Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research - CGIAR Library

WHEAT Annual P rogress Repor t 2012 Page | 2

A. Key Messages (end notes also refer to relevant indicators at annex) For every three poor rice consumers, there are two poor wheat consumers in today’s world. More than half of all wheat is now grown in the developing worldi, where urbanization and the need for faster, more energy efficient cooking makes millions of poor women change to wheat, to prepare their family meals. Wheat is the main calorie provider for 1.2 billion poor. It meets 20% of the developing world’s protein demand, more than any other crop. WHEAT impact focuses on 84% of the world’s wheat-dependent poor (900mn), living in regions making up 67% of the global wheat productionii.

In 2012, around 1.6 million farmers made use of the results of 145 projects under WHEATiii, which make up the ten WHEAT Strategic Initiatives (Themes). The farmers work in wheat-based systems with a total size of around 1.5 Mha. Millions more have benefited from input-saving agronomy & precision agriculture tools and other research results generated through past CGIAR funding for wheat research. Indeed, CGIAR-derived improved varieties are grown on over 50% of the entire area sown to wheat in the developing world. In 2012, WHEAT funding ensured that 620 collaborators in 120 countries were able to receive improved wheat germplasm with new traits from CIMMYT and ICARDA (see Maps, Annex 5). WHEAT affiliated projects engaged in more than 40 multi-stakeholder innovation platforms in Africa, South Asia and Mexico, trained 49 students (39% female) and over 23,000 farmers (21% female). A first round of Competitive Partner Grants – aimed at non-CGIAR research partners, to fill research gaps in the WHEAT Strategic Initiatives - was kicked off in 2012 with US$ 2.4mn (see: Section E and Annex 6). Wheat is grown in many male-dominated societies; hence WHEAT initiated a gender audit, to find new avenues for increasing women’s participation in wheat value chains.

2012 outcomes included Indian state governments investing in scaling out labor-saving tools and farmers benefiting from lower costs and higher yields. Six countries became ‘Ug99 epidemic’-proof (secure from a devastating stem rust spreading across the world) and India saw an early commercialization success, which built on multi-year shuttle-breeding between Mexico and Kenya. On the upstream front, ‘Seeds of Discovery’ started the largest genetic diversity analyses ever to find heat tolerant wheat.

Across the globe, wheat-related research is largely public sector-funded and WHEAT made strides to better leverage and coordinate this investment at national, regional and international level. Researchers from 36 institutions jointly developed the Wheat Yield Consortium Business Plan (under WHEAT Theme 7) and took it to a group of 21 donors & research councils from 17 countries.iv Yet investments in increasing wheat yields under climate change, countering new diseases and accelerating seed flow to farmers are not enough to prevent further food price escalation. Wheat R4D funding must increase, to avoid ‘pricing out’ 1.2 billion poor from accessing a healthy and diverse die, due to staple foods price escalation. Given that context, the WHEAT Stakeholder Committee (see below) is concerned about WHEAT becoming the 2nd lowest-funded CRP in the Portfolio in 2013.

WHEAT Success Stories

1. Through a collaborative effort between Ethiopia, the African Union Commission (AUC), CIMMYT, ICARDA and IFPRI, WHEAT succeeded in putting wheat-related research on the continental agenda. African Agriculture Ministers (CAMAT), facing a growing wheat import bill, endorsed the 2012 ‘Wheat for African Food Security Conference Declaration’ one month after the Conference took place. Wheat has been added to the list of strategic crops for Africa, first defined at the 2006 Abuja Food Security Summit. This is in line with the emerging CGIAR-CAADP dialogue and should spur greater national and international investment and African farmer participation in wheat production and value chains.

2. Wheat-based systems and precision agriculture research have increased their share of total WHEAT budget and activities to close to a third. The innovation systems (NRM, agronomy) component of WHEAT moves research outputs from other Strategic Initiativesv onto farmers’ fields, through cereal systems (versus commodity) focused approaches and interventions, such as the Cereal Systems Initiative in South Asia (CSISA; see section C4), MasAgro in Mexico and the new African Development Bank-funded SARD-SC/Wheat program, approved in 2012.

a. Across these programs, WHEAT invests in identifying drivers of better wheat-based systems performance and greater empowerment of women through the WHEAT value chain.


b. As one of the most promising flagship technologies, handheld sensors for farmer-affordable

nutrient management is gaining traction in Mexico and is being validated in South Asia, leading to significant cost savings and reduced nitrogen fertilizer losses to the environment among adopting farmers.

Overall WHEAT progress is at 85% of annual milestone targets toward WHEAT outputsvi. For more information, please see section G (about why some annual milestones have not been reached) and: http://wheat.org/resources/project-documents/projects-performance-per-strategic-initiative-in-2012.

WHEAT funding in 2012 2012 total budget and expenditure was in line with anticipated budget (W1&2). Bilateral income was greater than anticipated. Expenditure on gender strategy development and implementation was 5.7% of 2012 W1&2 budget (gender-related research not included in this figurevii).

$mn As per PIA Budget Actual Spend of which on Gender

W1&2* 12.995 12.749 11.492 0.7

W3 Part of bilateral figure below

3.102 2.338**

Bilateral 23.130 34.667 24.950**

*2012 Window 2 funding was $4.82mn. **Difference to Budget = Committed/carryover funds

Setting up the CRP: Governance & Program Management

The WHEAT Management Committee, responsible for managing the CRP at program (multi-Theme) level, operates since October 2011viii. It reports to the WHEAT-Stakeholder Committee, responsible for overseeing CRP Management and development of its strategy. The WHEAT-SC, composed of members from six different world regions and areas of expertise, is operational since October 2012, reporting to the Lead Centers’ Board of Trustees, through its Chair (Lead Center DG). See also: http://wheat.org/who-we-are/governance.

The Program Manager reviewed the CRPs results-orientation (revised output logics and formulations). All projects, regardless of funding source, have been matched to Theme outputs. WHEAT research priorities have been driven by research partners’ feedback about the research content of each Theme, documented during the January 2013 Launch Conference. A 2nd round of prioritization was initiated through the Partner Priorities Survey (see sub-section E). WHEAT initiated discussion about linkages and collaboration with CCAFS, MAIZE, GRiSP and Dryland Systems, and joined Systems CRPs meetings.

Partnership Strategy and Practices - See sub-section E below.

B. Impact Pathway and Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)

Focus was on review of the Strategic Initiatives’ Outputs and aligning bilateral project activities with the overall WHEAT framework. WHEAT tested a ‘Five Questions approach’ to reviewing outputs-to-outcome(s) pathways and shared its 1st draft of Intermediate Development Outcomes with the Consortium Office and ISPC. Baseline data generated under WHEAT in 2012 includeix:

- Impact of wheat in Ethiopia: The nationally representative household survey shows that both adopters (more) and non-adopters (less) would benefit from adopting improved varieties, increasing the probability of food security, per capita food consumption, and probability of attaining the food break-even and food surplus status. Results further show that wheat technology adoption is influenced by wheat price and price of competing crops (teff and maize), input costs (seed and herbicide), farm size, and sources of technology informationx.

http://wheat.org/resources/project-documents/projects-performance-per-strategic-initiative-in-2012

http://wheat.org/who-we-are/governance

http://wheat.org/who-we-are/governance


- National Rust Surveys & Wheat Rust Toolbox: “Jointly, scientists can now monitor an unprecedented

42 million hectares of wheat in 27 developing countries”: The Toolbox provides up-to-date, country-specific information for 38 countries, currently with a focus on stem rust/Ug99 - http://rusttracker.cimmyt.org/

- The Wheat Atlas was updated with information from 60+ wheat-producing countries on production, production constraints, cultivars and cultivar descriptors. In future, it will provide baseline data for impact assessments: http://wheatatlas.cimmyt.org/

C. Progress along the Impact Pathway - See also Table 1, in Annex 1.

C.1 Narrative of major achievements, by Theme

Impact of Research on Policy in Africa - Better target and prioritize WHEAT research (SI1) & Strengthen Capacities (SI10):

African countries spent about US$20 billion in 2012 to import some 40 million tons of wheatxi, used mostly to feed the continent’s rapidly expanding population. Wheat is the largest item on Africa’s $40bn annual food import bill. Yet Africa’s farmers produce only 44% of the wheat consumed, with wheat self-sufficiency rates going down. Sub-Saharan Africa faces a particular challenge, due to urbanization. In 2012, those countries imported 12 million tons, an estimated net value of US$ 6 billionxii. The authors of a study on SSA’s economic and biological potential for producing wheat reckon that farmers may be growing only 10 - 25 percent of the production that is biologically possible and economically profitablexiii.

During the “Wheat for Food Security in Africa” Conference (8-12 October, Addis), organized by WHEAT (CIMMYT, ICARDA, IFPRI), the Ethiopian Institute Agricultural Research (EIAR) and AUC, more than 250 participants discussed the constraints and potential for wheat production in all of Africa and the policy changes needed to achieve profitable domestic wheat systems (relating to WHEAT Themes 1-6 & 8). 100+ researchers from all over Africa were sponsored by the conference and presented posters on different aspects of wheat research. The Ministers of Agriculture of Burundi, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe actively participated. Participants and Ministers signed a conference declaration urging a decisive increase in African wheat production, greater research collaboration across the continent, promoting and protecting domestic producers and funding all this through a levy on wheat imports.

As a direct result of this declaration, the Joint Conference of African Union Ministers of Agriculture and Trade (JCMAT, 29-30 November 2012) formally decided to include wheat among the strategic commodities for achieving food and nutrition security in Africa, providing the basis for greater wheat research investment.xiv

Grow more with less through precision agriculture – Nutrient- and water use efficiency (SI3) and Wheat-based systems (SI2)

Precise management of fertilizer nutrients supports cropping systems and provides sustainable economic, social and environmental benefits, whilst poorly managed nutrient applications decrease profitability and increase nutrient losses, degrading water and air. Among the regions where WHEAT is present, countries such as Zimbabwe and Ethiopia lack soil mapping and availability of fertilizer, whilst farmers in India and China face over-nitrification of their soils and a resulting depletion of key nutrients.

