ANNUAL REPORT - Indian Academy of Sciences · including several from USA and UK. The four-day programme included 22 presentations in sessions that dealt with flow control, flow diagnostics

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A C A D E M Y O F S C I E N C E S B A N G A L O R E A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8 I N D I A N A C A D E M Y

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I N D I A N A C A D E M Y O F S C I E N C E SB A N G A L O R E

Address

Indian Academy of SciencesC.V. Raman AvenuePost Box No. 8005Sadashivanagar P.O.Bangalore 560 080

Telephone 80-2361 2546, 80-2361 4592,(EPABX) 80-2361 2943, 80-2361 1034

Fax 91-80-2361 6094

Email [email protected]

Website www.ias.ac.in

Contents

1. Introduction 5

2. Council 6

3. Fellowship 6

4. Associates 10

5. Publications 10

6. Academy Discussion Meetings 18

7. Academy Public Lectures 22

8. Raman Chair 24

9. Mid-Year Meeting 2007 24

10. Annual Meeting 2007 – Thiruvananthapuram 26

11. Science Education Programme 28

12. Finances 44

13. Acknowledgements 44

14. Tables 45

15. Annexures 47

16. Statement of Accounts 55

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1 Introduction

The Academy was founded in 1934 by Sir C.V.Raman with the main objective of promotingthe progress and upholding the cause of science(both pure and applied). It was registered as aSociety under the Societies Registration Act on24 April 1934.

The Academy commenced functioning with 65Fellows and the formal inauguration took placeon 31 July 1934 at the Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore. On the afternoon of that day its firstgeneral meeting of Fellows was held where SirC.V. Raman was elected its President and thedraft constitution of the Academy was approvedand adopted. The first issue of the AcademyProceedings was published in July 1934.

The present report covering the period fromApril 2007 to March 2008 represents theseventy-fourth year of the Academy.


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Fellows

1. Anil Kumar 2. Apte, Shree Kumar 3. Bhalla, Upinder Singh 4. Chandy, Mammen 5. Chattopadhyay, Joydev 6. Chaudhuri, Arabinda 7. Das, Puspendu Kumar 8. Dey, Gautam Kumar 9. Goswami, Ravinder10. Gupta, Anil Kumar11. Gupta, Yashwant12. Karanth, K Ullas13. Kesavan, Srinivasan14. Krishnakumar, E15. Krishna Kumar, K16. Kundu, Tapas K17. Manna, Indranil18. Nangia, Ashwini19. Panda, Dulal20. Pandit, Aniruddha B21. Parnaik, Veena K22. Roy, Sujit23. Sarkar, Utpal24. Sharma, Surinder Mohan25. Sharma, Yogendra26. Siddiqi, Imran27. Singh, Mewa28. Somasundaram, Kumaravel29. Srianand, Raghunathan30. Suresh, Venapally31. Thomas, K George32. Tyagi, Jaya S33. Vijayamohanan, K34. Waghmare, Umesh Vasudeo

Honorary Fellows

1. Chakravarti, Aravinda2. Jansen, Martin

2 Council

There were two statutory meetings of theCouncil on 14 July and 1–2 December 2007.

3 Fellowship

3.1 2008 ELECTIONSA total of 348 nominations received forfellowship in different disciplines wereconsidered by the eight Sectional Committeesand subsequently by the Council. Followingpostal balloting, thirty-four new Fellows wereelected, the fellowship being effective from1 January 2008. A list of their names followswhile Annexure 1 gives their particulars. Alsoelected were two new Honorary Fellows.

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3.3 STRENGTH OF THE FELLOWSHIP

Fellows Honorary Fellows

1 April 2007 891 50Elected (Dec. 2007) 34 2Deceased (2007 – 2008) 15 1

1 April 2008 910 51

7. Mitra, AP8. Narasimhan, Rangaswamy9. Ramakrishnan, T10. Sethi, PK11. Sharma, Archana12. Thomas, Joseph13. Varadachari, VVR14. Varadarajan, MG15. Yadava, SL

Honorary Fellow

Benzer, Seymour

3.2 IN MEMORIAMThe Academy regrets to report the death of thefollowing 15 Fellows and an Honorary Fellowduring the period up to March 2008. Annexure 2gives additional information about them.

Fellows

1. Abhyankar, KD2. Anand, BK3. Chandy, Jacob4. Chauhan, BS5. Guha-Mukherjee, Sipra6. Maitra, PK


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3.4a FELLOWSHIP ANALYSISThe charts below show (a) the average age of Fellows at election for the last 10 years, (b) thesubject-wise break-up of the average age at election and (c) the subject-wise break-up of Fellowsbelow 50 years in the current Fellowship.

(c) Fellows below50 years – 82(Total – 907)

(b) Subject-wiseaverage age atelection 1999 – 2007

(a) Average age ofFellows at election1999 – 2007

Aver

age

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Year

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(a) Totalnominationsconsideredduring1999 – 2008

(b) Average ageof nomineessubject-wisevalid for 2008(Total – 349)

3.4b NOMINATION ANALYSISThe charts below show (a) the total number of nominations considered during 1999 – 2008 and(b) the average age of nominees valid for 2008.

No.

of N

omin

atio

ns

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

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Year

399

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354347 347 348 349

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5 Publications

5.1 JOURNALSThe following 11 journals continue to appear ontheir scheduled dates of publication.

1. Bulletin of Materials Science

2. Current Science

3. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy

4. Journal of Biosciences

5. Journal of Chemical Sciences (formerlyProceedings Chemical Sciences)

6. Journal of Earth System Science (formerlyProceedings Earth and Planetary Sciences)

7. Journal of Genetics

8. Pramana – Journal of Physics

9. Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences

10. Resonance – Journal of Science Education

11. Sadhana – Engineering Sciences

The number of pages published with journal-wise information, number of papers submittedfor publication and circulation figures of journalsfor the calendar year 2007 are given in Tables1–3 respectively.

5.2 SPECIAL ISSUES OF JOURNALSMany special issues of topical importance werepublished as part of the regular numbers ofsome of the journals. A description of thesefollows:

4 Associates

Fifty-nine nominations were received and thefollowing 12 were selected as Associates in 2007(see also Annexure 3).

1. Anandavardhanan, UK 2. Ghosh, Anil K 3. Jain, Mukesh 4. Kavitha, Telikepalli 5. Mukherjee, Partha Sarathi 6. Mukhopadhyay, Banibrata 7. Mukhopadhyay, Pritam 8. Senthil Kumar, P 9. Subramanian, Ganesh10. Suresh Babu, SN11. Thanikaivelan, P12. Tripathi, Vikram

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appropriate. The meeting was organized in thepleasant environs of Orange County, Coorg, inFebruary 2006. There were 27 participantsincluding several from USA and UK. The four-day programme included 22 presentations insessions that dealt with flow control, flowdiagnostics and flow instability. Of these, thetexts of 13 papers were published in this issue.The subject of the papers divides broadly intothree areas: diagnostics, stability and control.The papers on stability are sandwiched betweenthose in the other two areas, because anunderstanding of instabilities in the flow soughtto be controlled has implications for bothdiagnostics and control.

Fluorescence spectroscopy

Guest Editor: N PeriasamyJournal of Chemical Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 2,March 2007, pp. 53–215

Fluorescence is now so widely used in chemistry,biology and materials research that it wasdecided to bring out a special issue on‘fluorescence spectroscopy and its applications’.

There are just three properties that we measurein fluorescence: intensity, spectrum, andpolarization. Information obtained from theseabout the fluorescent molecules in a sample isstraightforward, namely, concentration, identityof the emitting molecule and its spatialorientation. Fluorescence is highly sensitive tothe immediate environment of the molecule,which makes it extremely useful in numerousapplications in chemistry and biology, especiallythe latter. The time-dependence of these threefluorescence properties, when excited by anultra-short light pulse, adds a new dimension tothe understanding of the chemical kinetics andmolecular dynamics of the excited molecule.This special issue contains eighteen articles

Flow Control and Diagnostics

Guest Editors: R Narasimha, T S Prahlad andSajeer AhmedSadhana, Vol. 32, Nos 1 & 2, February and April2007, pp. 1–154

Flow control and diagnostics have always been ofgreat importance in fluid-dynamical technology,but in recent decades they have becomeparticularly active and exciting areas ofresearch. In September 1998, IUTAM sponsoredan international symposium on flow control atGöttingen. Since then the great surge ofinterest has continued, for several good reasons.The first is the potential for control of turbulentflows revealed by the discovery of coherentstructures in what generally had earlier beenconsidered as motion with complete disorder. Asecond reason is the related development of thetheory of nonlinear dynamical systems. Suchsystems are sensitive to small changes in initialconditions, and therefore necessarily also tosmall control signals if applied at the right timeand place. Third, great advances have recentlybeen made in the technology of sensors,actuators, computers and related systems,making it feasible to consider small activecontrol systems with a performance surpassingthose that had earlier been available. Progress inMEMS and in nanotechnologies is unveilingever newer possibilities. There is thus muchinteresting research being done in passive,active and hybrid methods of control; newexperiments, computations and advances in thetheory of control of continuous systems have allcontributed to the excitement. And of coursethe potential benefits of turbulencemanagement, to reduce or enhance drag, lift,heat transfer, mixing, etc. as the applicationrequires, are huge.

An Academy discussion meeting to considerthese recent advances therefore seemed most


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biotechnological and clinical applications. At amore fundamental level of biology, it is clearthat environmental stress factors have played akey role in shaping organic evolution. However,research on the molecular biology of stressresponses has often remained separated fromthat on the role of environmental (stress) factorsin evolution and development. It is obvious thatan integration of these diverse domains isessential for a comprehensive understanding ofthe biology of living organisms as well as forimprovements in practical applications of ourunderstanding of the stress responses. Aninternational meeting was held at the BanarasHindu University, Varanasi in October 2006 toprovide an integrated perspective forunderstanding the roles of stress proteins andstress responses in cell. The twenty papers inthis issue are based on presentations at themeeting. The articles provide succinct surveys oftheir chosen fields and should be of immensebenefit not only to specialists but to thosegenerally interested in the broad area of stressbiology.

Raychaudhuri equation at thecrossroads

Guest Editors:Naresh Dadhich,Pankaj Joshi andProbir RoyPramana, Vol. 69, No.1, July 2007, pp. 1–158

In 1953 somethingextraordinaryhappened at the

Indian Association for the Cultivation of Sciencein Calcutta. Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (AKR),twenty-seven years of age and employedungainfully as a scientific assistant at the

dealing with many different aspects offluorescence spectroscopy and applications inchemistry, which should be useful to bothchemists and spectroscopists.

Environmental factors, cellularstress and evolution

Guest Editor:Subhash C LakhotiaJournal of Biosciences,Vol. 32, No. 3. April2007, pp. 429–628

For its survival andcontinuity, anorganism has to be‘in tune’ with itsinternal as well as

external environment, neither of which is everstatic. Consequently, the organism and itsconstituent cells incessantly adjust theirphysiological milieu to remain in harmony withthe dynamic environment. The adjustmentsinvolve long-term evolutionary adaptations aswell as short-term responses to sudden changes.The sudden changes in environment are stressfulto cells and since the nature of changesexperienced by organisms are enormouslyvaried, one may expect cellular responses to beequally varied. Surprisingly, however, workcarried out during 1960s and 1970s revealed thatthe core response of individual cells to a varietyof biotic and abiotic environmental stresses isremarkably conserved. For historical reasons,this cellular response has come to be known asheat shock response.

Intensive studies of genes and proteins inducedby cellular stresses have provided deep insightsnot only into some of the basic cellular processeslike protein folding, gene regulation, cellularhomeostasis and so on, but have also stimulated

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under shearing effects of gravitational fields androtate under the influence of the energy densityand matter fields present. The scope of theRaychaudhuri equation is very wide since it is ageometric statement on the evolution of paths ina general (not necessarily spacetime) manifold.For gravitational dynamics, it encompasses allspacetime singularities from the cosmologicalbig bang to black holes and naked singularitiesthat could arise in astrophysics from collapsingstars.

More than fifty years have passed since thispowerful equation was written down. In thisintervening half-century, it has influenceddifferent types of research, not only in classicalGR as well as in still incomplete theories ofquantum gravity, but also in string theory andeven in hydrodynamics. There is everylikelihood that research involving theRaychaudhuri equation will take new directionsin future. Just to illustrate this point, let usmention that in the currently fashionable LoopQuantum Cosmology, this equation is needed ina new avatar in the possible avoidance of thecosmological big bang singularity. Standing at thecrossroads, it is an appropriate juncture to viewthis equation in perspective. To this end, essayswere invited from several experts, working indifferent areas, whose current research not onlyderives inspiration from this equation, but in factmakes use of it in some way or the other. It wasfelt that, as a celebration of the golden jubilee ofthe birth of this amazing equation, publication ofsuch a volume would be the best tribute that wecan offer to the memory of its deceased creator.This special volume contains 12 articles on thistopic including an article reminiscing AKR.

