237
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
foreign UK employment (rhs)
notes
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notes