MasAgro is working on integrated and scalable approaches, to better use nutrients. Sensors and decision support tools for precision plant nutrition are geared to smallholders, who can thus increase their productivity. The key focus is to develop, validate, and bring to scale NDVI sensors like the pocket GreenSeekerTM ground sensors and satellite mounted sensors, combined with tools like Nutrient Expert©, to drive fertilizer recommendations at the farm, system, and regional levels. Sensors provide accurate information on how much nitrogen fertilizer to apply to optimize yields (wheat, maize) and quality (wheat).

Calibration was completed and an adoption plan created for the GreenSeeker™ sensor for the fall-winter 2012-13 and spring-summer 2013 cycles, to measure the optimum use of nitrogen in maize-, wheat-based and barley systems in different Mexican agro-economic zones. Reduced production costs of up to US$ 230

http://rusttracker.cimmyt.org/

http://wheatatlas.cimmyt.org/


per hectare were confirmed with sensors in the validation plots. To speed up the adoption of this technology, a pocket sensor costing roughly US$ 500 was developed (ten times cheaper than the model available on the market). The commercial version of this pocket sensor is now available.xv

Developing precision agriculture solutions is a good example of realizing linkages across MAIZE and WHEAT, as well as between the larger, bilaterally funded WHEAT systems research programs.

Systems research and mobile communication for scaling-out of precision agriculture information - Nutrient- and water use efficiency (Theme 3)

Mobile phone technology has proven to be a game changer in rural developmentxvi. Mobile phone-based services provide easy access to more knowledge and information and thus greater adoption of new technologies, reduced transaction costs, better market efficiencies and ultimately, improved livelihoods for farmers.

MasAgro (the Sustainable Modernization of Traditional Agriculture) wants to narrow the information gap and the financial exclusion that farmers in maize and wheat based systems face, by providing needed services that will ultimately increase their productivity. The MasAgro Movil pilot was launched in October 2012. This subscription service delivers regionally specific climate and market data and location specific agronomic advice, through a network of 2500 extension technicians. Using a train-the-trainer approach, 100 trainers are training around 2500 technicians, who in turn work with around 80.000 farmers.

Monitoring and evaluation studies with farmers and technicians have been performed at different stages of the MasAgro Movil pilot. The lessons learned, also from the deployment of other mobile agricultural tools in different countries, will be the foundation for MasAgro Movil Phase II: A more ambitious platform, which facilitates strong public private partnerships (PPPs), to sustain a MasAgro Movil that improves access to agricultural information and financial services, improves data visibility and value chain efficiency and enhances access to markets.

Search for new sources of heat and drought tolerance - Enhanced heat and drought tolerance (Theme 6&9)

Heat and drought are predicted to strongly reduce wheat production in the coming years, putting further pressure on food prices. Winter wheat is primarily grown in rain-fed areas and is a natural resource of drought adaptive traits and alleles; winter wheat in Turkey most likely represents the richest and oldest reservoir of accumulated adaptive alleles. Winter wheat landraces from West and Central Asia have been tested in Turkey, to capture traits and alleles, in particular adaptation to drought in rain-fed systems (SI6 output: Better yield under heat and/or drought stress). Preliminary results show a broad genetic diversity among collections. Many landraces were later maturing than the elite checks, had higher grain size and some even showed higher grain yields than the checks. The best landraces will be further used in strategic spring-winter, winter-spring and winter-winter crossing, to enrich both genetic backgrounds. This may lead to the identification of new allelic sources of adaptation to heat and drought stress.

34 research institutions developed a joint business plan to break the wheat yield barrier (Theme 7)

The Wheat Yield Consortium is an integral part of the WHEAT strategy to break the genetic yield barrier. In March 2012, 34 research organizations finalized a 10-year integrated research plan. The organizations are already sharing advanced scientific expertise, facilities and germplasm, to improve the wheat plant’s photosynthesis, ear size and stalk strength – working together to succeed in raising the genetic yield potential by up to 50% in the next 20 years. The WYC findings will be incorporated into the WHEAT breeding platform, to deliver high-yielding varieties to farmers’ fields in WHEAT target regions.

Using existing funding, two students started to conduct their PhD research on photosynthesis at ANU and Cambridge University (UK).xvii Five WYC research partners received Competitive Partner Grants to conduct research on, amongst other topics, ‘phenotypic selection for leaf photosynthesis capacity & efficiency’ and ‘optimizing RuBP regeneration by transforming wheat with SBPase’ (see Annex 6). The grants made progress along WYC Business & Research Plan possible, as potential Funders convened in November.

The Consortium has so far been funded by Mexico (MasAgro program) and represents Mexico’s major contribution to IAR4D. Other sources of funding are CGIAR W1&2, including for Competitive Partner Grants – and national in-kind contributions (China, India). In November, funders and research organizations from


16 countries, led by BBSRC (UK) and USAID, met in Mexico City and agreed to create a ‘Wheat Yield Network’. The Network aims to assure adequate long-term funding (core and competitive) to sustain a researcher network, including the CIMMYT-led Mexican phenotyping platform (MEXPLAT), building on what the WYC has achieved. For more info, see: http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/web/FILES/Resources/wheat-yield-network.pdf

Comprehensively harnessing wheat genetic diversity - Seeds of discovery – tackling the black box of genetic resources (Theme 9):

The genetic diversity conserved in CGIAR and national wheat genebanks represents the genetic heritage of wheat, its progenitors and wild relatives. The conserved collections potentially harbor many undiscovered genes, alleles and/or haplotypes that have yet to be harnessed for wheat improvement. The wheat component of Seeds of Discovery (SeeD) has started to comprehensively characterize some of the ultimately 130,000 genebank accessions and to promote and facilitate their use as new diversity sources for breeding programs. Breeders and physiologists will then improve existing lines, for adaptation to an increasingly difficult agricultural scenario (Theme 9 contributions to Themes 4-6).

To achieve these goals, the genebank accessions are being genotyped through high-density genome profiles (genotyping-by-sequencing, GbS). The information generated in the first 2 years -from more than 30,000 accessions- is being used in studies of genetic relationships among accessions and to establish strategic subsets that capture maximum genotypic diversity (SI9 output: Accession subsets assembled and made available to users). SeeD scientists have so far phenotyped 60,000 accessions under field and glasshouse conditions. They want to find heat, drought, tan spot, spot blotch, Karnal bunt and sunn pest resistance traits, in addition to phosphorous use efficiency and grain quality. These are traits where sufficient genetic variation is so far missing. Researchers also defined a pathway to introgress the useful exotic wheat alleles into elite genetic backgrounds, in order to generate the improvements for future varieties.

SeeD, also funded by Mexico, with some W1&2 funding of complementary research activities, shows how a national donor can integrate commitment to International Public Goods through a major research program (MasAgro) with mainly national scope.xviii

C.2 Progress towards outputs

145 research projects, grouped under WHEAT’s ten Strategic Initiatives, pursue 66 outputs. Overall WHEAT progress is at 85% of annual milestone targets. The WHEAT Traffic Light System aggregates the progress of

http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/web/FILES/Resources/wheat-yield-network.pdf

http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk/web/FILES/Resources/wheat-yield-network.pdf


WHEAT projects from all funding sources, in terms of reaching 2012 milestones towards achieving Strategic Initiatives outputs. The outputs have different target dates: Some should be achieved by 2012, some by 2016. The Traffic Light System is currently template-based, but should be partially automated and integrated into the Research Management System by the end of 2013.

Make field work on pests and diseases easier – Durable pest and disease resistance (Theme 5)

A new, extremely virulent stem rust race was identified in Uganda in 1999. At the time of Ug99s first occurrence, nearly 90% of all wheat varieties cultivated world-wide were susceptible. Today, FAO estimates that 29 countries (including most WHEAT target regions), accounting for 37% of global wheat production, are potentially at risk to harvest losses. Whilst South America is free of Ug99, crops there face an equally challenging threat: Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, a devastating fungal disease (North America, East Asia and Europe). FHB often results in 30–40% yield losses, going up to 70% for susceptible cultivars in severe epidemics. Toxins produced by the fungus can make the wheat unsuitable for human consumption. Other diseases affecting wheat are yellow and leaf rust, septoria, tan spot, spot blotch in South Asia, wheat blast in Latin America’s Southern Cone region, and Karnal bunt. To complicate things, climate change and the changing agriculture practices have resulted in enhancing the severity and incidence of certain diseases. In order to spot these diseases and prevent their spread, farmers, agricultural researchers, and technicians need to conduct accurate in-field diagnoses.

Projects under WHEAT are researching solutions for all of the above. ICARDA colleagues identified several sources of resistance to wheat fungal and viral diseases and key insect key pests, which they shared with breeders and NARS. Also, they identified potential novel genes for resistance to Russian wheat aphid and Hessian flyxix. In addition, they found that several flowering medicinal plants, if used in cropping systems, would enhance natural enemies of pests and also generate income to farmers.

In 2012, CIMMYT published the 2nd edition of “Wheat Diseases and Pests: A guide for field identification” (contributes to Theme 5 output: Monitoring systems developed for emerging diseases). Not updated since 1989, the new edition includes recently-identified wheat and triticale diseases, as well as high-resolution photos and a quick reference ‘Guide to Diagnosis’. The Guide is widely distributed by WHEAT researchers, Centers’ regional offices and web information platforms: http://www.scribd.com/doc/128458848/Wheat-diseases-and-pests-a-guide-for-field-identification

Systematic approach to seed system analysis – More and better seed (Theme 8)

Wheat is dominated by public sector seed systems. National seed systems vary in terms of policy, regulatory, institutional and technical arrangements. A weak seed system limits adoption of improved wheat varieties and associated technologies in farmers’ fields. In 2012, ICARDA developed a framework for seed system analysis, with key research questions, questionnaires and checklists for analysis of each seed sector component. For case studies, target countries at different levels of seed sector development have been identified (Morocco, Uzbekistan and Iran). The research methodology combines comparative analytical studies across countries and specific country studies along the ‘seed chain’. The aim is to derive successful models, with the potential for adaptation to specific country situations. (SI8 output: Comparative assessments of wheat seed sector status & SI1 output: New knowledge, tools, and methods to better prioritize WHEAT research and better target interventions in wheat-based farming systems).xx

C.3 Progress towards the achievement of outcomes

Rust resistance: Early commercialization success (adoption) due to more lines available to NARS

Globally, at least 40 new wheat varieties descending from WHEAT research were released by NARS in 2012xxi. As a particular highlight, two new higher yielding Ug99 resistant varieties in India, derived by the private seed sector from CGIAR Ug99 resistant germplasm, provide spread and yield advantages of 12-14% over current popular varieties (tested on ca. 2,000 farmers’ fields). The two varieties are promoted in northwestern India. In 2011-12, seed sales for 50,000 ha were achieved. For 2013, seed sales for 150,000 ha are planned.