Experimental X-ray Section, made a startlingtheoretical discovery in General Relativity(GR). Without assuming any symmetryconstraint on the underlying spacetime, hederived an equation which showed theunavoidable occurrence of spacetimesingularities in GR under quite generalconditions. Nearly a decade later, by globaltopological arguments utilizing the causalstructure of spacetime and Einstein’s equations,this result was given a complete mathematicalgeneralization and proved rigorously in terms ofa set of precisely enunciated theorems, nowvery well-known as singularity theorems, byHawking, Penrose and Geroch. The equation ofRaychaudhuri was the critical starting point forthese theorems which held under more generalconditions of which Raychaudhuri’s conditionswere a subset. Its import and significance wereimmediately recognized as was evident from thefact that Charles Misner could obtain a grantfrom NSF for an year’s visit of AKR to theUniversity of Maryland in 1964.

The Raychaudhuri equation has three aspectswhich are logically sequential. First andforemost, it is a geometric statement on thecongruence of non-spacelike paths, includinggeodesics, in an arbitrary spacetime manifold.Second, on introducing the Principle ofEquivalence, it becomes a statement on thecongruence of the trajectories of materialparticles and photons in an arbitrarygravitational field. Finally, the use of Einstein’sequations and of the energy conditions leads tothe result that in a generally nonflat spacetimemanifold there exist trajectories which arenecessarily incomplete in the sense that they andtheir neighbouring trajectories inevitably focusinto singularities at finite comoving times. Theequation describes how trajectories behaveduring the course of their dynamical evolution,i.e. how they expand, reconverge, get distorted


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molecular species or a large ensemble as in cellsand tissues. This special issue entitledBioinformatics: From molecules to systems is based onpresentations made at the InternationalConference on Bioinformatics for 2006 (INCOB2006), held in New Delhi in December 2006, anannual conference sponsored by the Asia PacificBioinformatics Network (APBIONET). Thearticles reflecting the diversity in the fieldrange from analysing molecular interactions atthe atomic level to systems-level simulations.The major areas covered are DNA regulatorysite characterization, protein structure analysisand predictions, analysis of metabolic pathways,gene networks and microarray data analysis.

Transportation research – Safetyand sustainability

Guest Editor: Dinesh MohanSadhana, Vol. 32, No. 4, August. 2007,pp. 279–478

Most large cities in the world are alreadylocated in low and middle income countries andmany more cities in these countries areexpected to have populations of ten million ormore in the next few decades. All these citiesare faced with serious problems of inadequatemobility and access, vehicular pollution, roadtraffic accidents and crime on their streets. Theincreasing use of cars and motorized two-wheelers adds to these problems and this trenddoes not seem to abate anywhere. However,recent reports suggest that improvements inpublic transport and promotion of non-motorized modes of transport can helpsubstantially in alleviating some of theseproblems. Current evidence shows no success inreducing the use of personal motorizedtransport for long distance trips anywhere in theworld and for urban trips in most locations. Mostefforts to reduce environmental pollution due to

Bioinformatics

Guest Editor: AlokBhattacharyaJournal of Biosciences,Vol. 32, No. 5,August 2007, pp.807–1030

Bioinformatics is nota new discipline. Ithas been in vogue forhundred years, ever

since the analysis of biological processes usingmathematical or quantitative techniques wasinitiated. Computational models were developedin many areas, particularly in ecology,enzymology and metabolism, with reasonablesuccess. Attempts could not be made to simulateactual real world systems due to a lack ofcomputing power. In the last three decades wehave witnessed an explosion in our ability togenerate data in the area of nucleotidesequences and protein structure, simultaneousgene expression data for thousands of genes,protein–protein interaction data and so on.Fortunately, the computing power required toanalyse such information has also kept pace.

Recently, bioinformatics has emerged as adiscipline in which the emphasis is given tocurate, store and analyse large volumes of data.However, in order to comprehend biologicalprocesses and reactions, it is necessary to carryout large scale modelling and simulation.Attempts were made to develop computationalframeworks to simulate large systems such as acell; and rudimentary simplified cells or organswere modelled with some success. But itbecame obvious that methods were still notavailable to model all the complexities that existeven in simple bacterial cells. Bioinformaticstoday is the application of computationalmethods to understand the behaviour of a single

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Theoretical chemistry symposium

Guest Editors: Sourav Pal and P VenuvanalingamJournal of Chemical Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 5,September 2007, pp. 325–580

Theoretical chemistry is experiencing rapidgrowth in recent years and has becomemultifaceted. Development of newermethodologies and novel applications inmaterials, life sciences and other areas hascontributed to this enormous growth.

This special issue contains 29 original paperspresented at the Theoretical ChemistrySymposium (TCS 2006) held at theBharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli inDecember 2006. The papers cover severalimportant areas such as theoretical andcomputational methodologies, density functionaland wave function-based quantum chemistry,statistical mechanics and its applications, classicaland quantum simulation of complex systems,electronic structure and spectroscopy ofmolecules and clusters, chemical dynamics,reactivity and catalysis, chemistry at surfacesand interfaces, nonlinear phenomena anddynamics, molecular materials and nano-systems, soft condensed matter, biology-inspiredtheoretical chemistry, equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes in condensed phase,chemo and bioinformatics, and modelling.

road transport, therefore, focus on the control ofexhaust emissions. This has produced somesuccesses in reducing CO, SO2 and NOx, in a fewlocations, but not CO2 anywhere. As long as weuse fossil fuels for combustion this nproblem isunlikely to be resolved unless we shift modalshares towards non-motorized and publictransport.

Most cities in the world are not successful indoing this. Even worse, transportation issues areso complex that there is little agreementinternationally on what policies will help reducevehicle-dependent travel without sacrificingsocial welfare. This volume of Sadhana contains aset of eleven articles that postulate the problemand illustrate the complexity of analysis andexpertise necessary to deal with sustainabletransport issues. They deal with health hazardsof road transport traffic planning, the question ofsubsidy for quality transport, and traffic safety.

Sustainable transport concerns involve manymore technical and scientific issues than includedin this volume. However, they inform us thattransportation policies that may result inreducing the adverse health impacts of roadtransport will require sophisticatedinterdisciplinary research efforts, and a greatdeal of cross-disciplinary communication. Atpresent there are no educational or researchinstitutions in India or other low and middleincome countries that have given adequateimportance to developing this expertise. Theexpertise that exists works mostly on individualinitiative without enabling institutionalframeworks and funding mechanisms. Thisvolume aims at demonstrating that such workcan only be done in an interdisciplinary set-upinvolving a high level of scientific expertise andthat policy decisions are required at the highestlevel in each country.


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concepts, as well as a large number of talkspresented at parallel sessions. A large number ofcontributions related to detectors and themachine design interface and , e option aresome of the special features of this volume.

Chemical Research Society of India(CRSI) Tenth Anniversary

Guest Editors: S Chandrasekaran and V KrishnanJournal of Chemical Sciences, Vol. 120, No.1,January 2008, pp. 1–222

The Chemical Research Society of India (CRSI)established in 1999 completed its tenth year. TheTenth National Symposium was held inBangalore in February 2008 to commemoratethis event. The society provides a forum forchemists to discuss and share their researchcontributions with colleagues and foster thegrowth of chemical research and education.

This symposium has many integral components:mini-symposia on focused themes(nanomaterials, theoretical chemistry,conducting polymers, catalysis, weakinteractions in chemistry, chemical educationand others), joint CRSI-RSC symposia for youngscientists of India and UK, medal lectures,lectures named after distinguished scientists andothers.

The special issue brought out to mark thesuccessful completion of a decade of CRSIshowcases the excellent research contributionsof a representative group of members of thechemistry community in the country.

Linear collider workshopsymposium 2006 (LCWS 06)

Guest Editors:Rohini M Godboleand Atul Gurtu

Pramana, Vol. 69, Nos5 and 6, Novemberand December 2007,pp. 693–1225

The firstInternational LinearCollider Workshopwas held in

Bangalore in March 2006 under the aegis ofWorldwide Study for Future Linear Colliders.These conferences have been the maininternational fora for developing the physics caseand reviewing detector designs and techniquesfor an electron-positron linear collider. Historyhas taught us that electron and hadronaccelerators are complementary in theexploration of new physics frontiers. The highenergy physics community in the world hasreached an accord that a linear collideroperating at 0.5–1.0 TeV would provide bothunique and essential scientific opportunities; ithas endorsed with highest priority theconstruction of such a machine. A majormilestone towards this goal was the approval, bythe International Committee on FutureAccelerators, of the recommendation of theInternational Technology Recommendation Panelfor the cold technology of the futureInternational Linear Collider. LCWS 06 was thefirst International Linear Collider Workshopafter the choice of this technology wasannounced.

This volume, containing the proceedings of theWorkshop in two issues of Pramana includes someof the plenary talks such as the overview of thephysics and experiments at the ILC, the detector

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between these varied areas and indicated futuredirections of research likely to emerge. Thetwenty papers in these proceedings, consisting ofinvited and contributed papers, represent thesediscussions.

5.3 DISTRIBUTION OF JOURNALSThe Academy–Springer co-publicationarrangement to market and distribute ourjournals abroad has been in operation sinceJanuary 2007. This arrangement will be forthree years up to December 2009 to start with.A review of this arrangement from dataprovided by Springer for 2007 shows that thevisibility of our journals, particularly downloadsfrom SpringerLink, has improved worldwide.Table 3a gives some figures as provided bySpringer.

Mesoscopic and disorderedmaterials (MESODIS 2006)

Guest Editors: RPrasad and SARamakrishnaPramana, Vol. 70,No.2, February 2008,pp. 191–380

This special issueconsists of some ofthe papers presentedat an International

Workshop on the Physics of Mesoscopic andDisordered Materials (MESODIS–2006) held atIndian Institute of Technology, Kanpur inDecember 2006. The aim of the workshop wasto review recent progress in mesoscopic physicsand disordered materials, and explore emergingdirections in basic physics and technologicalapplications of the materials. The lectures at theworkshop covered a wide variety of topics suchas nanomaterials, mesoscopic physics, disorderedmaterials, superconductivity, computational andsimulation methods, etc. New emerging areassuch as spintronics, new ideas in the study ofnonequilibrium statistical properties ofmesoscopic systems and new materials such asgraphene and photonic metamaterials were alsodiscussed. Novel nanoscale fabrication andcharacterization techniques as well as thetremendous enhancement of computationalpower have made possible accurate comparisonbetween experiments and theory. The enhancedcomputational power has made it possible toinclude electron–electron interaction effects inthe study of disordered materials. Newtheoretical and computational approaches havebeen evolved to study strongly correlatedelectronic systems and there have been greatadvances in the areas of electronic structurecalculations and density functional theory. Thediscussions in the workshop explored connections


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6 Discussion Meetings

Structure and evolution of thelithosphere

Orange County, Coorg19–22 February 2007

Planet earth’s lithosphere is a fragmented jig-saw set of its outer solid boundary layer,consisting of the simpler and larger (~70%)oceanic lithosphere and the more complexcontinental lithosphere. The former essentiallyconstitutes the surface limbs of a convecting cellthat mediate thermal loss from the interioreventually returning to the underlying mantleby gravitational foundering at their junctionswith the lighter continents which they earlierrifted apart, and are nowhere older than 200million years. The continental lithosphere, onthe other hand, has remained buoyant for muchof earth’s history, incorporating in it theproducts and structures created during theirsuccessive processing from the primordialcrustal materials. A knowledge of thelithospheric structure and its evolution isimportant for understanding planetary processesand its ongoing dynamics. Much has been learntin recent years about the lithosphere’s thermaland mechanical state which provides a goodvantage point for exploring some fundamentalaspects of its structure and evolutionaryprocesses.

The meeting was designed to systematicallybrainstorm some of the significant questionswhich can be more definitely examined today.The meeting at Orange County was attended by22 participants from various institutions in Indiaand by Dan McKenzie and Keith Priestley fromCambridge who were responsible for some ofthe most revolutionary ideas we have about thesubject.

The meeting started with talks by KeithPriestley and Dan McKenzie on the use of shearvelocity of seismic waves that travel throughearth’s lithosphere to estimate the temperaturein the earth’s lithosphere. The questionaddressed was that if the shear wave velocity ina region is known, can we use that informationto find the temperature in that region.

