Another Example: #include<BIOS.H> #include<DOS.H> char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65) ( ); void interrupt newint65( ); void main() { oldint65 = getvect(0x65);

Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

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Page 1: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Another Example:#include<BIOS.H>#include<DOS.H>char st[80] ={"Hello World$"};char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"};void interrupt (*oldint65)( );void interrupt newint65( );void main(){ oldint65 = getvect(0x65); setvect(0x65, newint65); keep(0, 1000);}

Page 2: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Continued:void interrupt newint65( ){

if (( _AH ) = = 0){

_AH = 0x09;_DX = (unsigned int) st;geninterrupt (0x21);

}else{

if (( _AH ) = = 1){

_AH = 0x09;_DX = (unsigned int) st1;geninterrupt (0x21);

}}

}

Page 3: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

2nd Program:#include<BIOS.H>#include<DOS.H>void main(){

_AH = 1;geninterrupt (0x65);_AH = 0;geninterrupt (0x65);

}

Page 4: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Interrupt Interception Hooks/Stealing

Page 5: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Execution Interrupted

ISR Perform I/O

Normal Execution of Interrupt

Page 6: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Interrupt Interception

New Routine

Original Routine

Page 7: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Other form of Interrupt Interception

New Routine

Original Routine

Page 8: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

void Interrupt newint();void Interrupt (*old)();void main(){old=getvect(0x08);Setvect(0x08,newint);Keep(0,1000);}void interrupt newint (){(*old)();}

Page 9: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Timer Interrupt

Page 10: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Hardware InterruptsInvoked by Means of Hardware

Approximately occurs 18.2 times per second

Page 11: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

BIOS Data Area0040:0000

Page 12: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Right Shift key

Left Shift Key

Ctrl Key

Alt Key

Insert key

Caps Lock Key

Num Lock key

Scroll lock key

40:17H

Keyboard Status Word

Page 13: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

#include <dos.h>void Interrupt (*old)();void Interrupt new();Char far *scr=(char far* ) 0x00400017;Void main(){old=getvect(0x08);Setvect(0x08,new);Keep(0,1000);}Void interrupt new (){*scr=64;(*old)();}

Page 14: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Interrupt Interception

New Routine

Original Routine

Page 15: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Memory Mapped Isolated I/O

Page 16: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Isolated I/O

MP I/O

OUT

Page 17: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Memory Mapped I/O

MP I/O

MOV

Page 18: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Memory Mapped I/O ON Monitor

B8OO:0000B8OO:0001

B8OO:0002B8OO:0003

Low Byte = ASCII CODEHigh Byte =Attribute Byte

Page 19: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

Memory Mapped I/O ON Monitor

X X X X X X X X

Back Color ColorBold

Blink

Low Byte = Ascii CodeHigh Byte = Attribute Byte

000 Black

100 Red

010 Green

001 Blue

111 White

fore color

Page 20: Another Example: #include char st[80] ={"Hello World$"}; char st1[80] ={"Hello Students!$"}; void interrupt (*oldint65)( ); void interrupt newint65( );

unsigned int far *scr=0xb8000000;

void main(){

(*scr)=0x0756;(*(scr+1))=0x7055;

}

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