That would not have been possible without the shuttle breeding efforts between CIMMYT and Kenya over the last few years, funded by BGRI/Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat. The two Indian lines’ resistance was

http://www.scribd.com/doc/128458848/Wheat-diseases-and-pests-a-guide-for-field-identification

http://www.scribd.com/doc/128458848/Wheat-diseases-and-pests-a-guide-for-field-identification


identified in Kenya 2006-7. Overall, shuttle breeding has led to a substantial increase in internationally distributed wheat germplasm with resistance to Ug99, without compromising on grain yield and other necessary traits. The 2012 international wheat trials & nurseries distributed 436 entries, of which 71% have adequate adult plant resistance to Ug99; another 20% of entries possess effective race-specific resistance genes. This compares very favorably with 2006, when the first targeted crosses were made and 90% of entries had inadequate resistance.

Now, NARS have more options for testing and release in their environments, which increases chances of new varieties made available to farmers, as in the Indian example, above. “In Kenya, for instance, Ug99 had been brought largely under control because of shifts to new varieties”, states Ronnie Coffman, vice-chair of the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI)xxii.

Assure readiness for an Ug99 outbreak in 6 countries

The release of a new variety is usually slow and subject to tough criteria that vary from country to country. Funded by the USAID Famine Fund, six countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, Nepal & Pakistan) embraced a quicker production method and sowed 52 hectares with 11 varieties, producing nearly 145 tons of Ug99 resistant seed in the 2008-09 crop cycle. In parallel, Iran planted 34,000 hectares and produced 80,000 tons of Ug99 resistant wheat seed. All countries repeated this in 2009-10. The seven countries combined have sown over 47,000 hectares, yielding 118,000 tons of improved seed. This way, Bangladesh, Egypt, and Iran had enough Ug99-resistant seed in 2012 to sow at least 5% of their national wheat area. One hectare of wheat produces enough seed to sow 20 hectares, so 5% is the safeguard threshold for replacing susceptible varieties in case of a Ug99 outbreak.

The maps in Annex 5 show current WHEAT engagement systems research (Themes 2&3) and annual distribution of germplasm to partners worldwide (Theme 4). They show the powerful network of partners, using WHEAT outputs and turning them into outcomes.

C.4 Progress towards Impact – also see Annex 4

The Cereal Systems initiative in South Asia (Phase 1: 2009- mid 2012) sees adoption success (Pakistan) and scaling out by partners (India)

In Pakistan, farmer adoption has led to ca. 250,000 ha zero tillagexxiii, 45,000 ha relay cropping & >0.6 million ha laser land leveling. Farmers benefited in terms of average farm profitability with zero tillage, which increased by US$ 181/ha (joint contribution of cost saving & yield enhancement). Conservation Agriculture practices are now included in a ‘package of practices’ support offered by the Government of Pakistan.

Several Indian State governments have bought-in the technologies promoted by the 5 CSISA hubs:

Punjab invested INR 70 million on Turbo Happy Seeder for residue management.xxiv

Haryana developed an action plan on Conservation Agriculture and prioritized investments. The government is implementing the same in close collaboration with CSISA, whilst Bihar made large investments on CSISA prioritized technologies.xxv

The Indian Central Government has included CSISA prioritized technologies in several well-funded investment programs (e.g. Nat’l Food Security Mission, Bringing Green Revolution in E. India, Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana).


Farmers in Indian hub domains have purchased over 8,000 zero-till seeders and laser levelers and the

acreage under Conservation Agriculture-based technologies has increased substantially.

Overall, the area under resource conservation technologies (RCTs) is rapidly expanding in South Asia under different initiatives, though much more is needed. They cover more than 8 million acres in the IGP. Most of its adoption (about 74%) is concentrated in India, with some expansion in the lowlands of Nepal and Bangladesh. For more information, see: https://sites.google.com/site/csisaportal/Home

Annex 4 documents (pre-CRP) External Reviews with impact-relevant learning, as well as the impact studies undertaken in 2012. The Annex also lists the relevant, most recent global studies about the economic benefits of wheat breeding research. Depending on the period studied, benefits amount to $1 – 1.8bn p.a. WHEAT impact targets are based on these studies. Studies, which investigate different options to raise wheat productivity, are also summarized. Closing the yield gap between researchers’ and farmers’ fields is the top option, underlining the need for a comprehensive approach, reflected in the 10 mutually reinforcing WHEAT Strategic Themes.

A structured M&E approach to WHEAT was finalised in May 2012, to enhance concerted efforts towards understanding and documenting project progress, and better document outcomes and impactsxxvi.

D. GENDER RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS Key achievements with regard to gender integration and research in 2012 include:

1. A draft strategy was developed with input at several stages from CIMMYT, ICARDA and the Consortium Office (CO). After circulating the 2nd draft for review by stakeholders, the final version was formally submitted to the COxxvii.

2. The “Scoping Study on Avenues for Strengthening the Integration of Gender and Social Equity in R4D on Wheat-Based Systems in South Asia”, started in October 2012, is progressing as planned.

3. A Gender Audit is being implemented by the Social Development and Gender Equity Group of the Royal Tropical Institute (KIT). The design phase was successfully completed with a collaborative design workshop in December 2012. Implementation is ongoing. The results of the collaborative analysis workshop will bring WHEAT scientists and partners together, to develop an action plan by end of 2013.

4. Technical support to research teams on integration of gender considerations in research proposals and implementation, incl. contracting and supervision of a consultancy for gender integration in the climate change related research portfolio (Themes 2, 3, 4, 6 & 10).

5. Active participation in CGIAR Gender and Agriculture Network by the two Centers’ Gender Focal points.

D.1 Gender equality targets defined

The WHEAT Gender Strategy includes a number of indicators for implementation progress and WHEAT’s contribution to the promotion of gender equality in wheat-based systems. At outcome level they include:

Increased number of WHEAT projects with explicit gender commitments and budgeting

More female and young farmers involved in and providing feedback to participatory research activities

Systematic collection and use of sex-disaggregated data and information in socio-economic and participatory research

The monitoring of these and other indicators will primarily be based on gender mainstreaming / integration into the Research Management Framework (to begin 2013 as part of Output III of Gender Strategy).

Specific, regional gender equality targets, e.g. for end beneficiary technology adoption, have yet to be defined.

D.2 Institutional architecture for gender mainstreaming in place (integration of gender across the research cycle)

https://sites.google.com/site/csisaportal/Home


A. The capacity for gender analysis in WHEAT is moderate. However, implementation of the WHEAT

Gender Strategy during 2013-2015 will lay the foundation for gender integration, i.e. building the enabling institutional conditions and resources that will encourage and facilitate the systematic consideration and integration of gender in research design and implementation. As institutional frameworks and the incentives for gender integration are strengthened, this will influence research design & implementation and lead to greater integration of gender.

B. Making gender analysis a regular element in the research cycle will be driven by the CIMMYT Research Management Framework, of which Gender is an integral part. This is an example of institutional frameworks and procedures actively promoting the consideration of gender issues when identifying research questions & developing research plans - and ensure that such issues are addressed (including budget requirements). A key element is the piloting of a proposal screening procedure in the early proposal development stages, which will constitute the foundation for follow-up on integration of gender in implementation, as well as output and outcome monitoring. Indicators for tracking progress and effectiveness for gender mainstreaming will be developed by mid-2013.

C. Performance indicators for gender mainstreaming status for WHEAT (see Annex 2): Performance approaches requirements.

E. PARTNERSHIPS BUILDING ACHIEVEMENTS

Partnership Strategy and Practices (See also: Key Messages section: Wheat for Africa & Annex 5: Maps)

- WHEAT collaborates with 219 partners (NARS, universities, Regional and International Org’s, ARIs, private sector institutions, NGOs and CBOs and host countries), of whom 68 are funded/with formal agreements.

- The WHEAT-Stakeholder Committee has a majority of non-CGIAR partner members, to ensure independent oversight. The WHEAT-Management Committee includes 3 non-CGIAR Primary Research Partners (BBSRC -UK, GRDC-Australia, ICAR-India); to ensure research partner interests are well represented.

- WHEAT agreements with research partners have been standardized (sub-grant agreement with reporting requirements, Terms & Conditions; MoU).

- A first round of Competitive Partner Grants (W1&2-funded Partner Budget of $2.4mn), to fill research gaps in the WHEAT Strategic Initiatives portfolio, attracted 25 proposals from non-CGIAR research partners for 18 Requests for Proposal (see Annex 6).

- WHEAT-MC mandated major partner events included the WHEAT Launch Meeting, the Wheat for African Food Security Conference and a Conference with South Asian MAIZE & WHEAT partners.

- A Partner Priorities Survey, launched in September, asks the 200+ WHEAT research partners (at national level) to articulate their priorities among the 10 WHEAT Themes (see: http://fs4.formsite.com/cimmyt/CRP-Wheat-survey/index.html). By end February 2013, sixty partners had responded. In January 2012, partners contributed to shaping the Themes’ research focus and content.