Two days were spent in discussing various aspectsof the structure and evolution of the earth’slithosphere. McKenzie and Priestley stressed onthe use of shear velocity waves to look at thestructure, temperature and geometry of thelithosphere. The Canadian shield in NorthAmerica and Eurasian shields were discussed infair detail and it was pointed out that theCanadian shield goes all the way down to Gulf ofMexico on the basis of shear velocityobservations. Some questions that concernedIndian lithosphere included discussions on theDharwar Craton and discussion of the question:Is Tibet presently a shield in the making? Thetalks also pointed to a molten layer in the upperTibetan crust resulting from high concentrationof radioactive isotopes at that level which wasthe source of material involved in upper crustalchannel flow from Tibet into the Himalaya.Keith Priestley discussed the issues related tosurface wave tomography. He covered thefactors affecting the sensitivity and resolution intomography and showed how higher modesprovide good resolution over the upper mantlein surface-wave tomography. He also focussed onusing a physically-based regularization of theinverse problem and emphasized on thepossibility to offset the shortcomings of raytheory by using a dense coverage of relativelyshorter paths. He presented a new upper mantlemodel for the India–Tibet region with highwave-speed mantle lid extending to ~160 kmdepth beneath southern India, ~200 km depthbeneath northern India, and ~250 km depth

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beneath central Tibet. Finally, he proposed thatthe lithosphere below Tibet is fully intact andhas not delaminated; thus, the northern Tibetcrust has not been exposed to the hotasthenospheric mantle.

The other intriguing topic discussed related tomelt generation and its separation from thesource region in the upper silicate region of theearth. Leading the discussion McKenzie pointedout that melt is generated within the earth bythree general mechanisms: (a) decompression ofhot material with little change in entropy, to theextent that it crosses its solidus; (b) byconductive heating at constant pressure, thatleads to an elevation of the temperature so as tointersect the solidus; and (c) by the addition ofvolatiles, that causes the solidus temperatureitself to decrease. By either of thesemechanisms, melt is formed within the lowercrust, or upper mantle. Melting initiates atpoints within the system where melting point isthe lowest – this corresponds to locations wherefour or more crystals of different phases meet.This leads to the development of discrete meltpockets at four (or more) phase junctions withinthe rock. Following melt generation, texturalequilibration occurs between solid phases andmelt. The angle subtended by a melt phase atthe junction of two solid phases is the dihedralangle. If this angle is less than 600, the meltpockets become interconnected and meltextraction becomes possible. Since theaccumulated melt is normally less dense thanthe matrix, it will tend to move upward andconsequently separate from the source.However, the questions related to thissegregation process are: how much melt mustaccumulate before it starts moving, how quicklyis this melt generated and how fast does it moveto the surface (for volcanic rocks).

The last day of the meeting was devoted todiscussions and interactions amongst participants

culminating in the formulation of futureresearch plans to give a boost to researchactivities in this important field with the help ofMcKenzie and Priestley. The proposed work wasdivided into peninsular Indian shield and theextra-peninsular Himalayan regions and involvedcarrying out work in various disciplines such asseismology, geochronology, petrology andgeochemistry.

Mechanisms of pattern formation

Orange County, Coorg6–9 December 2007

Pattern formation is a multidisciplinary area ofenquiry that braces physical, life and engineeringsciences. While a biologist may look atgeneration of complex organizations of cell fatesin space and time, a physicist or an engineer maybe interested in studying the evolution ofpatterns in space and time in flow of fluids,microstructures of materials, snowflakes, orgeological formations.

The goal of the meeting was to connect a groupof experimentalists and theoretical scientistsfrom diverse research fields such as physics,biology, chemical engineering, and mathematics,to discuss the critical issues that confront thedescription of pattern at the systemic level inbiology and identify the core mechanisms thatdirect patterning in functional multi-cellularstructures. All 24 participants (largely nationaland few international) working on patternformation came together to find out thecommonalities and differences among thesystems and methods.

The emergence of understanding about thesimilarity in fundamental mechanisms of thepattern formation in biological, chemical andphysical systems makes the study of patternformation a truly interdisciplinary science.


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Phenotypic and developmentalplasticity

Estuary Island, Thiruvananthapuram16–20 December 2007

Biologists are increasingly making use ofapproaches based on physics and mathematics tounderstand the organization and functioning ofliving systems. This is especially true withregard to studies that look at group-level traitsin terms of the properties of the interactingunits that make up the group – whether they benetworks of genes within a cell, developmentalmodules in an organism or cooperatingindividuals that form a social group. Since theyare free of the traditional fixation on specificorganisms, these attempts also carry obviousimplications for an evolutionary understanding ofcomplex biological systems. Indeed it isbecoming apparent that such studies, oftenclubbed under the head ‘systems biology’, or‘evolutionary developmental biology’, definethe thrust of what will be truly significant inbasic biological research for the next fewdecades. All this makes it vital for specialists indifferent areas of biology to get togetherperiodically in small groups to exchangeinformation on recent advances made by usingtechniques from other areas, and moreimportantly, theoretical insights that are madeavailable by those advances.

The attempt to understand the basis of variationin traits exhibited by cells, groups of cells andindividual organisms is among the most excitingareas of research in contemporary biology. Untilrecently, the only significant source of variationfor evolution, and by implication for all ofbiology, was genetic variation. Because it wasassumed that non-genetic variation was of norelevance for evolutionary change, this attitudepersisted despite long-standing evidence for theexistence of variation due to environmental

Although pattern specification is geneticallycontrolled in living systems, it is seeminglyclear that non-genetic mechanisms such asstochasticity in gene expression, biophysicalproperties (such as adhesion) and theirheterogeneity, matrix-mediated interactions,and environmental perturbations can be strongdeterminants of the final pattern. Differentconcepts and modelling methodologies fromstatistical physics and nonlinear dynamicalsystems used to describe pattern-formingprocesses have also been applied with fairsuccess on biological systems. This amalgamationpoints towards a fruitful dialogue among diverseresearchers in the field of pattern formation.

In her introductory presentation, Somdatta Sinhahighlighted the ubiquitous presence of spatial,temporal, and spatio-temporal patterns, andtheir functional roles in biological and naturalphysical systems. The programme consisted ofnine overview talks by experimentalists andtheorists reviewing specifics of pattern-formingsystems and experimental and theoreticalmethodologies.

The meeting was a successful attempt to reach amerger between researchers from two differentcultures through extensive discussions by tryingto understand each others’ vocabulary andrestructuring the definitions. Severalparticipants observed that such meetings couldbring about possibilities of collaborative researchand that more such discussion fora are needed.

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causes or different developmental outcomes. Ithas become increasingly obvious that such aviewpoint is no longer tenable. Indeed, what isreferred to as the plasticity of the phenotypenow occupies centrestage with regard to a largenumber of major issues in biology. In cellular andbehavioural biology, these issues include: theability of stochastic gene expression, and thestructure of the dynamical systems by whichgenes and their products interact, to lead tomore than one stable outcome in terms ofcellular states; the possibility that such outcomescan be complementary to each other; and thefurther possibility that this can de-linkcooperative group behaviour from arequirement for shared genes. In developmentalbiology, phenotypic plasticity has been invokedas the central concept necessary for anunderstanding of the evolution of patternformation. In order to discuss these themes adiscussion meeting on ‘Phenotypic andDevelopmental Plasticity’ was organized.

There were 24 formal presentations and 10posters. The 44 participants including 8 studentswere from different countries with variedbackgrounds enlivening the proceedings. Thenumber of persons making formal presentationswas relatively small; to provide for extensivediscussion time they covered a wide range oftopics within the broad theme of phenotypic anddevelopmental plasticity.

Harmonic analysis and operatortheory

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore28 December 2007 – 1 January 2008

The meeting held at Bangalore was attended by100 participants from India and abroad. G. Pisierdelivered a series of lectures on Operatorsspaces, Grothendieck’s theorem and non-commutative spaces. These talks started withthe description of the original Grothendieck’stheorem, its connection to isometricembeddings of Hilbert space into L spaces viaGaussian random variables and the subsequentC* algebra versions proved by Haagerup andPisier. Recent interesting results due to Kashinand Szarek were also discussed. Pisier’s lecturesended with a discussion on very recent work byHaagerup and Musat related to these topics.There were also several invited talks covering avariety of topics in harmonic analysis andoperator theory. The participants also discussedon possible new collaborations and reviving theold ones.

Non-commutative geometry andoperator algebras

Orange County, Coorg25 February – 1 March 2008

This meeting was aimed at discussing recentdevelopments and problems of current interestin the field. Basics of operator algebra theorywas assumed and therefore this meeting washeld at an advanced level. It was attended bytwenty participants including two from France,one from UK and six doctoral students. Therewere only two lectures every day so as to devotemore time for discussions.


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7 AcademyPublic Lectures

The orphan tsunami of 1700 — Atransoceanic detective story

Brian Atwater

University ofWashington, Seattle,USA3 October 2007,Indian Institute ofScience, Bangalore

Brian Atwater is known for uncoveringearthquake and tsunami hazards at the Cascadiasubduction zone, which extends 1100 km alongthe Pacific Coast of North America. As part ofthis year’s IRIS/SSA distinguished lectureseries, Atwater traced the geologic detectivestory of the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, whichattained magnitude 9 as judged from Japaneseaccounts of the associated tsunami. He alsopresented new geologic findings about tsunamihazards on Indian Ocean shores.

To the fifth dimension and back

Raman Sundrum

Johns HopkinsUniversity,Baltimore,Maryland, USA18 December 2007,Indian Institute of

Science, Bangalore

Physicists studying the microscopic laws ofNature have been drawn to the idea that thereare extra dimensions of spacetime, hidden fromeveryday experience (and intuition) by theirextremely small size. In recent times, theories

The subject of Operator Algebras began withthe pioneering work of von Neumann andMurray in a series of papers in the 1930s. Therehas since been a large body of research in thisarea, often driven by mathematical physicists.Along with Gelfand and others, it was notedearly that operator algebras can be considered asnon-commutative analogues of the algebra offunctions on a set/space. This basic idea led tofar-reaching generalization of classical concepts/results, creating non-commutative or quantumversions of various fields of mathematics. WhileC* algebras can be thought of as non-commutative topological spaces, von Neumannalgebras can be regarded as non-commutativemeasure space. With this in mind, along withsome possible applications in physics, AlainConnes created non-commutative geometry. Itis a young, but active field with notablecontributions from a small Indian group.Similarly, over the last 25 years, there havebeen major developments in non-commutativeprobability, many of it from India. This meetingdiscussed recent developments in operatoralgebras, with emphasis on non-commutativegeometry.

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Photonic band gap materials:Engineering light-matter

interactions

Sajeev John

University ofToronto, Ontario,Canada3 January 2008,Indian Institute of

Science, Bangalore

Photonic band gap materials are microstructuredmaterials that ‘cage’ or trap light, controllinglight in a manner more versatile than howelectronic microchips process electrical signals.These ‘semiconductors of light’ mould the flowof light through a spectral range called ‘photonicband gap’ (PBG) in which the usual interactionsof light with atoms (quantum dots) or otherelementary excitations can be partially orcompletely suspended, but restored wheredesired. PBG materials have applications inoptical communications, provide the world’ssmallest lasers, and offer hollow-core fibres forlife-saving laser surgery. They are also aplatform for advances in basic science. Thespeaker presented an overview of history of thissubject, described the underlying physics, andpointed out some new directions in thisburgeoning field.

of higher-dimensional spacetime have beenproposed that can elegantly explain somecurrent mysteries of the Standard Model offundamental physics. Particle colliderexperiments now approach the power andresolution to be able to put some of these ideasto the test. This talk explained how to thinkabout higher dimensions without highermathematics, and reviewed how they fit withthe twin pillars of modern physics — quantummechanics and relativity. What an experimentaldiscovery of an extra dimension in the nearfuture would look like, and what it would meanwere also explained.

A dialogue on science andmathematics in India

K R Sreenivasan

The Abdus SalamInternational Centrefor TheoreticalPhysics, Trieste,Italy28 December 2007,

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

There has been much discussion on the state ofscience in India. The speaker presented aperspective even as he realized the difficulties inadding new substance to the debate. Hisperception was shaped by three factors: personalinterest in the subject, a broad understanding ofthe state of science in other parts of the world,and numerous discussions with Indian scientistsvisiting ICTP. These visitors are both seasonedand novice, and come from premier researchinstitutions as well as universities in remoteparts of the country. The speaker hoped thatsome new elements will emerge from thedialogue.


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8 Raman Chair

Sajeev John, the Academy’s twenty-fourthRaman Professor, visited India for about 3 weekseach in October and December 2007 to take upthe Chair.

Sajeev John is an outstanding theorist knowninternationally for his work on the physics ofoptical band gap materials and photonics,nonlinear optics and localization of light inrandom media in addition to his work oncondensed matter. He is recognizedinternationally for his research contributions andwas awarded the Brockhouse Canada Prize 2004;the Rutherford Medal of the Royal Society 2004and the Ontario Premier’s Platinum Medal2002. He is also a Fellow of Canadian RoyalSociety, American Physical Society and OpticalSociety of America.

Sajeev John delivered an Academy public lectureon ‘Photonic band gap materials: Engineeringlight-matter interactions’ on 3 January 2008.

Sajeev John visited several institutions in thecountry and delivered a number of lectures. Healso had interactions with colleagues at theRaman Research Institute, the Indian Institute ofScience, Bangalore, the Institute forMathematical Sciences, Chennai, the CochinUniversity of Science and Technology, and theJawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi. HisKochi visit resulted in a continuing discussion ofa possible new funded Canada–India collaboration.

9 Mid-Year Meeting 2007

The eighteenth Mid-Year Meeting of theAcademy was held on 13–14 July 2007, at theIndian Institute of Science, Bangalore. Twohundred Fellows (90 from Bangalore), 5Associates, 30 teacher invitees (4 local) andmany local students and the general publicattended the meeting.

On Thursday July 12 the day prior to the mainmeeting, two special activities were organizedby the Science Education Panel for the benefit ofthe invited teachers – a pre-lunch symposiumcomprising three talks on selected topics incurrent life science research; and a post-lunchdiscussion session led by S C Lakhotia on theneed and problems of science curricular reformsat college and university levels. In the evening afull meeting of the Academy’s Science EducationPanel, with representatives from INSA andNASI, was held. Academy President DBalasubramanian was also present.

The openingspecial lecture byG Sundararajan on‘The indentationof materials toprobe theirmechanicalbehaviour’ was anobject lesson in

Meeting with invited teachers

Indian Institute of Science

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S C Lakhotia

D Balasubramanian and N Mukunda at the SciencePanel Meeting

E D Jemmis

G Madhavan Nair

G Sundararajan

perspectives and Indian initiatives’ was asplendid survey of ISRO’s efforts andaccomplishments over about four decades. Thecontributions in the areas of communication,meteorology, disaster warning, remote sensingand resource surveys,are remarkable andpraiseworthy. They arethe fruition of VikramSarabhai’s vision of thecrucial inputs fromspace science to India’seconomic and socialdevelopment in a widevariety of areas. In the process, both self-reliance and self-confidence have been achieved.

Nair then outlined some avenues ofwork for the future – building cost-effective space infrastructure,planetary exploration projectsincluding the Chandrayan – 1mission, and some forays into theouter solar system. He also briefly

mentioned ISRO’s recent effort to set up atraining establishment for young persons neededfor ISRO’s programmes in the coming years.

The lectures by recently elected Fellows andAssociates covered as usual a very widespectrum of subjects. Tomention just a few:Sanjay Jain spoke on self-organization and collapseof complex networks; VBalaji on holonomygroups of bundles onalgebraic varieties;Amitava Raychaudhuri on the Indian NeutrinoObservatory; and Satheesh Chandra Shenoi onthe reasons why Bay of Bengal is warmer thanArabian Sea. The full programme is given inAnnexure 4.

classical physics of materials. It explained howconceptually simple methods indenting material

samples withsuitableindentorsyieldsinformation,valid in certaindomains, onhardness,

plastic flow, stress-strain behaviour, etc. Inextreme conditions pressure-induced phasetransformations and dislocation dynamics arealso accessible to study.

The second special lecture on ‘A structuralchemistry for boron’ was delivered by E DJemmis. This is afield surprisinglystill in the earlysteps ofdevelopmentcompared to carbonchemistry. Thespeaker described the importance of icosahedralB12 as an important building block of elaboratestructures, and significantly observed that ‘Achemistry rivalling carbon is waiting to beexplored and the list of applications of boron issure to increase’. The structural relationshipbetween benzenoid aromatics and graphite iswell known. A similar relationship betweenpolyhedral boranes and elemental boron wasestablished by the speaker. Particularlyimpressive was the large team of students andassociates who over several years have worked

on these problemsunder the speaker’sleadership.

G Madhavan Nair’sPublic Lecture titled‘Challenges in spaceexploration: Global


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M L Munjal

Sulochana Gadgil

and retinal disorders. Work at the LV Prasad EyeInstitute is at the molecular genetic andbiochemical levels, and goes even as far as theuse of adult stem cells to repair damagedcorneas. It was quite moving to see how muchcan be done to relieve such distressingafflictions, how much is being done, and yetremains.

M.L. Munjal’s special lecture on ‘Towardsquieter automobiles’ was in many ways an ‘ear-

opener’. He described the range of thehuman ear – much larger in a sense thanthe eye – and the harmful effects ofexcessive noise. The 1997 EU limits onautomobile noise levels are now in forcein India, and by 2010 the current EUlimits will be enforced. The sources ofautomobile noise, design of mufflers tobring down noise levels, and the counter

intuitive idea that all noise generating machinesshould be located near one another rather thanfar apart, were explained beautifully.

Sulochana Gadgil’s special lecture ‘Foretellingthe monsoon’ gave a historical-cum-technicalaccount of a notoriously difficult subject, oftenthe target of humour. The enormous economicconsequences of the quality of the monsoon arewell known even to lay persons. Paradoxically,while the Indian monsoonis a quite reliable eventin the tropics, swingswithin the normal 10%variations can go fromdrought conditions todisastrous flooding, overand above spatialvariations. Modelling is also extremely difficult,as evident by the absence of predictions of the2002 and 2004 droughts. There are effortscurrently to generate forecasts at the districtlevel. The influences of the El Nino SouthernOscillation over the Pacific and the Equatorial

10 Annual Meeting 2007

Thiruvananthapuram

The seventy-third Annual Meeting of theAcademy was held at Thiruvananthapuram from1– 4 November 2007. It was a return to thislocation after twenty six years, and the hosting

institutions this time were the National Institutefor Interdisciplinary Science and Technology,Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Rajiv GandhiCentre for Biotechnology, Sree Chitra TirunalInstitute for Medical Sciences and Technologyand University of Kerala. About 130 Fellows and41 invited teachers attended the meeting.

In a departure from past practice, the inauguralsession, including introduction of Fellows and thePresident’s address, was held on the evening ofthe opening day. The Presidential address by D.Balasubramanian was titled ‘Approaches tounderstand and treat eye diseases’. He dealtwith both the avoidable kinds of blindness in theIndian population – about nine millions – and

those which have noready solutions – somethree millions. Theformer include cataractcases and uncorrectedrefractive errors, thelatter cover cornealdystrophies, glaucomas

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affected about 13.6million persons mainly inrural areas, and wascaused by the Africangenotype.

The S. RamaseshanMemorial Public Lecturedelivered by Lotika Varadarajan described the‘Seafaring traditions of the Indian West Coast’.This was a fascinating journey in both space andtime, with splendid visual material, highlightingthe different kinds of seagoing vesselscrisscrossing the Arabian Sea, the Persian Gulfand the Red Sea. One could see the greatdifferences as compared to the Eastern Coast,the cultural features and continuity of skills overcenturies.

The meeting included a good number ofpresentations by recently elected Fellows andAssociates, covering a wide variety of subjects:symmetry of solutions of differential equations;prospects of India becoming a leader in wirelesstechnology; lopsided spiral galaxies; the faunalresponse to India’s northward drift and collisionwith Asia; and several others.

As has become normal, the quality ofpresentations and of logistic arrangements wereboth extremely high. An excellent danceprogramme was arranged by the localorganizers. All participants felt this was arewarding and memorable meeting. The fullprogramme is given in Annexure 5.

D Balasubramanian receiving Adoor Gopalakrishnan

Lotika Varadarajan

Indian Ocean Oscillation over the Indian Ocean,and our improved understanding of these globalscale phenomena were brought out in dramaticfashion. There is hope that in the near future wemay see substantial improvement in simulationskills and quality of predictions of our monsoon.

Adoor Gopalakrishnan’s Public Lecture ‘Danceof the Enchantress’ was a brief spoken

introduction to his recent documentary film onthe classical dance form Mohiniattam, followed bya screening of the film. The latter was a visualtreat, the unobtrusive camera capturing in alyrical manner the grace, dignity and elegance ofthe movements of this dance form and itsmusical and rhythmic accompaniments. The lushbackground scenery of the region also made astriking impression.

There were two symposia, one on ‘Spacesciences and applications’ and another on ‘Re-emerging infections in India’. The first onecovered solar system studies, spacetransportation systems, earth viewed fromspace, and the numerous societal contributions ofour thriving space programmes. Thesecond symposium dealt with theChandipura encephalitis, re-emergence ofchikungunya in India, the malaria problem,and the problems of prediction andcontrol of recurring infections. Theearlier cases of chikungunya involved theAsian genotype, mainly in urban areas;the more recent 2005–2006 occurrence


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11 Science EducationProgramme

Besides the publication of the science educationmonthly Resonance four main activities continueto be carried out under this programme towardsattempts to improve the state of scienceeducation and teaching in the country. These are(a) summer fellowships, (b) participation ofteachers in meetings, (c) refresher courses forteachers, (d) lecture workshops for student/teachers.

Both the Indian National Science Academy, NewDelhi and the National Academy of Sciences,India, Allahabad, have joined this Academy sinceApril 2007 in running these programmes. Tworepresentatives each from INSA and NASI arepermanent invitees to the Academy ScienceEducation Panel, and these programmes areplanned in a coordinated manner. The expensesfor all these activities are equally shared by thethree Academies.

11.1 SUMMER FELLOWSHIPSThis has become an important component of thescience education programmes of the Academy.Summer Fellowships are awarded to brightstudents and motivated teachers to work withFellows of the Academy on research-orientedprojects. Started on a relatively small scale in1995, the programme has grown in size both interms of the number of applications receivedand the number of fellowships awarded. Theprogramme conducted by the Academy has anall-India character in that the selected summerfellows work in institutions across the country.During 2007, summer fellowships were offeredto 76 teachers and 318 students from all overthe country and they were guided by Fellows ofany of the three Academies.

11.2 PARTICIPATION OF TEACHERS IN ACADEMY MEETINGSThe Academy has a database of teachers fromcolleges and universities all over the countrybased on recommendations received fromFellows of the Academy. A few of these teachersare invited to the Academy mid-year and annualmeetings every year to give them anopportunity to attend scientific lectures and tomeet and interact with Fellows. About 70teachers attended the Academy meetings inBangalore and Thiruvananthapuram. Over thepast decade, about 750 teachers have attendedAcademy meetings.

11.3 REFRESHER COURSES FOR TEACHERSThis important all-India programme is designedto help motivated teachers improve theirbackground knowledge and teaching skills. Thecourse is normally for two weeks and teachersselected from all over the country undergo arigorous course of lectures, discussions andtutorial sessions. During the last nine yearsrefresher courses on a variety of topics wereorganized throughout the country. The followingrefresher courses were held during the year.

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(a) Topics in mathematics and physics

Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda University,Belur Math, May 14–26, 2007

No. of participants: 32

Course Directors: A Sitaram and Rohini Godbole

Course Coordinator: MJ Mahan (RamakrishnaMission Vivekananda University, Belur Math)

Resource Persons: G Misra and A Sitaram (ISI, Bangalore), KB Athreya (Iowa State University),SC Bagchi and BV Rao (ISI, Kolkata), Sreerup Raychaudhuri (IIT, Kanpur), Rohini Godbole (IISc,Bangalore), Ram Ramaswamy (JNU, New Delhi), J.K. Bhattacharjee (IACS, Kolkata) and DebashisGhoshal (HRI, Allahabad).

Topics covered in mathematics: Fourier series; connections with heat equation and wave equation;mean square convergence of Fourier series; pointwise convergence; Fourier transforms; inversionformula; Plancherel theorem; mathematical versions of the uncertainty principle; multidimensionalFourier transforms; applications to problems of geometric analysis; Laplace transforms; basicproperties and connections with Fourier transforms; introduction to wavelets; probability andconditional probabilities ending with Bose–Einstein statistics; introduction to discrete state; discretetime Markov chains including recurrence/transience/limiting behaviour; Ehrenfest chain (of heatdiffusion) and simple symmetric random walks in 1/2/3 dimensions; Brownian motion; existence/simple path properties without proofs; explanation as a Markov process/relation to the Laplacian.

Topics covered in physics: 1) Application of Fourier series and transforms in: (a) quantum mechanicsand field theory: wave packets, momentum space representation; phase space; canonical quantizationof fields; (b) optics: diffraction theory; coherence; holography; (c) electrodynamics: Maxwell’sequations with sources; radiation theory; power spectrum; 2) anisotropy in the cosmic microwavebackground radiation; 3) fast fourier transforms; 4) applications of probability theory to physics:differential equations; dynamics and statistical mechanics.