F. CAPACITY BUILDING

“Anybody working in wheat research will come to CIMMYT at least once in their lifetime.” (Tony Fischer, WHEAT-Stakeholder Committee, 15th March 2013)

WHEAT training events bring national wheat researchers together, across disciplines and departments. Participants attest that it was the first time they met colleagues from other countries – and in several cases, colleagues from other institutions in their own country. The cumulative networking effect of recurring capacity development programs can be observed in ex-trainees joining CIMMYT or ICARDA Offices or university departments, which are WHEAT research partners.

http://fs4.formsite.com/cimmyt/CRP-Wheat-survey/index.html


In 2012, 23,000 pilot farmers, extension agents and wheat researchers participated in short-term capacity development activities, of which 27% were women. xxviii Forty-nine persons engaged in long-term training/research programs (2/3 of which women). In the context of a new Capacity Development Strategy (approved by its Board May 2012), ICARDA organized 8 short-term and 1 long-term course, bringing together participants from 14 countries. CIMMYT ran 2 group trainings on basic and advanced wheat improvement in Mexico, established in 2010 to replace the general training course and take in more participants each year. In addition, six trainees participated in the 5-week visiting scientist program “Conservation agriculture: Laying the groundwork for sustainable and productive cropping systems” They worked on sustainable practice in Argentina, India, Iran, Mexico and Nepal, which they documented in a Compendium publication.

Building global wheat researcher community’s competence (Theme 10)

The international wheat improvement training courses have been a major part of CIMMYT’s commitment to long-term in-depth capacity development. As many national programs are refocusing their activities to include wheat bioinformatics, molecular breeding, physiology, conservation agriculture, pathology, and seed health issues, the Wheat Improvement Course offers a broad curriculum to the highly motivated wheat scientists from developing countries. Among other activities, participants are trained in pollination techniques, disease identification, and how to select plants and seed. From March to May 2012, participants benefited from Obregon’s 170 hectares of wheat experimental fields, visits to farmers’ fields, the Mexican national research programs and from interactions with established wheat scientists at CIMMYT.

The 2012 course was attended by 23 participants from 16 countries, who returned to their respective countries with skills and knowledge needed to design and run a modern wheat improvement, valuing teamwork and interdisciplinary research. Lutanga Makweti, a Zambian wheat breeder, for example, has initiated a crossing program to expand his companies’ breeding activities in Zambia, passing on the skills and techniques he gained during the course to other young researchers in his country.

In two years, women participation in the Wheat Improvement Courses increased from 4% (2005-2010) to 24% (2011-12). In cooperation with Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI, led by Cornell Univ.) and its Jeannie Borlaug Women In Triticum Fellowships, the number of women participating should rise to more than 30% over the next 2 years. Over the past 2 years more than 50% of the participants were young scientists, mostly MSc holders.

G. RISK MANAGEMENT

Biophysical risks associated with international germplasm exchange: A project on wheat blast was delayed by one year due to a virus, which made seed shipments to Brazil impossible. A repeat activity will take place 2013.

Political risk: ICARDA’s research operations were greatly affected by the Syrian civil war. ICARDA has responded with a decentralization strategy, with most WHEAT researchers moving to Morocco. The genebank has been relocated to Tunis.

Partnership risk: The Morocco impact study was delayed and moved into 2013.

H. LESSONS LEARNED

Analysis of variance from what was planned:

i. Estimate the overall level of confidence/uncertainty of the indicators provided in Table 1: Medium, as some of the indicators were part of the CRP Performance Matrix agreed as part of the PIA, whilst some indicators are ‘new’ – and the whole set of indicators were only agreed upon in March 2013. It is not realistic to (re-)collect such data reliably in such a short period.

ii. Description, if relevant, of research avenues that did not produce expected results, and description of implications for the CRP, such as new research directions pursued instead and their expected


outputs and outcomes: Not applicable for 2012. Additional, new research directions discussed during 2012, with follow-up actions in 2013 (ex-ante studies to better guide targeting and prioritizing of WHEAT research).

iii. Lessons learned by the CRP from monitoring the indicators and from qualitative analyses of progress: Not applicable for 2012.

WHEAT Program Management has learnt that

- A significant number of non-CGIAR and CGIAR researchers remain confused about what the CGIAR change towards CRPs entails;

- Managing linkages between projects within a Theme, between Themes and between different CRPs Themes requires additional time & effort on ‘both sides’;

- Reviewing outputs-to-outcomes pathways in a participatory manner was not feasible in 2012, due to time constraints that researchers and partners were experiencing.

Templat es for annual r epo r t ing for th e year s 2012 an d 2013

February 2013 Page | 13

Annex 1: CRP indicators of progress, with glossary and targets CRPs concerned by this indicator

Indicator Glossary/guidelines for measuring the indicator Deviation narrative (if actual is more than 10% off target)

2012 2013 2014

Target (if available for 2012)

Actual Target Target

KNOWLEDGE, TOOLS, DATA

All 1. Number of flagship “products” produced by CRP

See: http://wheat.org/our-strategy Strategic lnitiative (Theme) 1 Technology targeting for greatest impact Sl 2 Sustainable wheat-based systems Sl 3 Nutrient and water- use efficiency Sl 4 Productive wheat varieties Sl 5 Durable disease and pest resistance Sl 6 Enhanced heat and drought tolerance Sl 7 Breaking the yield barrier Sl 8 More and better seed Sl 9 Seeds of discovery Sl 10 Strengthening capacities

10 10 10

All 2. % of flagship products produced that have explicit target of women farmers/NRM managers

"that include" not "have" (applies to several projects under an SI) Sl 1 Technology targeting for greatest impact Sl 2 Sustainable wheat-based systems Sl 10 Strengthening capacities

3 3 3

All 3. % of flagship products produced that have been assessed for likely gender-disaggregated impact

Gender Audit initiated 10 10

All 4. Number of ”tools” produced by CRP

Manuals and web-based applications ICARDA (Tadesse, 2

nd April)

327 (16

co-developed with other

CRPs)

522 522

All 5. % of tools that have an explicit target of women farmers

Tools are not targeted individually, but at flagship product level

http://wheat.org/our-strategy



All 6. % of tools assessed for

likely gender-disaggregated impact

Tools are not targeted individually, but at flagship product level

All 7. Number of open access databases maintained by CRP

IWIS, rusttracker.org, Wheat Doctor, Wheat Atlas - Wheat Seed Catalogue prototype & GRIS (both in collaboration) http://iwis.cimmyt.org/confluence/display/IWIS/Home wheatpedigree.net http://iwis.cimmyt.org/confluence/display/IWIS/Home http://wheatatlas.cimmyt.org/ http://bioinf.hutton.ac.uk/germinate_cimmyt/app/index.pl http://wheatdoctor.cimmyt.org/

5 5 5

All 8. Total number of users of these open access databases

Unique visitors in 2012 (excludes Wheat Seed Catalogue) 124,450 125,000 130,000

All 9. Number of publications in ISI journals produced by CRP

KPI Indicator Database (CIMMYT only) ICARDA ISI pubs list No data gathered from (other) research partners

121 (includes 18 jointly

with other CRPs)

121 121

1,2,3, 4, 6 10. Number of strategic value chains analyzed by CRP

2012 1 Scoping study on Varietal Replacement and Evolving Seed Systems for Wheat and Maize in South Asia 1 Study on potential for wheat production in Africa 2 pilot studies on wheat value chains in India in the states of Haryana and Bihar 2013 3 studies on wheat value chains in India in the states Bihar, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh ICARDA: Seed Systems Analysis

5 5 4 2

1,5,6,7 11. Number of targeted agro-ecosystems analysed/characterised by CRP

Use the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) typology of cultivated systems and of forests and woodland systems (MEA, 2005, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends, Volume 1) to define these agro-ecosystems and specify the regions concerned

1,5,6,7 12. Estimated population of above-mentioned agro-ecosystems

CAPACITY ENHANCEMENT AND INNOVATION PLATFORMS

All 13. Number of trainees in short-term programs facilitated by CRP (male)

ICARDA: CAC, IWWIP, Travelling Rust WS, CIMMYT: Training DB (incomplete).

18,220 (15,144

shared with other CRPs)

16,415 17,000

http://iwis.cimmyt.org/confluence/display/IWIS/Home

http://iwis.cimmyt.org/confluence/display/IWIS/Home

http://wheatatlas.cimmyt.org/

http://bioinf.hutton.ac.uk/germinate_cimmyt/app/index.pl

http://wheatdoctor.cimmyt.org/



All 14. Number of trainees in

short-term programs facilitated by CRP (female)

(see above, but for female) 4,883 (3,418 with other CRPs)

5,226 10,000

All 15. Number of trainees in long-term programs facilitated by CRP (male)

ICARDA: MSc, PhD students (thesis), YASP junior scientists CIMMYT: MSc & PhD only

30 (5

shared with other CRPs)

40 45

All 16.Number of trainees in long-term programs facilitated by CRP (female)

(see above, but for female) 19 (1

shared) 23 28

1,5,6,7 17. Number of multi-stakeholder R4D innovation platforms established for the targeted agro-ecosystems by the CRPs

To be counted, a multi-stakeholder platform has to have a clear purpose, generally to manage some type of tradeoff/conflict among the different interests of different stakeholders in the targeted agro-ecosystems, and inclusive and clear governance mechanisms, leading to decisions to manage the variety of perspectives of stakeholders in a manner satisfactory to the whole platform.