(b) Advances in biophysics

Centre for Cellular and MolecularBiology, Hyderabad, May 25 – June8, 2007


Course Directors: Ch. Mohan Raoand Somdatta Sinha

Resource Persons: AmitabhaChattopadhyay, Mandar V Deshmukh, Jyotsna Dhawan, K Guruprasad, Ch Mohan Rao, R Nagaraj,Anant Bahadur Patel, Nandini Rangaraj, Rajan Sankaranarayanan, Ram Rup Sarkar, Lalji Singh, ShashiSingh, Somdatta Sinha and Ravi Sirdeshmukh (CCMB, Hyderabad).


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Extracts from report: Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that uses concepts and methods fromphysical sciences and engineering to elucidate the workings of biological processes at molecular,cellular, and organismal level. The scale encompasses solving of protein structure or measuring thekinetics of interactions on one hand, to application of models and experimental techniques derivedfrom physical sciences to larger systems such as tissues or organs on the other. The systems andmethodologies used by biophysicists thus span a large number of disciplines, such as biology,chemistry, computer science, mathematics, medicine, physics, physiology and neuroscience.

Biophysics often does not have separate departments of its own in colleges, and is primarily taught bybiologists who have specialized in other areas of life sciences. Given the interdisciplinary nature ofthe subject, teaching biophysics to undergraduate and postgraduate students remains a challengingtask. With the advent of new techniques to unravel intracellular processes at a very small and fastspace-time scales, it becomes necessary for teachers to acquaint themselves with the rapiddevelopments taking place in the area.

The goal of the Course was to expose biology teachers to recent advancements in biophysics, so thatthey can transfer some of the excitements in biophysical theory and techniques through theirteaching. The programme was designed to introduce the teacher-participants to the multifacetednature of biophysics with lectures, demonstrations and laboratory sessions.

The Course was divided into six modules to study structure, function of biological macromoleculesand intracellular localization and processes. (i) spectroscopy, (ii) high resolution microscopy,(iii) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, (iv) X-ray crystallography,(v) proteomics and (vi) comparative protein modelling using bioinformatics tools and computationalsystems biology.

The morning sessions were devoted to theory lectures on the topic and the afternoon sessions werefor laboratory demonstration of the relevant biophysical techniques. There were special lectures inthe evening on nanotechnology, stem cells, quantum dots and emerging trends in biology.

(c) Experimental physics

Anna University, Chennai, May 28 – June 10 2007


Course Director: R Srinivasan

Course Coordinator: J Kumar

Resource Persons: R Srinivasan (RRI, Bangalore),JBC Efrem Desa, KRS Priolkar, SM Sadique (Goa

University, Goa), J Kumar, R Dhanasekaran, S Moorthy Babu, PK Palanichamy, K Baskar, SN Kalkuraand R Jayavel (Anna University, Chennai)

Extracts from the report: The programme was designed such that the participants can improve theirexperimental skills. Towards this goal ten experiments were given to the participants during themorning session. In the afternoon session the participants carried out project work to assemble lock-

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in-amplifier, constant current source, etc. The participants assembled thecomponents and the entire experimental set-up and the project related kitswere gifted to their colleges.

There was a special lecture every evening to introduce the participants tonew developments in experimental physics. The participants were alsointroduced to the facilities available at the Crystal Growth Centre of the

Anna University to carry out experiments on crystal growth. A visit to theIndira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research was also arranged.

(d) Mathematics and its applications

Central Mechanical Engineering ResearchInstitute, Durgapur, June 9–14, 2007


Course Director: JK Bhattacharjee

Course Coordinator: Gopal P Sinha,CMERI, Durgapur

Resource Persons: JK Bhattacharjee (IACS,Kolkata), SC Bagchi, Rana Barua, ProbalChaudhuri, Alok Goswami and Palash Sarkar (ISI, Kolkata), Swapan Kumar Chakravarty (Howrah).

Extracts from the report: Science education programme for senior school students is an effort toinspire young, brilliant and talented minds in science and an endeavour for reversing the trend, whichsees young minds drifting from the field of basic sciences. The course was aimed at creatingawareness and motivation towards basic sciences especially in mathematics, and inculcate a problem-solving approach in young minds. The course provided the students a glimpse of the captivating worldof mathematics through discussions on the fundamentals and conceptual aspects of mathematics whichare not discussed at school level.

In his lecture JK Bhattacharjee emphasized on the development of fundamental concepts of basicsciences especially in mathematics and motivated the participants to take challenging careers in thisfield. J Basu introducing the teacher participants to the activities of CMERI mentioned thatconducting programmes of this genre is a part of the mandate of CSIR for societal benefit. PalashSarkar described the recent achievements of Indians in mathematics. He also shed light on emergingareas of mathematics in which research and development is required.

The participants, mainly from schools near Durgapur, were given two books: ‘What is mathematics’and ‘Mathematics and its history’.

R Srinivasan


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(e) Marine Geology and Geophysics

National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, October 22 – November 2, 2007


Course Directors: V Purnachandra Rao and KS Krishna

Resource Persons: MM Sarin and R Ramesh (PRL, Ahmedabad); Arun Bapat (Central Water andPower Research Station, Pune); KM Sivakholundu (NIOT, Chennai); Masood Ahmad and KalachandSain (NGRI, Hyderabad); Meloth Thamban (NCAOR, Goa); IV Radhakrishna Murthy (AndhraUniversity); Shiva K Patil (KS Krishnan Geomagnetic Research Laboratory, Allahabad); SWA Naqvi,Dileep Kumar, SC Shenoi, AR Gujar, JN Pattan, B Chakraborty, R Nigam, PD Naidu, Unni Krishnan,AL Paropkari, MV Ramana, MVS Gupta, Rahul Sharma, Shyam Prasad, KH Vora, GC Bhattacharya,AK Chaubey, K Sree Krishna, T Ramprasad, BN Nath, V Purnachandra Rao (NIO, Dona Paula, Goa).

Extracts from the report: The birth of oceanography, especially ‘marine geology and geophysics’began with the HMS Challenger expedition (1972–76) to the World Ocean. Although the AndhraUniversity, Waltair made pioneering marine investigations in 1950s, the International Indian OceanExpedition (1962–65) was the landmark for marine geology and geophysical studies in the IndianOcean. Subsequently in 1966 the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) was established forunderstanding the seas surrounding the country. Since then systematic studies have been carried outin and around the seas of India and enormous knowledge generated in different branches ofoceanography. NIO felt the need to disseminate knowledge generated by its scientists for bettermentof society and to inspire the younger generation to undertake research in marine sciences. This‘Refresher Course was part of the efforts to meet this obligation.

The course consisted of lectures under different areas. Eight lectures were delivered on physicaloceanographic processes around Indian margins, marine hazards on the Indian coast, dating of rocksand position fixing at sea. Ten lectures were on ‘minerals and mineral deposits’. The topics includedthe environment of formation of marine minerals on the continental margins and deep sea, gashydrates and its applications, volcanogenic and hydrothermal minerals in the vicinity of sub-marineridges and plate boundaries. Six lectures on ‘sea level and global change’ included observed sea levelrise in the past century and inferred sea level and neo-tectonic activity along the Indian continentalmargins since Last Glacial Maximum (18,000 14C years BP), bio-geochemical processes and ocean-land and atmospheric interactions and global change. Thirteen lectures on ‘Palaeoceanography’included the basics of stable isotopes (C, N, O), applications of stable isotopes in land and oceans,cyclicity of monsoons and forcing mechanisms, applications of radiogenic isotopes (Sr, Nd) for thesediments of Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea, Neogene ocean circulation, climate and deep-seaHiatusses and DSDP/ODP accomplishments, principles and instrumentation of environmentalmagnetism and their applications in understanding palaeoclimate, and the role of Antarctica andSouthern Ocean in the present and past global climate changes. Under ‘applied aspects of marinegeology’ three lectures included marine archeological investigations in inferring shoreline/sea levelchanges and applications of multibeam bathymetry and underwater photography in understanding seafloor. Under ‘marine geophysics’ eleven lectures on magnetic, gravity and seismic measurements ofthe continental margins, demarcation of continent-ocean boundary, tectonic readjustments within the

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lithosphere, etc were delivered. Also included were lectures on ambiguity in interpreting potentialfield data and geophysical evidences for demarcation of new Exclusive Economic Zone.

The participants were each given a book ‘The Indian Ocean, Vol. 2’ (eds R Sengupta and E Desa) as itcontained several state-of-art reviews on marine geology and geophysics of the Indian Ocean. Theywere also given detailed lecture notes prepared by the Resource Persons.

(f) Experimental Physics

Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram,October 22–November 2, 2007

No. of participants: 35 teachers and 15 MScstudents

Course Director: R Srinivasan

Course Co-ordinators: VK Vaidyan (University ofKerala), VS Jayakumar, PV Sicilykutty, Y Mathew,

Jolly Mathew, Aleyamma Philip, Alice Beeta Moraes, Leelamma T Alexander, K Joy, KS Mathew,Jijimon K Thomas and I Hubert Joe (Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram)

Resource Persons: R Srinivasan (RRI, Bangalore), KRS Priolkar (Goa University), JBC Efrem Desa(Carmel College, Goa), SB Gudennavar (Christ College, Bangalore), SM Sadique (Goa University).

Experiments covered: Construction of voltage regulator using LM317; dielectric constant of liquids;electrical and thermal conductivity of copper; measurement of mutual inductance (lock-in-amplifier);measurement of relaxation time constant (signal generator); self-inductance AC bridges; series,parallel resonance circuits and inexpensive AC bridge; Stefan’s constant and emissivity; temperaturecoefficient of resistance and band gap of a semiconductor; thermal diffusivity of brass.

Unlike other courses in experimental physics which were of an all-India character, the present coursewas intended only for the teacher participants from the affiliated colleges of Kerala University. TheBoard of Studies of the Kerala University had introduced ten of these experiments in their BSc andMSc curricula. The course was designed to train teachers in carrying out these experiments.

(g) Vistas in Zoological Teaching

University of Allahabad, Allahabad, January 30–February 13, 2008

Participants: 44 teachers

Course Director: UC Srivastava (University of Allahabad)

Resource Persons: Pratima Gaur, UC Srivastava, Krishna Kumar, Anita Gopesh, RR Tiwari, BanlataMohanty, Abhay Pandey, Anjana Pandey (University of Allahabad), Niraj Kumar (Institute of AppliedSciences, Allahabad) and Vimlesh Chandra (Allahabad)


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Topics of lectures: General trends and theories in evolution; concept building in zoology; analyticalappraisal of linkages between traditional and modern concept of evolution; systemic division of animaldiversity; evolution through the ages; radiation in animal kingdom; antioxidants; ultrastructure ofcytoplasmic inclusions; exotic fishes of Allahabad; gene organization; microbial gut interaction;anatomical evolution with physiological adaptation; physico-chemical evolution on nutritional patternin man; biochemical evolution; diversity in fish; transition of life from water to land; lessons fromstudies on molecular endocrinology of water buffaloes; bioinformatics in biology; structure andphysiology of male and female reproductive organs; molecular biology; new dimensions of vector-borne diseases and its control; biodiversity and conservation; global warming.

Besides lectures, there were practical sessions on specimen preparation and preservation, HRP-TMBreaction, Barr-body by methylene blue and mitochondria, random-amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCAR), preparation of chromosomal slides, anthropometricmeasurements and BMI interpretation in terms of health index, preparation of karyotype and DNAprobe and slicing. There were also interactive sessions and group discussions in which the participantsand resource personnel took part.

11.4 LECTURE WORKSHOPS FOR STUDENTS / TEACHERS(a) Physics of living matter

Aurora College, Hyderabad, 19–20 July 2007

Convener: LS Shashidhara (CCMB, Hyderabad)

Speakers: MRN Murthy (IISc, Bangalore), Srikanth Sastry (JNCASR, Bangalore), R Sankaranarayanan(CCMB, Hyderabad), Musti J Swamy (University of Hyderabad), Gautam Menon (IMSc, Chennai) andGV Shivashankar (NCBS, Bangalore).

Participants: 350 students and faculty from colleges in Hyderabad

Topics covered: Protein structures; X-ray vision of biomolecules; biological membranes; machines atthe molecular scale; genome organization and function within living cells.

(b) Quantum mechanics,quantum field theory,group theory andtensors

Mar Ivanios College,Thiruvananthapuram, 1–3August 2007

Convener: Diptiman Sen

Speakers: N Mukunda and

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Diptiman Sen (IISc, Bangalore) and B Sathiapalan (IMSc, Chennai).

Participants: 150 students and faculty from Mar Ivanios and other local colleges

Topics covered: Group theory; quantum mechanics; quantum field theory.