38 43 47

TECHNOLOGIES/PRACTICES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

All 18. Number of technologies/NRM practices under research in the CRP (Phase I)

Germplasm: 265,572 Agronomy: 260 From CIMMYT KPI database ICARDA: FTF figures

265,730 260,000 265,000

All 19. % of technologies under research that have an explicit target of women farmers

Technologies are not targeted individually, but at flagship product level ICARDA: 10% Yr1 / 15% Yr2 / 15% Yr3)

All 20. % of technologies under research that have been assessed for likely gender-disaggregated impact

Technologies are not targeted individually, but at flagship product level ICARDA: 5% Yr1 / 10% Yr2 / 15% Yr3)

1,5,6,7 21 Number of agro-ecosystems for which CRP has identified feasible approaches for improving ecosystem services and for establishing positive incentives for farmers to improve ecosystem functions as per the CRP’s recommendations

Use the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) typology of cultivated systems and of forests and woodland systems (MEA, 2005, Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Current State and Trends, Volume 1) to define these agro-ecosystems; identify the regions if possible

1,5,6,7 22. Number of people who will potentially benefit from plans, once finalised, for the scaling up of strategies

Indicate the potential number of both women and men



All, except 2

23. Number of technologies /NRM practices field tested (phase II)

Germplasm: 14,834 Agronomy: 20 From CIMMYT KPI database ICARDA FTF Figures

34,850 35,500 36,500

1,5,6,7 24. Number of agro-ecosystems for which innovations (technologies, policies, practices, integrative approaches) and options for improvement at system level have been developed and are being field tested (Phase II)

1) Irrigated rice-wheat double crop (IGP maize can also be a significant crop) 2) High altitude rainfed systems (Ethiopia, Kenya, Mexico, Nepal). Irrigated subtropical (Northern Mexico). Map of MEA/AEZ would be of great help here to extract exact typology

2 2 2

1,5,6,7 25. % of above innovations/approaches/options that are targeted at decreasing inequality between men and women

Basically innovations related to CA are also targeted at reducing inequalities between man and women due to innovations reducing labor and labor drudgery

2 2 2

1,5,6,7 26. Number of published research outputs from CRP utilised in targeted agro-ecosystems

CIMMYT CAP figure: 32 (to be verified)

All, except 2

27.Number of technologies/NRM practices released by public and private sector partners globally (phase III)

Germplasm: 31 (+ ICARDA: 10) Agronomy: 10 (estimate) From CIMMYT KPI database

50 50 50

POLICIES IN VARIOUS STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

All 28. Numbers of Policies/ Regulations/ Administrative Procedures Analyzed (Stage 1)

2012 1 Policy brief on Wheat for Food Security in Africa 1 Seed policy review within scoping study on Varietal Replacement and Evolving Seed Systems for Wheat and Maize in South Asia (incl Seed Policy and Legislation and policy recommendations) + ICARDA: Wheat baseline survey and adoption studies

3 3 2 2



All 29. Number of policies /

regulations / administrative procedures drafted and presented for public/stakeholder consultation (Stage 2)

2012 1 Wheat for Food Security in Africa Conference in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (Oct ‘12 )ends with Declaration: Wheat is a strategic crop for Africa 1 African Union Joint Conference of MoA and Trade (JCMAT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, End Nov ‘12:) endorses the Declaration that Wheat is a strategic crop for Africa 1 Roadmap for Action / Summary of Discussion from the Bangladesh Seed Summit 2012 (Apr ‘12)

2 3 1 1

All 30. Number of policies / regulations / administrative procedures presented for legislation(Stage 3)

: … underwent the third stage of the policy reform process (policies were presented for legislation/decree to improve the policy environment for smallholder-based agriculture.)

0 0 0 0

All 31. Number of policies / regulations / administrative procedures prepared passed/approved (Stage 4)

: …underwent the fourth stage of the policy reform process (official approval (legislation/decree) of new or revised policy / regulation / administrative procedure by relevant authority).

0 0 0 0

All 32. Number of policies / regulations / administrative procedures passed for which implementation has begun (Stage 5)

: …completed the policy reform process (implementation of new or revised policy / regulation / administrative procedure by relevant authority)

0 0 0 0

OUTCOMES ON THE GROUND

All 33. Number of hectares under improved technologies or management practices as a result of CRP research

CWANA (ICARDA): Both new & continuing areas in North Africa, East Africa, West & Central Asia CIMMYT: Based on KNOWN seed production in 2012 – INCOMPLETE

1,500,000 1,650,000 2,350,000

All 34. Number of farmers and others who have applied new technologies or management practices as a result of CRP research

ICARDA FTF figures (CWANA, see regions above) CIMMYT: Assumption: farmer average use 1 hectare – INCOMPLETE

1,650,000 1,802,000 2,050,000



Annex 2: Performance indicators for gender mainstreaming

Performance Indicator Performance approaches requirements Meets requirements Exceeds requirements

1. Gender inequality targets defined

Sex-disaggregated social data is being collected and used to diagnose important gender-related constraints in at least one of the CRP’s main target populations

X


And

The CRP has designed a way to define or baseline empirically the main dimensions of gender inequality in the CRP’s main target populations relevant to its expected outcomes ( IDOs)


And

The CRP has designed a way to define or baseline empirically the main dimensions of gender inequality in the CRP’s main target populations relevant to its expected outcomes (IDOs)

And

Baseline data is used to target changes in levels of gender inequality to which the CRP is or plans to contribute, with related numbers of men and women beneficiaries in the CRP’s main target populations

2. Institutional architecture for integration of gender is in place

Means of verification:

- CRP Annual Report - CRP policy/procedure for gender assessment of research priorities (flagship designation), proposals, and final products - M&E gender protocol

- CRP scientists and managers with responsibility for gender in the CRP’s outputs are appointed, have written TORS. - Procedures defined to report use of available diagnostic or baseline knowledge on gender routinely for assessment of the gender equality implications of the CRP’s flagship research products as per the Gender Strategy ??

-CRP M&E system has protocol for tracking progress on integration of gender in research

X

- CRP scientists and managers with responsibility for gender in the CRP’s outputs are appointed, have written TORS and funds allocated to support their interaction.

- Procedures defined to report use of available diagnostic or baseline knowledge on gender routinely for assessment of the gender equality implications of the CRP’s flagship research products as per the Gender Strategy


And

A CRP plan approved for capacity development in gender analysis

CRP scientists and managers with responsibility for gender in the CRP’s outputs are appointed, have written TORS and funds allocated to support their interaction.

- Procedures defined to report use of available diagnostic or baseline knowledge on gender routinely for assessment of the gender equality implications of the CRP’s flagship research products as per the Gender Strategy


And

A CRP plan approved for capacity development in gender analysis

And

The CRP uses feedback provided by its M&E system to improve its integration of gender into research



Annex 3: CRP FINANCIAL REPORT

Files needed

Ref Description Responsibility 2012 2013 Comments CRP FS ANEXES (sent and worksheet)

TOTAL EXPENSES OF JUNE (20 AUGUST FILE) (sent and worksheet)

Budget and Financial Reports FINAL EXPENSES REPORT ( working sheet)

ICARDA FILEL101 CRP Cumulative Financial Summary Lead Center Yes Yes Simplified format - no longer at Theme level

L106 CRP Annual Funding Summary Lead Center Yes Yes Small changes in format

L111 CRP Annual Financial Summary Lead Center Yes Yes Small changes in format

L121 CRP - Expenditure by Natural Classification Report Lead Center Yes Yes Small changes in format

L131 CRP - Themes Report Lead Center Yes Yes New report - but note this information was previously incorporated in L101

Analytical Financial Reports

L201 CRP - Bilateral Grants Report Lead Center Yes Yes No changes in format

L211 CRP Partnerships Report Lead Center Yes Yes No changes in format

Cash Flow Reports

L401 Funding - Windows 1 and 2 Cash Flows Lead Center Yes Yes No changes in format

L411 Funding - Window 2 Report Lead Center Yes Yes New report, requested by Donors, Paris meeting

INDEX

CRP Financial Reporting Templates



L101 Whole of Life

Report Description L101

Name of Report CRP Cumuative Financial Summary

Reporting Line Lead Center Report to Consortium Office

Frequency/Period Every 6 months

Period 1 January 2011 - 31 December 2012 3.1 CRP on Wheat

(c) Variance - Cumulative

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Africa Rice - - -

Bioversity - - -

CIAT - - -

CIFOR - - -

CIMMYT 33,206 7,014 64,567 - 104,787 9,796 1,017 23,280 - 34,093 (23,409) (5,997) (41,287) - (70,694)

CIP - - -

ICARDA 6,986 4,230 14,682 - 25,898 1,696 1,321 3,670 - 6,687 (5,290) (2,909) (11,012) - (19,211)

ICRISAT - - -

IFPRI - - -

IITA - - -

ILRI - - -

IRRI - - -

IWMI - - -

World Agroforestry - - -

World Fish - - -

Totals for CRP 40,192 11,244 79,249 - 130,685 11,492 2,338 26,950 - 40,780 (28,700) (8,906) (52,299) - (89,905)

- (0) 0 - (0)

31% 9% 61% 0% 100% 28% 6% 66% 0% 100% 32% 10% 58% 0% 100%

Notes

All figures shown here are illustrative only, and are in USD 000's

Section (a) is cumulative - includes financial plan of current year as well as those of prior years.

Section (b) is cumulative - refers to all costs since inception, not just current year.

Section (c) amounts are the differences between Sections (a) and (b).

(a) Cumulative budget per annual financial plans. (b) Actual Expenses - Cumulative




Name of Report CRP Cumuative Financial Summary

Reporting Line Lead Center Report to Consortium OfficeFrequency/Period Every 6 months


(c) Variance - Cumulative

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Africa Rice - - -

Bioversity - - -

CIAT - - -

CIFOR - - -

CIMMYT 10,533 1,687 29,520 - 41,740 9,796 1,017 23,280 - 34,093 (736) (670) (6,240) - (7,647)

CIP - - -

ICARDA 2,216 2,007 7,015 - 11,238 1,696 1,321 3,670 - 6,687 (520) (686) (3,344) - (4,551)

ICRISAT - - -

IFPRI - - -

IITA - - -

ILRI - - -

IRRI - - -

IWMI - - -


World Fish - - -

Totals for CRP 12,749 3,694 36,535 - 52,977 11,492 2,338 26,950 - 40,780 (1,257) (1,356) (9,584) - (12,197)

- - - - - - - - - - (0) - - - -

24% 7% 69% 0% 100% 28% 6% 66% 0% 100% 10% 11% 79% 0% 100%

Notes


Section (a) is cumulative - includes financial plan of current year as well as those of prior years.

Section (b) is cumulative - refers to all costs since inception, not just current year.