(c) Frontier topics in physics

CB Khedgi’s Basaveshwar Science College,Akkalkot, 10–11 August 2007

Conveners: DG Kanhere and Sulabha K Kulkarni

Speakers: Sulabha K Kulkarni and DG Kanhere(University of Pune), IS Mulla (NCL, Pune),BB Kale (C-Met, Pune), R Nityananda (NCRA,

Pune), Milind G Watve (Abasaheb Garware College, Pune).

Participants: 120 students and faculty from the Physics Department and colleges in Solapur district.

Topics covered: Nanoscience and technology; nanoparticles; GMRT: beyond our universe; excitementin astronomy; opportunities and advances in life sciences and computers in physics education.

(d) Statistical thermodynamics

University of Mysore, Mysore, 7–9 September2007

Convener: R Srinivasan (Mysore)

Co-ordinator: D Revannasiddaiah (University ofMysore)

Speakers: AV Gopala Rao (University of Mysore),Gautam Menon (IMSc, Chennai); NS Vidhyadhiraja(JNCASR, Bangalore) and SR Shenoy (University of Hyderabad).

Participants: 141 students and faculty from the Department of Physics of University and colleges inand around Mysore.

Topics covered: Foundations of statistical mechanics, classical statistical thermodynamics andapplications, Fermi Dirac statistics and applications and Bose–Einstein statistics.


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(e) Modern trends in chemistry

Vivekananda College, Tiruvedakam, Madurai Dist., 19–20 September 2007

Convener: R Ramaraj (Madurai Kamaraj University)

Co-ordinator: T Rajendran (Vivekananda College, Tiruvedakam)

Speakers: M Palaniandavar (Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli); S Rajagopal and K Pitchumani(Madurai Kamaraj University); P Ramamurthy (University of Madras, Chennai); D Ramaiah (NIIST,Thiruvananthapuram); N Chandrakumar (IIT, Chennai).

Participants: 250 undergraduate students and faculty from Tiruvedakam and other colleges.

Topics covered: Bio-inorganic chemistry; photoinduced intramolecular processes in bimetallic system;greener solvents for the future; fluorescence spectroscopy; photodynamic therapy; photochemistry oflasers; electron sharing and covalent bond NMR imaging.

(f) Science Workshop for Teachers

Christ College, Bangalore, 22–29 September, 2007

Co-ordinator: Mayamma Joseph (Christ College, Bangalore)

Speakers: Mythily Ramaswamy, AS Vasudeva Murthy, B Ananthanarayan, N Ravishankar, N Srinivasanand Usha Vijayraghavan (IISc, Bangalore)

Participants: 103 students and faculty from various colleges in Bangalore.

Topics covered: Vector calculus; line and multiple integrals; integral theorems and applications; highenergy physics; nanoparticles; bioinformatics and transgenic organism.

(g) Advances in basic sciences and mathematics

M.E.S. College, Bangalore, 24–27 September 2007

Convener: TN Guru Row

Co-ordinator: TT Srinivasan (MES College, Bangalore)

Speakers: Anil Kumar, SA Shivashankar, G Rangarajan, DN Rao, V Venkataraman, MK Ghosh,MRN Murthy, TN Guru Row, Siddharth Gadgil, PN Rangarajan, G Mugesh, V Nagaraja, DiptimanSen and Gautam Bharali (IISc, Bangalore); G Srinivasan and N V Madhusudana (RRI, Bangalore)

Participants: 250 students and teachers from MES and other local colleges.

Topics covered: NMR; nanomaterials; chaos and synchronization; restriction-modification enzymes;physics of semiconductor heterostructures; fascination of proteins; amazing world of symmetry; whatis topology; traditional, modern and futuristic vaccines; the accelerating universe; bioinorganicchemistry; superconductivity; liquid crystals; Euclid’s fifth postulate.

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B M Deb

(h) Concepts in chemistry

Ramananda College, Bishnupur, 28–30 September 2007

Convener: BM Deb (IISER, Kolkata)

Co-ordinator: Kartick Gupta (Ramananda College, Bishnupur)

Speakers: BM Deb and DS Ray (IACS, Kolkata),R Biswas (SN Bose Centre, Kolkata), PK Chattaraj

(IIT, Kharagpur).

Participants: 152 students and faculty from colleges in West Bengal.

Topics covered: Symmetry in chemistry; excitement in nonlinear dynamics;solvent dynamics in chemical events, chemical reactivity.

(i) Frontier lectures in chemistry

VV Pura College of Science, Bangalore, 5–6November 2007

Convener: HA Ranganath (Bangalore University)

Co-ordinator: KG Srinivasa Murthy (VV PuraCollege, Bangalore)

Speakers: KJ Rao, N Suryaprakash,SA Shivashankar, K Muniyappa, G Mugesh,

MS Hegde and S Chandrasekaran (IISc, Bangalore), Arun Kumar (GE-JFWTC, Bangalore), MRS Rao(JNCASR, Bangalore), Ila Junjappa (Jubilant Biosys, Bangalore).

Participants: 150 MSc students and teachers from the Chemistry Department of BangaloreUniversity

Topics covered: Excitement of nanoscience; analysis of NMR spectra; materials in microelectronics;DNA structure, polymorphism and topology; metalloproteins; separation science; solid statechemistry and auto exhaust catalysis; human genomics; aromatic and heteroaromatic annulation andgreen chemistry.

(j) Trends in medical biotechnology

VIT, Vellore, 27–29 November 2007

Convener: AS Balasubramanian

Co-ordinator: G Anilkumar (VIT University,Vellore)

Speakers: AS Balasubramanian, Nihal Thomas,BS Ramakrishna (CMC, Vellore), KABalasubramanian (Meenakshi Medical College,

R Biswas


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Chennai), T Subramoniam (NIOT, Chennai), Arun Balakrishnan (Nicholas Piramal, Mumbai), David SDurica (University of Oklahoma, USA).

Participants: 354 students and faculty from VIT University and other colleges.

Topics covered: Technological advances in DNA sequencing: inherited lysosomal storage disorders;immunogenetics of inflammatory bowel diseases; stem cell biology and its applications; high throughrobotics in screening of bioactive and understanding combinatorial drug mechanism; bacterialperitonitis in liver cirrhosis; recent advances in the assessment of the energy expenditure and bodycomposition; evolution of nuclear receptors and endocrine signalling.

(k) Frontiers in biosciences

Sophia College for Women, Mumbai, 29–30November 2007

Conveners: Tarala Nandedkar (National Institutefor Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai )and Roshan D’Souza (Sophia College, Mumbai)

Speakers: D Modi (NIRRH, Mumbai), J Bellare(IIT, Mumbai), KB Sainis (BARC, Mumbai), V Mangoli (Fertility Clinic, Mumbai), GR Raman(Nicholas Piramal, Mumbai), Indira Ghosh (IBB, Pune)

Participants: 300 students and faculty from colleges in Mumbai.

Topics covered: Nanotechnology; vaccines and immunotherapy; assisted reproductive technologies inhuman; genomics and proteomics; bioinformatics; industrial application of biosciences.

(l) Frontiers in neurosciences

Sophia College for Women, Mumbai, 4–5 January 2008

Convener: Veronica Rodrigues (TIFR, Mumbai)

Co-ordinator: Yasmin Khan (Sophia College, Mumbai)

Speakers: Shubha Tole and Vidita Vaidya (TIFR,Mumbai), Neeraj Jain and Rema Velayudhan (NBRC,Manesar), Sumantra Chaterjee (NCBS, Bangalore),MC Arunan (Sophia College, Mumbai), Probal Banerjee (College of Staten Island, USA).

Participants: 169 students and faculty from colleges and institutions in Mumbai.

Topics covered: Signals and responses: how the brain is built; principles of organization of sensorysystems; plasticity in the rat somatosensory cortex; adult neurogenesis and adult neural stem cells;learning and memory: synapses, cells and circuits; neuroscience education; target the flippase, label as‘trash’, or pull the trigger.

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(m) Frontier topics in physics

NGM College, Pollachi, 22–24 January 2008

Convener: M Lakshmanan

Co-ordinator: K Anandan (NGM College, Pollachi)

Speakers: M Lakshmanan, S Selvaraj,(Bharathidasan University, Trichy) D Mangalaraj,P Kolandaivel (Bharathiar University,Coimbatore), V Balakrishnan (IIT, Chennai),K Porsezian (Pondicherry University), HS Mani

(IMSc, Chennai), K Ganesan (Vellore Institute of Technology).

Participants: 157 students and staff from colleges and institutions in Coimbatore.

Topics covered: Relevance of equations in physics; nonequilibrium statistical physics; introduction tobiophysics; nanostructured materials/thin films for gas sensing applications; optical fibrecommunications; India-based neutrino observatory; need of density functional theory; nonlineardynamics of spin currents in nanoferromagnets and novel memory devices; chaos-based encryptionsystems.

(n) Gene Structure andFunction—Concepts toNew Developments

Mar Athanasios College,Thiruvalla, Kerala, 31January–1 February 2008

Convener: V Nagaraja (IISc,Bangalore)

Co-ordinator: BijuDharmapalan (MACFAST, Thiruvalla, Kerala)

Speakers: Umesh Varshney, S Mahadevan, Debnath Pal, V Nagaraja, DN Rao (IISc, Bangalore)

Participants: 339 students from colleges in Thiruvalla

Topics covered: Nucleic acid structure and sequencing; from double helix to gene regulation;introduction to thermodynamics in molecular biology; problems in DNA replication; microbialsurvival strategies; enzymes: principles in catalysis and kinetics; analytical methods to determinegene structure and function; introduction to computational biology and systems biology; enzymes:concepts and promises; microbial diversity and metagenomics.


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Joseph Samuel

(o) Mathematical Analysis and Applications

Maharani Lakshmi Ammani College for Women, Bangalore, 31 January–2February 2008

Convener: Mythily Ramaswamy

Co-ordinator: Sandhya JV ( Maharani Lakshmi Ammani College, Bangalore)

Speakers: Alladi Sitaram (IISc, Bangalore), Prashanth K Srinivasan, Mythily Ramaswamy, AS VasudevaMurthy, Amit Apte (TIFR-CAM, Bangalore), Joseph Samuel (RRI, Bangalore)

Participants: 150 students and staff from colleges and institutions inBangalore.

Topics covered: Differential calculus of one dimension; integral calculus ofone dimension; differential calculus of multi dimension; vector calculus;multiple integrals; surface integrals; integral theorems; applications tophysics; applications of differential equations.

(p) Concepts in chemistry

Krishnath College, Berhampore, 1–3 February 2008

Convener: BM Deb

Co-ordinator: Somes Ray (Krishnath College, Berhampore)

Speakers: SP Bhattacharyya and DS Ray (IACS, Kolkata), R Biswas (SN Bose Centre, Kolkata),S Dattagupta and BM Deb ((IISER, Kolkata)

Participants: 165 students and staff from Krishnath and other colleges

Topics covered: Thermodynamics; materials, magnets and memory; the hydrogen atom; bonding,structure and reactivity and spectroscopy

(q) Frontier topics in physics

Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, 4–5February 2008

Convener: M Lakshmanan

Co-ordinator: T Kanna (Bishop Heber College,Tiruchirappalli)

Speakers: G Baskaran, R Simon, Rahul Sinha(IMSc, Chennai), N Gautham (University of

Madras), M Lakshmanan (Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli)

Participants: 178 students and staff from colleges and institutions in Tiruchirappalli

Mythily Ramaswamy

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Topics covered: Excitements in nanoscience; entanglement in polarization optics; protein structure,prediction and protein folding; the quest for the building blocks of universe; nanomaterials; relevanceof equations in physics.

(r) Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Design

Sri Kaliswari College, Sivakasi, 11–12 February 2008

Convener: R Ramaraj (MKU, Madurai)

Co-ordinator: S Alagappan (Sri Kaliswari College, Sivakasi)

Speakers: Uday Maitra (IISc, Bangalore), M Palaniandavar (Bharathidasan University), H SuryaPrakash Rao (Pondicherry University), V Subramanian (CLRI, Chennai)

Participants: 213 students and staff from colleges and institutions in Sivakasi.

Topics covered: Enzyme inhibitors as drugs; metallodrugs; development of small molecules as drugs;molecular modelling and drug design.

(s) Novel Materials

University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 22–24 February 2008

Convener: R Srinivasan (Bangalore)

Co-ordinator: TK Umesh (University of Mysore)

Speakers: KJ Rao, Anil Kumar, KK Nanda (IISc, Bangalore)

Participants: 100 students and staff from colleges and institutions in Mysore.

Topics covered: Ceramic oxide materials and amorphous materials; GMR and spintronic materials;nanomaterials.