(a) Cumulative budget per annual financial plans. (b) Actual Expenses - Cumulative




Name of Report CRP Annual Funding Summary




PART 1 - Annual FINANCE PLAN (Totals for Windows 1 and 2 combined) *

Approved Level for Year - Initial Approval 12,749

Approved Level for Year - Final Amount 12,749

* Note: It does not include contribution to the CGIAR

PART 2 - Funding Summary for Year

CRP 2012 Actual Funding

Window 1 Window 2 Window 3 Bilateral funding Total Funding

W1 Donors -

BMGF 393 393

European Commission 419 419

ICAR, India 307 307

MARA 269 269

Turkey 242 242

USAID 666 666

Other 42 42

AARD 91 91

ACIAR 111 111

AFESD 349 349

Agrovegetal 135 135

Australia 187 187

CIMMYT (As ICARDAs Bilat Donor) 198 198

Cornell 4,065 4,065

FAO 107 107

GCP 240 240

Germany 392 392

GRDC 1,355 1,355

Hplus 933 933

ILRI 105 105

INIFAP 228 228

Iran 175 175

IRRI 2,151 2,151

ISDB 152 152

Japan 371 371

JIRCAS 219 219

Kuwait Fund 576 576

SAGARPA 9,666 9,666

SFSA 390 390

USAID 882 882

USDA 2,895 2,895

Other 976 976

Totals for CRP - - 2,338 26,950 29,288

0 0 -

Notes


Amount shown for Window 1 donors is total, as these funds are co-mingled

Amounts shown for Window 2 donors are as per Report L411.

Amounts shown for Window 3 donors are as per Report L201

Amounts shown for Bilateral funding are as per Report L201




Name of Report CRP Annual Financial Summary



Period 1 January 2012 - 31 December 2012

(a) CRP2012 Fin plan approved budget (b) CRP 2012 Expenditure (c) Variance this Year

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Africa Rice - - -

Bioversity - - -

CIAT - - -

CIFOR - - -

CIMMYT 10,533 1,687 29,520 - 41,740 9,796 1,017 23,280 - 34,093 (736) (670) (6,240) - (7,647)

CIP - - -

ICARDA 2,216 2,007 7,015 - 11,238 1,696 1,321 3,670 - 6,687 (520) (686) (3,344) - (4,551)

ICRISAT - - -

IFPRI - - -

IITA - - -

ILRI - - -

IRRI - - -

IWMI - - -


World Fish - - -

Totals for CRP 12,749 3,694 36,535 - 52,977 11,492 2,338 26,950 - 40,780 (1,257) (1,356) (9,584) - (12,197)

- - - - - - - - - -

-105% -30% -300% 0% -434% 28% -19% -221% 0% -334% 10% 11% 79% 0% 100%

Notes

All figures are for current year. Amounts shown here are illustrative only, and are in USD 000's

Section (a) amounts are as per the latest financing plan

Section (b) amounts are for actual expenses in current year.





Name of Report CRP Financial Report - Expenditure by natural classification (by Center)




Annual Budget Actual Expenses - This Year Unspent Budget Windows

1 and 2

Funds

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

FundsTotal

Windows

1 and 2

Funds

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

FundsTotal

Windows

1 and 2

Funds

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

FundsTotal

Total CRP

Personnel 4,259 959 10,279 - 15,497 3,356 586 7,092 - 11,034 (903) (373) (3,187) - (4,463)

Collaborator Costs - CGIAR Centers 86 - 507 - 592 50 - 374 - 424 (36) - (132) - (168)

Collaborator Costs - Partners 2,718 624 5,484 - 8,826 1,585 496 4,020 - 6,101 (1,133) (128) (1,464) - (2,726)

Supplies and Services 2,511 1,126 11,867 - 15,504 3,557 553 7,810 - 11,920 1,045 (573) (4,057) - (3,584)

Operational Travel 805 233 1,759 - 2,797 642 191 1,376 - 2,208 (163) (42) (384) - (589)

Depreciation 999 213 1,733 - 2,946 817 179 2,746 - 3,742 (182) (34) 1,012 - 796

Sub-total of Direct Costs 11,379 3,155 31,630 - 46,163 10,007 2,005 23,417 - 35,429 (1,372) (1,150) (8,212) - (10,734)

Indirect Costs 1,370 539 4,905 - 6,814 1,485 333 3,533 - 5,351 115 (206) (1,372) - (1,463)

Total - all Costs 12,749 3,694 36,535 - 52,977 11,492 2,338 26,950 - 40,780 (1,257) (1,356) (9,584) - (12,197)

- 0 (0) - 0

Amounts for each participating center below:

CIMMYT

Personnel 3,172 671 9,055 - 12,898 2,524 334 6,220 - 9,078 (648) (337) (2,836) - (3,821)

Collaborator Costs - CGIAR Centers 86 - 507 - 592 50 - 374 - 424 (36) - (132) - (168)

Collaborator Costs - Partners 2,714 174 4,303 - 7,190 1,581 76 3,178 - 4,835 (1,132) (98) (1,125) - (2,356)

Supplies and Services 2,045 489 8,926 - 11,460 3,201 353 6,858 - 10,411 1,155 (136) (2,068) - (1,049)

Operational Travel 549 89 1,297 - 1,934 446 105 1,046 - 1,596 (103) 16 (251) - (338)

Depreciation 967 36 1,262 - 2,265 792 23 2,410 - 3,225 (175) (13) 1,148 - 960

Sub-total of Direct Costs 9,532 1,459 25,350 - 36,341 8,594 891 20,085 - 29,569 (938) (568) (5,265) - (6,771)

Indirect Costs 1,001 228 4,170 - 5,399 1,203 126 3,195 - 4,523 202 (102) (975) - (875)

Total - all Costs 10,533 1,687 29,520 - 41,740 9,796 1,017 23,280 - 34,093 (736) (670) (6,240) - (7,647)

5 - - (2,211) - - - - -

ICARDA

Personnel 1,087 288 1,224 - 2,599 832 252 872 - 1,956 (255) (36) (352) - (643)

Collaborator Costs - CGIAR Centers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Collaborator Costs - Partners 5 450 1,181 - 1,636 4 420 842 - 1,266 (1) (30) (339) - (370)

Supplies and Services 466 637 2,941 - 4,044 356 200 952 - 1,509 (110) (437) (1,989) - (2,536)

Operational Travel 256 144 462 - 863 196 86 330 - 612 (60) (58) (132) - (251)

Depreciation 32 177 471 - 681 25 156 336 - 517 (7) (21) (135) - (164)

Sub-total of Direct Costs 1,847 1,696 6,280 - 9,822 1,413 1,114 3,332 - 5,860 (434) (582) (2,947) - (3,963)

Indirect Costs 369 311 735 - 1,415 283 207 338 - 828 (87) (104) (397) - (588)

Total - all Costs 2,216 2,007 7,015 - 11,238 1,696 1,321 3,670 - 6,687 (520) (686) (3,344) - (4,551)

- - 0 - 0 - 0 (0) - 0

Center 3, 4, etc to be added

Notes

Totals within this report must agree with amounts reported in L111.





Name of Report CRP Themes Report (by Center, and Funding Source)




Annual Budget Actual Expenses this Year Unspent Budget

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

Windows

1 & 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

funds

Total

Funding

CRP Report - by Themes

Sl 1 Technology targeting for greatest impact 1,458 31 1,024 - 2,513 1,040 2 665 - 1,707 (419) (29) (359) - (806)

Sl 2 Susteinable wheat-based systems 457 660 4,613 - 5,730 233 147 3,963 - 4,343 (224) (514) (649) - (1,387)

Sl 3 Nutrient and water- use efficency 675 - 184 - 860 423 - 147 - 570 (252) - (38) - (290)

Sl 4 Productive wheat varieties 4,281 753 5,735 - 10,769 4,003 1,094 4,758 - 9,854 (279) 341 (977) - (915)

Sl 5 Durable disease and pest resistance 1,463 908 7,425 - 9,796 1,273 167 5,314 - 6,754 (190) (741) (2,111) - (3,043)

Sl 6 Enchanced heat and drought tolerance 920 97 1,827 - 2,844 609 97 1,201 - 1,907 (310) - (627) - (937)

Sl 7 Breaking the yield barrier 1,051 - 1,782 - 2,833 1,132 - 1,704 - 2,836 81 - (78) - 3

Sl 8 More and better seed 275 912 6,797 - 7,985 198 666 2,858 - 3,722 (77) (246) (3,939) - (4,263)

Sl 9 Seeds of discovery 958 - 6,460 - 7,417 750 - 5,566 - 6,316 (208) - (893) - (1,101)

Sl 10 Strengthening capacities 517 333 687 - 1,538 555 166 774 - 1,495 38 (167) 87 - (43)

Gender Strategies 21 - - - 21 38 - - - 38 16 - - - 16

CRP Management 672 - - - 672 1,240 - - - 1,240 568 - - - 568

Totals for CRP 12,749 3,694 36,535 - 52,977 11,492 2,338 26,950 - 40,780 (1,257) (1,356) (9,584) - (12,197)

- - (0) - (0) - 0 (0) - 0

Amounts for each participating center below:

CIMMYT

Sl 1 Technology targeting for greatest impact 1,258 31 874 - 2,163 899 2 665 - 1,566 (359) (29) (209) - (597)

Sl 2 Susteinable wheat-based systems 457 660 4,613 - 5,730 233 147 3,963 - 4,343 (224) (514) (649) - (1,387)

Sl 3 Nutrient and water- use efficency 675 - 184 - 860 423 - 147 - 570 (252) - (38) - (290)

Sl 4 Productive wheat varieties 3,367 540 2,948 - 6,855 3,219 556 2,674 - 6,449 (148) 17 (274) - (406)

Sl 5 Durable disease and pest resistance 1,210 190 6,009 - 7,409 1,076 167 4,631 - 5,874 (134) (23) (1,378) - (1,535)

Sl 6 Enchanced heat and drought tolerance 677 97 1,131 - 1,904 433 97 904 - 1,434 (243) - (227) - (471)

Sl 7 Breaking the yield barrier 1,051 - 1,782 - 2,833 1,132 - 1,704 - 2,836 81 - (78) - 3

Sl 8 More and better seed 80 125 4,976 - 5,181 58 6 2,411 - 2,475 (22) (119) (2,566) - (2,706)

Sl 9 Seeds of discovery 738 - 6,460 - 7,197 681 - 5,559 - 6,240 (57) - (900) - (957)

Sl 10 Strengthening capacities 327 44 543 - 914 366 42 622 - 1,030 39 (2) 79 - 116

Gender Strategies 21 - - - 21 38 - - - 38 16 - - - 16

CRP Management 672 - - - 672 1,240 - - - 1,240 568 - - - 568

Total – all Costs 10,533 1,687 29,520 - 41,740 9,796 1,017 23,280 - 34,093 (736) (670) (6,240) - (7,647)