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(t) Computational chemistry

Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram, 7–8March 2008

Convener: MS Gopinathan

Co-ordinator: Abraham George

Speakers: MS Gopinathan, TK Manojkumar,KR Srivasthan (IITM-K, Trivandrum),TP Radhakrishnan (University of Hyderabad),

CH Suresh (NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram), ED Jemmis, S Ramasesha (IISc, Bangalore) and AbrahamGeorge (Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram

Participants: 120 students and staff from colleges and institutions in Thiruvananthapuram

Topics covered: Quantum chemistry; molecules in materials; computing reaction paths;computational chemistry; web resources, variational and perturbational methods; chemoinformatics;virtual advanced school in chemistry; Gaussian programmes.

(u) Foundations of chemistry

VYT PG Autonomous College, Durg,Chhattisgarh, 7–9 March 2008

Convener: PK Chattaraj

Co-ordinator: Ajai Kumar Pillai(VYT College, Durg)

Speakers: PK Chattaraj (IIT, Kharagpur),Ranjit Biswas (SN Bose Centre, Kolkata),S Bhattacharya (Jadavpur University,Kolkata), Amit Basak (IIT, Kharagpur), P Chakrabarti (Bose Institute, Kolkata)

Participants: 149 students and staff from colleges in Durg, Rajnandgaon, Vaishali Nagar and Bhilai.

Topics covered: Physical chemistry; electron spin resonance; organic chemistry; reaction dynamicsand spectroscopy; aspects of biochemistry and drug design.

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N V Madhusudana at the workshop

(v) Frontier Lectures in Physics

Bangalore University, Bangalore, 11–12 March2008


Co-ordinator: Ramani (Bangalore University)

Speakers: SV Bhat, GS Bhat, S Ramasesha,J Srinivasan, Diptiman Sen (IISc, Bangalore),NV Madhusudana (RRI, Bangalore)

Participants: 169 students and staff from the University and colleges in Bangalore

Topics covered: Fascination of manganite magnetism; liquid crystal research; clouds; molecularelectronic, magnetic and optic materials; science of climate change; electrical transport in lowdimension.

(w) Frontier lectures in biology

Bangalore University, Bangalore, 19–20 March2008


Co-ordinator: RM Ranganath (BangaloreUniversity)

Speakers: R Gadagkar, DN Rao, MRN Murthy,Usha VijayRaghavan (IISc, Bangalore),K VijayRaghavan (NCBS, Bangalore), TR Raju and V Ravi (NIMHANS, Bangalore)

Topics covered: Insect societies; how fly assembles the machinery that allows it to walk; brain andbehaviour; traditional, modern and futuristic vaccines; restriction-modification enzymes; structuralbiology; genetic regulators of the rice flowering stem and floral organs; HIV infection.


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Income Plan/Non Plan Expenditure Plan/Non PlanRupees Rupees(in lakhs) (in lakhs)

Grant – DST 451.00 Journal printing (including Current Science) 140.00INSA/NASI 74.00 Science Panel programmes 114.04

Subscriptions 53.14 Construction of additional floor 90.00Others 10.13 Salaries 86.33Deficit 21.01 Annual/mid-year meetings 48.77

Postage 24.76Others (Maintenance of building, 105.38

equipment, special publications,pension fund, modernization etc.)

609.28 609.28

12 Academy Finances

The accounts for the financial year 2007–08 were audited by a firm of chartered accountants. Asummary of the income and expenditure for 2007–2008 is given below:

13 Acknowledgements

The Academy’s publication activities are largely due to the voluntary and unpaid services of Editors,Members of Editorial Boards and the large number of reviewers who examine and comment onmanuscripts sent to them for opinion. Several Fellows also contributed their services to otherAcademy activities such as organizing annual meetings and discussion meetings and conductingprogrammes on science education, etc. The generous financial assistance by Department of Scienceand Technology has greatly contributed to the success of the activities undertaken by the Academy.The local organizing committee of the 73rd Annual Meeting at Thiruvananthapuram made allarrangements for a successful annual meeting.

(a) From the current financial year onwards the printing expenditure of Current Science is met by theAcademy out of DST grants.

(b) The Science Panel programmes are now jointly run by the three Academies (IASc, INSA andNASI). The total expenditure for 2007–08 was Rs. 114.00 lakhs shared equally by the threeAcademies.

(c) The finances of the Academy are satisfactory.

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Table 1 Information about published pages in journals (January to December 2007)

Vol.No. No. of No. of Total No. of **issues papers pages 2007

1. Bulletin of Materials Science 30 6 97 636 1062. Current Science 92,93 24 902 3664* 203. J. Astrophys. Astron. 28 4 19 234 2384. Journal of Biosciences 32 7 137 1375 6805. Journal of Chemical Sciences 119 6 77 654 116. Journal of Earth System Science 116 6 49 598 1227. Journal of Genetics 86 3 38 306 418. Pramana 68,69 12 252 2417 879. Proceedings (Math. Sci.) 117 4 45 586 3410. Resonance 12 12 136 1143 2311. Sadhana – Engg. Sci. 32 6 47 701 81

Total 1799 12314 349

* including briefer items such as news, correspondence, etc. ** As compared to last year’s figures

Table 2 Information on papers submitted for publication (January to December 2007)

Accepted Rejected Pending Total **1. Bulletin of Materials Science 47 35 66 148 802. Current Science 636 1357 168 2161* 1443. J. Astrophys. Astron. 11 32 25 68 174. Journal of Biosciences 103 322 8 433 565. Journal of Chemical Sciences 47 100 68 215 326. Journal of Earth System Science 75 96 19 190 887. Journal of Genetics 37 151 3 191 308. Pramana 90 214 81 385 1339. Proceedings (Math. Sci.) 34 174 69 277 710. Resonance 32 81 23 136 12711. Sadhana – Engg. Sci. 42 65 82 189 65

Total 1154 2627 612 4393 51

* including briefer items such as news, correspondence, etc. ** As compared to last year’s figures


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Table 3a Progress report of 2007 from Springer

Journal Subscriptions Visibility Downloads

2006 2007 International FromInternational International visibility increase past

print subscriptions through online issuessubscriptions Print Online by a factor of

Bulletin of Material Science 26 15 1582 61 11639J. Astrophys. Astron. 120 82 1557 14 1000

(approx.)Journal of Biosciences 46 31 1576 35 4123Journal of Chemical Sciences 35 12 1571 45 2578Journal of Earth System Science 38 17 1752 46 2061Journal of Genetics 97 74 1568 17 426Pramana – journal of physics 34 18 1710 51 2500

(approx.)Proceedings (Math. Sci.) 62 38 1694 28 1000

(approx.)Resonance 22 12 1614 74 684Sadhana 20 11 1736 87 9397

Table 3 Circulation details of journals (January to December 2007)

Subscription Complimentary Fellows Total **&

India Foreign India Foreign Associates

1. Bulletin of Materials Science 1768a 50 83 26 96 2023 752. Current Science 4821c 350d 161 55 78 5465 543. J. Astrophys. Astron. 781 150 70 23 74 1098 674. Journal of Biosciences 1729 75 100 120 236 2260 1125. Journal of Chemical Sciences 1223 50 73 84 138 1568 1106. Journal of Earth System Science 761 75 67 100 84 1087 537. Journal of Genetics 1238 125 80 62 160 1665 1308. Pramana 1528 75 102 48 154 1907 1369. Proceedings (Math. Sci.) 1241 75 88 90 90 1584 4010. Resonance 5733b 50 240 7 - 6030 40111. Sadhana – Engg. Sci. 1072 50 63 30 100 1315 111

a. Includes about 600 MRSI members in India and abroadb. includes about 2480 personal subscribersc. includes about 1603 about personal subscribersd. includes about 295 complimentary copies sent to Third World countries** As compared to last year’s figures

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Anil KumarNational Geophysical ResearchInstitute, HyderabadSp: Areas of interest: Earthsciences; isotope geochemistry;paleomagnetism

Apte, Shree KumarBhabha Atomic Research Centre,MumbaiSp: Molecular biology;biotechnology; physiology/biochemistry/stress biology ofbacteria and plants

Bhalla, Upinder SinghNational Centre for BiologicalSciences, BangaloreSp: Systems biology;computational neuroscience;systems neurobiology

Chandy, MammenChristian Medical CollegeHospital, VelloreSp: Hematology; bone marrowtransplantation; moleculargenetics of blood diseases

Chattopadhyay, JoydevIndian Statistical Institute, KolkataSp: Mathematical modelling onecology; epidemiology; eco-epidemiology

Chaudhuri, ArabindaIndian Institute of ChemicalTechnology, HyderabadSp: Organized surfactantassemblies; bioorganic chemistry;liposomal delivery systems

Annexure 1 NEW FELLOWS 2007 (effective 1 January 2008)

Das, Puspendu KumarIndian Institute of Science,BangaloreSp: Physical chemistry; Laserspectroscopy and dynamics;nonlinear optics

Dey, Gautam KumarBhabha Atomic Research Centre,MumbaiSp: Phase transformations inmetals and alloys; electronmicroscopy; metallic glasses andnanocrystalline materials

Goswami, RavinderAll India Institute of MedicalSciences, New DelhiSp: Autoimmune endocrinedisorders; sporadic idiopathichypoparathyroidism; metabolicbone disorders in India

Gupta, Anil KumarIndian Institute of Technology,KharagpurSp: Paleomonsoon;paleoclimatology;paleoceanography

Gupta, YashwantNational Centre for RadioAstrophysics, PuneSp: Astronomy and astrophysics;radio astronomy instrumentation;signal processing

Karanth, Ullas KCentre for Wildlife Studies,BangaloreSp: Carnivore ecology; animalpopulation analysis; conservationbiology


48

Panda, DulalIndian Institute of Technology,MumbaiSp: Biochemistry; cell biology;biophysics

Pandit, Aniruddha BInstitute of Chemical Technology,MumbaiSp: Design of multiphase reactors;cavitation phenomena;environmental engineering

Parnaik, Veena KCentre for Cellular and MolecularBiology, HyderabadSp: Cell biology; molecularbiology

Roy, SujitIndian Institute of Technology,KharagpurSp: Organometallic chemistry;catalysis for fine chemicals; C-Hfunctionalization

Sarkar, UtpalPhysical Research Laboratory,AhmedabadSp: Theoretical high energyphysics; particle physics andcosmology; astroparticle physics

Sharma, Surinder MohanBhabha Atomic Research Centre,MumbaiSp: Condensed matter physicsunder high pressures; synchrotronbeamlines; molecular dynamicsand first principles calculations

Sharma, YogendraCentre for Cellular & MolecularBiology, HyderabadSp: Biophysics; biochemistry;protein structure and function

Kesavan, SrinivasanThe Institute of MathematicalSciences, ChennaiSp: Partial differential equations;homogenization; isoperimetricinequalities

Krishna Kumar, KIndian Institute of TropicalMeteorology, PuneSp: Monsoon dynamics;predictability and prediction;climate change and impacts;climate applications

Krishnakumar, ETata Institute of FundamentalResearch, MumbaiSp: Atomic collision processes;molecular dynamics; electroncontrolled chemistry

Kundu, Tapas KJawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research,BangaloreSp: Mechanisms of transcriptionalregulation; nonhistone chromatinproteins in genomic integrity;chemical biology

Manna, IndranilIndian Institute of Technology,KharagpurSp: Structure-propertycorrelation of engineeringmaterials; nanostructuredmaterials; surface engineering

Nangia, AshwiniUniversity of Hyderabad,HyderabadSp: Organic chemistry; crystalengineering; supramolecularchemistry

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HONORARY FELLOWS

Siddiqi, ImranCentre for Cellular and MolecularBiology, HyderabadSp: Genetics; plant development;genetic recombination

Singh, MewaUniversity of Mysore, MysoreSp: Animal behaviour; wildlifeecology; sociobiology

Somasundaram, KumaravelIndian Institute of Science,BangaloreSp: Cancer biology; genetics;virology

Srianand, RaghunathanInter-University Centre forAstronomy & Astrophysics, PuneSp: QSO spectroscopy;cosmology; structural formation

Suresh, VenapallyUniversity of Hyderabad,HyderabadSp: Algebra; quadratic forms anddivision algebras; arithmeticgeometry

Thomas, K GeorgeNational Institute forInterdisciplinary Science andTechnology, ThiruvananthapuramSp: Photochemistry andphotophysics; nanostructuredmaterials; photoresponsivematerials

Tyagi, Jaya SAll India Institute of MedicalSciences, New DelhiSp: Molecular biology;mycobacteriology; geneticengineering

Vijayamohanan, KNational Chemical Laboratory,PuneSp: Electrochemistry/physicalchemistry; nanotechnology;materials chemistry

Waghmare, Umesh VasudeoJawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research,BangaloreSp: Multi-functional oxidematerials; nano-structures andtheir properties; applications ofgeometric phases in materialsscience

Chakravarti, AravindaJohns Hopkins University Schoolof MedicineBaltimore, Maryland, USA

Jansen, MartinMax-Planck-Institut fürFestkörperforschungStuttgart, Germany


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Annexure 2 FELLOWS DECEASED

6. Maitra, PK(b. 01.11.1932, d. 04.09.2007)Elected: 1975Sp. Biochemistry, molecularbiology; genetics

7. Mitra, AP(b. 21.02.1927, d. 03.09.2007)Elected: 1974Sp. Radio and space science; radiocommunication

8. Narasimhan, Rangaswamy(b. 17.04.1926, d. 02.09.2007)Elected: 1966Sp. Computer sciences

9. Ramakrishnan, T(b. 14.03.1922, d. 15.02.2008)Elected: 1974Sp. Microbial metabolism;microbial genetics; molecularbiology of Tubercle bacillus

10. Sethi, PK(b. 28.11.1927, d. 06.01.2008)Elected: 1989Sp. Orthopaedic surgery;prosthetics; orthotics

1. Abhyankar, KD(b. 21.06.1928, d. 08.11.2007)Elected: 1974Sp. Astronomy; spectroscopy

2. Anand, BK(b. 19.09.1917, d. 02.04.2007)Elected: 1975Sp. Neurophysiology; medicaleducation

3. Chandy, Jacob(b. 23.01.1910, d. 23.06.2007)Elected: 1961Sp. Neurology; neurosurgery;medical education

4. Chauhan, BS(b. 02.05.1915, d. 04.02.2007)Elected: 1952Sp. Helminthology; parasitology;systematic and general zoology

5. Guha-Mukherjee, Sipra(b. 13.07.1938, d. 15.09.2007)Elected: 1988Sp. Plant molecular biology; planttissue culture; geneticengineering

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11. Sharma, Archana(b. 16.02.1932, d. 14.01.2008)Elected: 1977Sp. Plant and human cytogenetics;environmental mutagenesis

12. Thomas, Joseph(b. 20.03.1935, d. 30.01.2008)Elected: 1975Sp. Biological nitrogen fixation;biotechnology

13. Varadachari, VVR(b. 01.07.1925, d. 04.08.2007)Elected: 1974Sp. Physical oceanography;meteorology

14. Varadarajan, MG(b. 09.11.1917, d. 05.10.2004)Elected: 1974Sp. Radiology

15. Yadava, SL(b. 05.07.1953, d. 07.06.2007)Elected: 1999Sp. Nonlinear differentialequations


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7. Mukhopadhyay, PritamJawaharlal Nehru University,New DelhiSp. Supramolecular and materialschemistry

8. Senthil Kumar, PNational Geophysical ResearchInstitute, HyderabadSp. Impact cratering; planetarygeology; thermal evolution ofplanetary lithosphere

9. Subramanian, GaneshJawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research,BangaloreSp. Fluid dynamics

10. Suresh Babu, SNVikram Sarabhai Space Centre,ThiruvananthapuramSp. Aerosols (Atmosphericaerosols), radiative forcing;climate impact

11. Thanikaivelan, PCentral Leather ResearchInstitute, ChennaiSp. Leather science andtechnology; environmentalscience and technology; newmaterials design and development

12. Tripathi, VikramTata Institute of FundamentalResearch, MumbaiSp. Theoretical condensed matterphysics

Annexure 3 NEW ASSOCIATES 2007

1. Anandavardhanan, UKIndian Institute of Technology,MumbaiSp. Automorphic forms;representation theory

2. Ghosh, Anil KIndian Institute of Technology,KanpurSp. Statistical analysis

3. Jain, MukeshUniversity of Delhi SouthCampus, New DelhiSp. Plant genomics; biotechnology

4. Kavitha, TelikepalliIndian Institute of Science,BangaloreSp. Algorithms and datastructures; computationalcomplexity; efficient graphalgorithms

5. Mukherjee, Partha SarathiIndian Institute of Science,BangaloreSp. Nanoscopic moleculararchitectures; single moleculemagnets; metal-organicframework

6. Mukhopadhyay, BanibrataIndian Institute of Science,BangaloreSp. Theoretical astrophysics;astroparticle physics; field theoryin curved space time

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Annexure 4 EIGHTEENTH MID-YEAR MEETING (13-14 July 2007, Bangalore)

7. Anuradha Lohia, Bose Institute, Kolkata

Endo-reduplication and irregular division lead toheterogeneity of genome content in Entamoebahistolytica

8. Amitava Raychaudhuri, Harish-ChandraResearch Institute, Allahabad

Let’s talk about INO

9. Rakesh Aggarwal, All India Institute of MedicalSciences, New Delhi

Epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory aspects ofhepatitis E

10. Satheesh Chandra Shenoi, National Institute ofOceanography, Dona Paula, Goa

Why is the Bay of Bengal warmer than the ArabianSea? Role of ocean dynamics

11. Sandeep Sen, Indian Institute of Technology, NewDelhi

Geometric clustering in high dimensions

12. Dipak K Palit, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,Mumbai

Ultrafast dynamics of intramolecular chargetransfer and hydrogen bond

A. Special Lectures1. G. Sundararajan, International Advanced Research

Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials(ARCI), Hyderabad

The indentation of materials to probe theirmechanical behaviour

2. E.D. Jemmis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

A structural chemistry for boron

B. Public LectureG. Madhavan Nair, Department of Space,Bangalore

Highlights of Indian space programme

C. Lecture Presentations by Fellows/Associates

1. Sanjay Jain, University of Delhi, Delhi

Modelling the self-organization and collapse ofcomplex networks

2. Musti J. Swamy, University of Hyderabad,Hyderabad

Biophysical investigations on the structure, phasebehaviour and membrane interactions of stress-induced lipids

3. V. Sriram, National Centre for Biological Sciences,Bangalore

Role of mitochondrial fission and fusion duringprogrammed cell death

4. Yogesh M. Joshi, Indian Institute of Technology,Kanpur

Rheological study of aging soft glasses of laponite

5. Raghavan B. Sunoj, Indian Institute of Technology,Mumbai

Probing mechanism and selectivity in organicreactions through computational methods

6. V. Balaji, Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai

Holonomy groups of bundles on algebraicvarieties


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Annexure 5 SEVENTY-THIRD ANNUAL MEETING, 2007

A. Presidential AddressD Balasubramanian, LV Prasad Eye Institute,Hyderabad

Approaches to understand and treat eye diseases

B. (a) Symposium: Space sciences andapplications — Current trends andfuture perspectives

1. K Kasturirangan, NIAS, Bangalore

Evolution of space sciences in India

2. JN Goswami, PRL, Ahmedabad

Frontier areas in solar system studies

3. BN Suresh, VSSC, Thiruvananthapuram

Space transportation systems – What the futurebeholds

4. PS Goel, Ministry of Earth Sciences, New Delhi

Earth from space

5. RR Navalgund, SAC, Ahmedabad

Space – Touching humanity through applications

(b) Symposium: Re-emerging infectionsin India

1. CC Kartha, SCTIMST, Thiruvananthapuram

Introduction

2. AC Mishra, NIV, Pune

Chandipura encephalitis: Epidemiology andpathobiology

3. VA Arankalle, NIV, Pune

Re-emergence of chikungunya in India: Molecularanalysis

4. YD Sharma, AIIMS, New Delhi

Resurgence of malaria in India – Does geneticmutations in the parasite complement ecologicalcauses?

5. V Raman Kutty, SCTIMST, Thiruvananthapuram

A policy perspective on prediction and control ofre-emerging infections

6. UC Chaturvedi, Lucknow

Concluding remarks

C. Special Lectures1. ML Munjal, IISc, Bangalore

Towards quieter automobiles

2. Sulochana Gadgil, IISc, Bangalore

Foretelling the monsoon

D. S Ramaseshan Memorial LectureLotika Varadarajan, Historian, New Delhi

Seafaring traditions of the Indian West Coast

E. Lecture presentations by Fellows/Associates

1. Mythily Ramaswamy, TIFR Centre, Bangalore

Symmetry of solutions of differential equations ofdifferential equations

2. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IIT, Chennai

What does it take for India to become a leader inwireless technology?

3. Chanda J Jog, IISc, Bangalore

Lopsided spiral galaxies

4. A Ajayaghosh, NIST, Thiruvananthapuram

Self-assembled molecular architectures withcontrolled size, shape and functions

5. Harkesh B Singh, IIT, Mumbai

Organo-chalcogen and mercury chemistry: Roleof intramolecular secondary interactions

6. Rahul Siddharthan, IMSc, Chennai

What DNA sequence tells us about generegulation

7. PN Rangarajan, IISc, Bangalore

From vaccines to virogenomics

8. Sunil Bajpai, IIT, Roorkee

India’s northward drift and collision with Asia:Evolving faunal response

9. LS Shashidhara, IISER, Pune

On the evolution of insect wings

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S T A T E M E N TO F A C C O U N T S

2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8

I N D I A N A C A D E M Y O F S C I E N C E SB A N G A L O R E

A C A D E M Y O F S C I E N C E S B A N G A L O R E S T A T E M E N T O F A C C O U N T S 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8 I N D I A NA C A D E M Y


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RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2008(Amount in rupees)

RECEIPTS 2007-2008 2006-2007I Opening Balances:

a) Cash in hand 43,394 7,157b) Bank balances Savings account 15,28,549 11,85,370

II Grants received:a) From Govt. of India 4,51,00,000 3,18,00,000b) From other sources 61,20,000 25,000

III Income on investments from:a) Earmarked Endowment Funds 57,16,894 Nilb) Own funds Nil 33,46,664

IV Interest received:a) On Bank deposits (SB) 2,87,459 2,76,229

V Other Income 72,56,262 66,53,045VI Any other receipts:

Contribution to corpus fund 2,60,497 4,65,000VII Investments matured 2,75,90,000 1,80,69,000

TOTAL 9,39,03,055 6,18,27,465

PAYMENTSI Expenses:

a) Establishment 86,33,004 65,44,005b) Administrative expenses 4,48,36,794 2,46,67,670

II Investments and deposits madeout of own funds 3,03,30,000 2,20,00,000

III Expenditure on:a) Fixed assets Nil 10,09,702b) Capital Work in Progress 90,00,000 60,34,145

IV Closing balances:a) Cash in hand 93,554 43,394b) Bank balances 10,09,703 15,28,549TOTAL 9,39,03,055 6,18,27,465

As per our report of even date annexedFor B.R.V. GOUD & CoChartered Accountants

Place: Bangalore Sd/- Sd/- Sd/- Sd/-Date: 26.06.2008 (D. Balasubramanian) (A.K. Sood) (G. Madhavan) (A.B. Shiva

President Treasurer Executive Subramanyam)Secretary Partner


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INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2008(Amount in Rupees)

Particulars 2007-2008 2006-2007A. INCOME Plan Non-Plan Plan Non-PlanGrants/subsidies 4,74,00,000 52,20,000 2,60,00,000 58,25,000Fees/subscriptions Nil 53,13,680 Nil 64,29,328Income from royalty, publications etc. Nil 3,03,977 Nil 5,84,350Interest earned Nil 2,87,459 Nil 2,76,229Other income Nil 3,01,179 Nil 1,38,163Total (A) 4,74,00,000 1,14,26,295 2,60,00,000 1,32,53,070B. EXPENDITURE Plan Non-PlanEstablishment Nil 86,33,004 Nil 65,44,005Other administrative expenses etc. 4,74,50,643 48,43,698 2,52,54,548 72,61,713Total (B) 4,74,50,643 1,34,76,702 2,52,54,548 1,38,05,718Surplus(+)/Deficit(-) (A-B) (-) 50,643 (-)20,50,407 +7,45,452 (-)5,52,648




BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31 MARCH 2008(Amount in Rupees)

31-3-2008 31-3-2007SOURCES OF FUNDSCorpus/capital fund 8,33,81,288 7,94,76,646Earmarked/endowment funds 66,48,904 66,07,049Current liabilities and provisions 57,81,120 58,44,540TOTAL 9,58,11,312 9,19,28,235APPLICATION OF FUNDSFixed assets 3,36,89,752 3,36,35,451Investments: from earmarked/endowment funds 42,00,000 57,00,000Investments: others 5,35,40,000 4,93,00,000Current assets, loans, advances etc. 43,81,560 32,92,784TOTAL 9,58,11,312 9,19,28,235




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R B S & F L A G S K E R B S & F L A G S K E R B S & F L A G S K E R B S & F L A G S K E R B S I N D I A N A C A D E M Y O F S C I E N C E S B A N G A L O R E A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8 I N D I A N

Documents

ANNUAL REPORT - Indian Academy of Sciences · including several from USA and UK. The four-day programme included 22 presentations in sessions that dealt with flow control, flow diagnostics