- - - - - - - - - -

ICARDA

Sl 1 Technology targeting for greatest impact 200 - 150 - 350 141 - - - 141 (59) - (150) - (209)

Sl 2 Susteinable wheat-based systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Sl 3 Nutrient and water- use efficency - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Sl 4 Productive wheat varieties 914 213 2,787 - 3,914 784 537 2,084 - 3,405 (130) 324 (703) - (509)

Sl 5 Durable disease and pest resistance 253 718 1,416 - 2,387 197 - 683 - 880 (56) (718) (733) - (1,507)

Sl 6 Enchanced heat and drought tolerance 243 - 696 - 940 176 - 297 - 473 (67) - (399) - (467)

Sl 7 Breaking the yield barrier - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Sl 8 More and better seed 196 787 1,821 - 2,803 140 660 447 - 1,247 (56) (127) (1,374) - (1,556)

Sl 9 Seeds of discovery 220 - - - 220 69 - 7 - 76 (151) - 7 - (144)

Sl 10 Strengthening capacities 190 289 144 - 623 189 124 152 - 465 (1) (165) 8 - (158)

Gender Strategies - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRP Management - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Total – all Costs 2,216 2,007 7,015 - 11,238 1,696 1,321 3,670 - 6,687 (520) (686) (3,344) - (4,551)



Report Description

Name of ReportCRP Partnerships Report


Frequency/PeriodEvery 6 months

Annual Budget Actual Expenses - This Year Unspent Budget

Institute Country

Windows

1 and 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

FundsTotal

Windows

1 and 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

FundsTotal

Windows

1 and 2

Window

3

Bilateral

funding

Center

FundsTotal

CIMMYT

ICARDA Uzbesquitan - 30 - 346 376 30 - 346 - 376

Others - 20 - 29 49 20 - 29 - 49

Sub-total CGIAR centers - - - - - 50 - 374 - 424 50 - 374 - 424

CDRP Pakistan - - 117 117 - - 117 - 117

CINVESTA Mexico - - 166 166 - - 166 - 166

DIVERSITY ARRAYS TECHNOLOGY, PTY LTD.Australia - - 723 723 - - 723 - 723

EIAR Ethiopia - - 120 120 - - 120 - 120

INIFAP Mexico - - 518 518 - - 518 - 518

LANCASTER UNIVERSITY Inglaterra,uk 120 - - 120 120 - - - 120

PARC Pakistan - - 222 222 - - 222 - 222

Rothamsed Mexico 144 - - 144 144 - - - 144

ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH LTDInglaterra,uk 136 - - 136 136 - - - 136

THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTEEscocia - - 225 225 - - 225 - 225

Others - 1,181 76 1,086 2,343 1,181 76 1,086 - 2,343

Sub-total Others - - - - - 1,581 76 3,178 - 4,835 1,581 76 3,178 - 4,835

CIP

ICARDA

ICRISAT

IFPRI

IITA

ILRI

IRRI

IWMI

World Agroforestry

World Fish

Totals for CRP - - - - - 1,631 76 3,552 - 5,259 1,631 76 3,552 - 5,259



Report Description

Name of Report CRP Financial Report - Bilateral Grants (by Center)



CRP Nr 3.1 CRP on Wheat


Annual Budget

Actual Expenses

this Year Variance

Totals for CRP

Window 3

BMGF 822 393 (430)

European Commission 1,031 419 (612)

ICAR, India 404 307 (98)

MARA 264 269 5

Turkey 287 242 (45)

USAID 841 666 (175)

Other 44 42 (2)

Sub-total 3,694 2,338 (1,356)

(0) 0 -

Bilateral

AARD 94 91 (3)

ACIAR 633 111 (522)

AFESD 854 349 (505)

Agrovegetal 154 135 (20)

Australia 414 187 (227)

CIMMYT (As ICARDAs Bilat Donor) 437 198 (239)

Cornell 5,291 4,065 (1,225)

FAO 227 107 (120)

GCP 251 240 (11)

Germany 996 392 (604)

GRDC 1,445 1,355 (90)

Hplus 1,034 933 (102)

ILRI 105 105 -

INIFAP 233 228 (5)

Iran 220 175 (45)

IRRI 2,354 2,151 (203)

ISDB 153 152 (1)

Japan 565 371 (194)

JIRCAS 220 219 (0)

Kuwait Fund 939 576 (362)

SAGARPA 11,016 9,666 (1,351)

SFSA 455 390 (65)

USAID 1,244 882 (363)

USDA 5,296 2,895 (2,401)

Other 1,903 976 (926)

Sub-total 36,535 26,950 (9,584)

0 0 -

Totals for CRP 40,229 29,288 (10,941)

Expenditure



Bilateral Grants for each participating center below:

CIMMYT

Window 3

BMGF 822 393 (430)

ICAR, India 404 307 (98)

MARA 264 269 5

Other 196 48 (148)

Sub-total 1,687 1,017 (670)

(0) 0 -

Bilateral

AARD 94 91 (3)

ACIAR 633 111 (522)

Agrovegetal 154 135 (20)

Cornell 4,855 3,773 (1,082)

GCP 251 240 (11)

GRDC 1,445 1,355 (90)

Hplus 1,034 933 (102)

ILRI 105 105 -

INIFAP 233 228 (5)

Iran 220 175 (45)

IRRI 2,354 2,151 (203)

Japan 118 103 (15)

JIRCAS 220 219 (0)

SAGARPA 11,016 9,666 (1,351)

SFSA 455 390 (65)

USAID 316 315 (1)

USDA 4,618 2,591 (2,027)

Other 1,397 698 (699)

Sub-total 29,520 23,280 (6,240)

(0) 0 -

Totals for CRP 31,207 24,297 (6,910)

(0) 0 -

ICARDA

Window 3

European Commission 1,031 419 (612)

Turkey 287 242 (45)

USAID 689 660 (29)

Sub-total 2,007 1,321 (686)

- (0) -

Bilateral

AFESD 854 349 (505)

Australia 414 187 (227)

CIMMYT 437 198 (239)

Cornell University 436 292 (144)

FAO 221 101 (120)

Germany 996 392 (604)

ISDB 153 152 (1)

Japan 447 268 (179)

Kuwait Fund 939 576 (362)

USAID 928 567 (361)

USDA 678 304 (374)

Other 512 284 (228)

Sub-total 7,015 3,670 (3,344)

0 - -

Totals for CRP 9,022 4,991 (4,030)



Report Description

Name of Report CRP Funding Statement, Windows 1 and 2



PART 1 - REPORT OF LEAD CENTER (CIAT used as example)

Opening Balance - 1 January 0

W1 Receipts from Consortium Office (actual dates)

19-Mar-12 2,381

20-Dec-12 2,128

Total Receipts 4,509

W2 Receipts from Consortium Office (actual dates)

19-Mar-12 4,319

27-Nov-12 732

20-Dec-12 3,430

Total Receipts 8,481

Transfers to CG Partners

Africa Rice

Bioversity

CIAT

CIFOR

CIMMYT

CIP

ICARDA (2,216)

ICRISAT

IFPRI

IITA

ILRI

IRRI

IWMI

World Agroforestry

World Fish

Total Disbursments (2,216)

Expenditure by Lead Center (9,796)

Unliquidated Advances to CIAT Partners 0

Funds held - end of Period 978

Commitments (2,702)

NET Funds held - end of Period (1,725)



PART 2 - REPORT OF CGIAR CENTERS

Funds held -

start of Period

Transfers from

Lead Center Expenditure

Unliquidated

Advances to

Partners

Funds held -

end of Period

Africa Rice 0

Bioversity 0

CIAT

CIFOR 0

CIMMYT - 2,216 (1,696) - 520

CIP -

ICARDA -

ICRISAT -

IFPRI -

IITA -

ILRI -

IRRI -

IWMI -

World Agroforestry -

World Fish -

Totals - 2,216 (1,696) - 520

Notes

Amounts should be reported in USD 000's

Report is for each financial year.

Quarterly Reports during year are on a cumulative basis.

All figures illustrative only (taking CIAT as Lead Center)



Report Description

Name of Report CRP Funding Statement, Window 2



It is for the ConsortiumDate

Year 1 - 2011

Receipts from Donors

DFID 7-Jul-11 GBP 1,000 1,500

USAID 10-Oct-11 USD 500 500

2,000

Transfers to Lead Center (via CO)

(if applicable)

Other Disbursments

CSP paid to Window 1 12-Dec-11 (40)

Funds held by Trustee - end of Period 31-Dec-11 1,960

Year 2 - 2012

Receipts from Donors

DGIS GBP 400 600

IBRD

SIDA USD 500 500

1,100

Transfers to Lead Center (via CO)

Transfer 1 15-Mar-12 (200)

Transfer 2 6-Jun-12 (1,500)

Transfer 3 12-Dec-12 (1,338)

Other Disbursments

CSP paid to Window 1 10-Dec-12 (22)

Funds held by Trustee - end of Period 31-Dec-12 -

Notes

Amounts should be reported in USD 000's

This reports is on a cumulative basis (prior periods also shown)

Donor Currency USD



Annex 4: Progress towards Impacts

External Reviews (done, ongoing) WHEAT W1&2-funded activities under SI1 (mainly ex-post impact)

WHEAT Competitive Partner Grants

2008 1. Conservation Agriculture Research at CIMMYT (WHEAT SI2, SI3)

2009 1. CGIAR Social Science Stripe Review (WHEAT SI1)

2. CGIAR Harvest Plus Review (WHEAT SI4)

3. Durable Rust Resistant Wheat (WHEAT SI 5, bilateral)

4. Genotyping at CIMMYT (WHEAT SI4, SI5)

2010 1. Cereal Rust Control (WHEAT SI5, bilateral)

2011 1. Cereal Systems Initiative South Asia (WHEAT SI2 &SI3, bilateral)

2. MycoRed (WHEAT SI5, bilateral) 3. Cereal crop improvement in

Afghanistan (WHEAT SI8, bilateral)

4. Conservation, Characterization and Utilization of Maize and Wheat Genetic Resources (GENEBANK)

2012 1. NRM research in the CGIAR

(WHEAT SI2, SI3) 2. Alignment of WHEAT SI2 with

CRP1.1 (internal between two CRPs involved)

3. CIMMYT-ICARDA winter wheat program IWWIP (WHEAT SI4, SI5, SI6)

4. Wheat breeding (WHEAT SI4, SI5, SI6 bilateral)

5. Review of the integrated breeding platform (WHEAT, SI4, bilateral)

6. Wheat Yield Consortium strategy (WHEAT SI7)

Study: Wheat for food security in Africa: Biophysical Potential, Economic Profitability and Competitiveness of Domestic production’ (IFPRI) – ex-ante Rainfed wheat adoption and impact in Ethiopia highlands – ex-post Study of wheat seed systems and adoption and impacts in Morocco – ex-post (delayed into 2013)

The Potential of Wheat Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: Biophysical Suitability and Economic Profitability, to expand the study region to cover rainfed and irrigated system across Sub-Saharan Africa, including West Africa. In addition, in the case of crop competition is expected, further analysis will be conducted to analyse farmers’ choice of crops between wheat and others Scoping Study on the Integration of Gender and Social Equity in R4D on Wheat-Based Systems in South Asia Impact analysis of CIMMYT wheat (and its training) in China (runs until early 2014)



Summary of estimates of economic benefits of international wheat breeding research Study Period covered All breeding Attributed to IWINxxix

(Wheat/SI4)

Byerlee and Traxler (1996) 1966-90 $3.0 b per year Internal

rate of return of 53%

$1.5 b per year

Heisey et al. (2002) mid-

range estimate

1996-97 $2.4 b per year $1.1 b per year

Lantican et al. (2005)–

mid-range estimate

1988-2002 $3.4-4.8 b per year $1.0 to 1.8 b per year

Marasas et al. (2004)–

Leaf rust resistance only

1973-2007 $5.4 b net present value

Evenson and Rosegrant,

2002

1965-2000 With no breeding

research:

9-14% reduction in

output

29-61% increase in price

With no CGIAR:

5-6% in output

19-22% increase in price

Source: Byerlee and Dubin, 2008

Options to raise wheat productivity and how they relate to WHEAT Themes

Research domain Productivity increase potential

Source Relates to which WHEAT Theme (SI)

Agro-ecological attainable yield gaps

75% Bruinsman 2009 SI1 (better targeting & prioritizing), SI3 (water and nutrient use efficiency), SI4 (productive wheat varieties), SI5 (pest & diseases), SI6 (heat & drought), SI7 (breaking the yield barrier)

Sharing germplasm and knowledge

50% Rassmusen, 1996 SI4 & SI10 (capacity development) – and all other projects in all other Sis with knowledge-sharing activities

Breeding / Physiology

50% Reynolds et al, 2010

SI4-6

Agronomy – yield gap

48% Fischer et al, 2009 SI2 (wheat systems), SI3 & SI8 (more and better seed)

Weeds/ Diseases / Pests

28% Oerke 2006

SI2 & SI5

Post Harvest Losses in less developed countries

20% SI1 & SI2

Transgenics / Cisgenics

SI4 & SI7 (breaking the yield barrier; hybrids)



Annex 5: Maps showing germplasm exchange research partners’ location and in-field/on-farm R4D sites worldwide

Map shows 620 cooperators, who send back data to CIMMYT or ICARDA. Not all nursery sites are shown, as some points are national coordinators, who distribute germplasm to further sites. Cooperators who receive WHEAT germplasm, but do not send back data, are not shown.





Annex 6 – Competitive Partner Grants: Institutions, Research Topics and 1st YR Budget

CRP WHEAT Competitive Partner Grant Progress Report Feb 2013

Institution Research Project Budget YR1

(US$)

Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkota IISER-K Mohanpur.

Deciphering phytohormone signaling in modulation of resistance to spot blotch disease for identification of novel resistance components for WHEAT improvement.

128,000

IFPRI The potential of wheat production in Sub-Saharan Africa: Biophysical Suitability and Economic Profitability

60,000

Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy: Institute for Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources

Impact analysis of CIMMYT wheat (and its training) in China

50,172

The University Court of Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 OBA, Scotland UK

Scoping study on the integration of gender and social equity in R4D on WHEAT-Based Systems in South Asia.

180,000

Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon USA

Integrated Data Acquisition System for Sunn Pest Monitoring and Control: Design, Deployment, and Field Training

119,836

Kashkadarya Research Institute of grain breeding and seed production - KRIGBSP - Karshi, Uzbekistan.

Acelerating adoption of yellow rust resistant winter wheat varieties in Central Asia (SI 4 5 & 8)

72,450

Banaras Hindu university (BHU) Spot blotch of wheat: Delivering resistant WHEAT lines and diagnostic and molecularmarkers for resistance

152,400

Directorate of Wheat Research India(DWR)

Improving productivity of WHEAT through enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency

119,000

Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute

Enhanced quality and healthy seed testing system for international winter wheat improvement program ( IWWIP)

169,650

WYC Int'l Planning Workshop -Heat and Drought

Type international planning workshop for SI6 (Heat and Drought)

150,000

Wheat For Food Security in Africa Conference 2012

Fund sponsored scientists and other event costs

300,000

Lancaster Adapt lab based plant growth regulator (PGR) assays to high throughput field applications in screening germplasm

300,000



CSIRO phenotypic selection for leaf photosyn capacity & efficiency

50,000

Rothamsted, Univ Essex Optimize RuBP regeneration by transforming wheat with SBPase

75,000

Rothamsted,USDA,Arizona Improving the thermal stability of Rubisco through transformation

75,000

Lancaster

Improving spike fertility through modifying its sensitivity to environmental cues

50,000

ADAS, Nottingham Univ Identifying traits and developing genetic sources for lodging resistance

100,000

WHEAT Launch Conference, Jan 2012

WHEAT launch conference

197,400

2 external consultants Genomic Selection and Modelling & Marker provider

60,000



Endnotes

i Two thirds, if Russia and Ukraine are included.

ii Includes Russia and Ukraine.

iii See Indicators 33 & 34 for further reference.

iv The WYC/WYN (Wheat Yield Network) is an integral part of WHEAT, to be funded like a large bilateral project. It represents the major

project mass under Theme 7 (Breaking the Yield Barrier).

v For example, outputs from Strategic Initiatives 4-6: Improved varieties with greater tolerance / resistance, best heat & drought-

adaptive germplasm identified from ~100.000 genetic resources of spring wheat; o greater improved seed availability in Ethiopia, which

could generate a positive economic impact of about $10.3mn.

vi Based on a project reporting completion rate of 93%, e.g. some project reports remain outstanding.

vii Common Consortium approach to accounting for gender-related R4D within CRPs is lacking.

viii A small CRP Management Team (5 FTE’s), sharing resources between MAIZE and WHEAT, is fully operational since Sept 2012

with further support from the Lead Center.

ix Impact of wheat in Morocco: Surveying delayed into 2013.

x In the last 20 years, wheat area up from 0.7 to 1.9 M ha, yield up from 1.2 to 1.8 t/ha and production up three fold from 0.9 to 2.9 Mt,

according to FAOSTAT.

xi Estimate using FAO& AfDB figures: 39.6MMT, wheat price $316/T & transport costs ca. $200/T. Nigeria imported 3 million tons at

US$3 billion, implying a cost of $1000$/t, according to official Nigerian statistics.

xii CIMMYT estimate, including transport/logistics &gross value amounts to 3.6 billion US$.

xiii The Potential for Wheat Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: Analysis of Biophysical Suitability and Economic Profitability, Negassa et.

al., September 2012 (working paper)

xiv See also: http://conferences.cimmyt.org/index.php/en/wheat-for-food-security-in-africa & http://wheat.org/wheat-in-africa/wheat-a-

strategic-crop-for-africa

xv The official distributor in Mexico sold 86 portable GreenSeekers in the country in 2012.

xvi For more info see: http://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/programmes/magri/programme-overview,

https://mobiledevelopmentintelligence.com/products?sector=Mobile+Agriculture#table

xvii Further, they published two manuals on physiological breeding (“Interdisciplinary approaches to improve crop adaptation” and “A

field guide to wheat phenotyping”) and a review article in Plant, Cell & Environment (“Achieving yield gains in wheat”).

xviii See: http://www.cimmyt.org/en/where-we-work/global-activities/seeds-of-discovery; http://masagro.mx/index.php/en/

xix In wheat/rye translocation bread wheat materials and in Aegilops taushii.

xx For further ICARDA-led research, see: http://www.icarda.org/search/node/wheat

xxi See Indicator 27; including 9 ICARDA lines, released as new varieties by Algerian, Ethiopian and Lebanese NARS in 2012.

xxii Quoted by Reuters, Aug 2012: http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/08/31/environment-wheat-idINL6E8JUAIQ20120831

xxiii Expert’s estimate – awaiting further verification

xxiv A 60% subsidy of the purchase price, per farmer. Currently, 4 manufacturers build the seeder.

xxv https://sites.google.com/site/csisaportal/Home

xxvi Internal document: “You can’t eat potential: How to use a Research Management Framework to enhance and realize the potential

of research and innovation in MAIZE, WHEAT, and CIMMYT”.

xxvii Approval for “1st year of Gender Strategy implementation” received 7th March 2013.

xxviii Concrete measures for achieving greater and better women participation in training courses will be determined as part of the

WHEAT Gender Audit recommendations.

xxix International Wheat Improvement Network (IWIN).

http://conferences.cimmyt.org/index.php/en/wheat-for-food-security-in-africa

http://wheat.org/wheat-in-africa/wheat-a-strategic-crop-for-africa

http://wheat.org/wheat-in-africa/wheat-a-strategic-crop-for-africa

http://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/programmes/magri/programme-overview

https://mobiledevelopmentintelligence.com/products?sector=Mobile+Agriculture#table

http://www.cimmyt.org/en/where-we-work/global-activities/seeds-of-discovery

http://masagro.mx/index.php/en/

http://www.icarda.org/search/node/wheat

http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/08/31/environment-wheat-idINL6E8JUAIQ20120831

Documents

Annual progress report 2012: CGIAR Research - CGIAR Library