Answer Key - Practice Test 2

7/29/2019 Answer Key - Practice Test 2

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also mark the second sentenceYes. The professorsays, One of these updrafts picks up the dropletand lifts it high into the cloud, where the air iscold, and it freezes. Although hail is sometimesassociated with tornadoes, tornado winds are notinvolved in the formation of hailstones, so youshould mark the third sentence No.According tothe professor, the process of being lifted back into

the cold part of the clouds by updrafts happensagain and again. With each trip above and belowthe freezing level, the hailstone adds another layerof ice. Therefore, the fourth sentence should bemarkedYes. There is no mention in the lecturethat hail is formed by the collision of a fast-moving

warm front and a slow-moving cold front, so thefifth sentence should be marked No.

Speaking

Independent Speaking TasksAnswers for these two tasks will vary.

Integrated Speaking TasksAnswers for these tasks will vary, but should include thefollowing:3. The woman agrees with the notice. The notice says that

the university believes students need at least four terms oflanguage instruction because the world is now more glob-alized and students need another language to communi-cate internationally. She says that people need a languageto understand another culture and to work and travelabroad. The notice urges students with high levels of lan-guage ability to study an additional language, and sheplans to follow this advice and study a European language.

4. Both the Columbiaand the Hindenburgare lighter-than-air craft. The blimp Columbiais a non-rigid airship.Blimps are much smaller than zeppelins, and they have nointernal structure. Because they are filled with helium,they are safer than zeppelins. Blimps like the Columbiaareoften used as platforms for cameras at sporting events and

for advertising.The German zeppelin Hindenburgwas a rigid airship. Ithad an internal aluminum frame. It was huge, about 250meters in length, and was used to carry passengers. TheHindenburgwas filled with flammable hydrogen and wasdestroyed by an explosion and fire in 1937. This disasterended the age of zeppelins.

5. Dianes problem is that she would like to go see her sisterin Boston during Spring Break. However, she didnt makean airline reservation in advance, and now she cant affordthe fare. She doesnt want to drive because buying gas

would be expensive and the drive would be tiring.Mike suggests two solutions: using the Ride Board or

taking a train. Test-takers who chose the first solutionshould mention that she could find someone to do someof the driving and to share the cost of gasoline. She could

also either take her car or go in another persons car.Test-takers who chose the second solution should men-

tion that she could relax or study on the train, and that it isa little bit cheaper than flying.

6. Lantana plants need insects to visit their flowers to spreadtheir pollen. Insects need the nectar that fertile plants pro-duce for food. The lantana plant uses color to directinsects to flowers full of nectar and pollen. On the first daya lantana flower blooms, the flower is yellow and it is fer-tile and ready for a visit from an insect. On the second daythe flower is orange and there is less pollen and nectar. On

the third it is red and there is no pollen or nectar at all.Insects know this and visit the yellow plants much moreoften than they visit orange or yellow flowers. This systemhelps the plant because it does not have to try to keeppollen and nectar in all of its flowers. It helps the insectbecause it does not have to spend time visiting all theflowers.

Writing

Integrated Writing TaskResponses for this task will vary, but should include thefollowing:

The main point of the article is that unnecessary risk-taking is illogical, and in its extreme forms, pathological(caused by mental illness). The speaker, however, believesthat risk-taking is sometimes necessary and can even bebeneficial.

The article states that there is a universal risk-taking per-sonality. In other words, some people take risks in all aspectof their lives. The speaker disagrees with this idea. He saysthat some people take risks in one area of their lives but notin others. He gives the example of an investment banker whomakes safe investments but who risks his life by racing

motorcycles on weekends.The article says people who take extreme risks are moti-vated by suicidal tendencies. However, the speaker thinksthat most people who take risks believe that nothing terrible

will happen to them. He gives the example of motorcycle racers who never think they will be involved in accidents.

The article says that there is no reward for taking risks. Thspeaker contradicts this idea as well. He says that for somepeople, there are physical rewards that come from chemicalssuch as adrenaline that are released when someone takesrisks. There may also be psychological rewards. According toresearch studies, risk-takers tend to be more confident andmore successful financially and socially.

Practice Test 2

Reading

Lichens

Answer Explanation1. C The author emphasizes in Paragraph 1 that lichen

can live in many environments and gives example(tropical rain forests, hot springs, mountain tops,deserts, the Arctic, Antarctica, etc.). It is true thatlichens grow in cold places (choice A), such as

Antarctica, but they also grow in hot places such atropical rain forests and hot springs. It is true thatlichens grow in remote places (B), but they alsogrow in cities. And it is true that lichens grow onrocks (D), but they also grow on other surfaces

such as farmers fenceposts.2. B The word secretemeans produce, especially, toproduce a liquid.

3. C Paragraph 2 says that lichens contribute to theprocess of weathering, which creates soil. Thisproperty enables lichens to be pioneers, accord-ing to the article, beginning the process of soilformation that allows mosses, ferns, and otherplants to later take root.

4. A Choice A best summarizes the sentence. The original sentence says that many people associate

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lichens with mosses, but that mosses are greenwhile lichens appear in many colors. Choice Bincorrectly says that many people are familiar withmosses but not with lichens. Choice C incorrectlystates that green lichens are a type of moss. ChoiceD incorrectly says that the two types of plants aredifficult to distinguish.

5. C Paragraph 3 says that acids from lichens can be

used as dyes (A). Some lichens can be used asantibiotics (B). Oils from lichens are used in per-fumes (D). There is no mention that lichens areused as human food (C), so this is the best answer.

6. A The word tangledmeans twistedor tied in knots.7. D Paragraph 5 tells us that symbiosis is a relationship

in which the two types of organisms live togetherto the benefit of both. In choice A, the mistletoebenefits, but the oak tree does not. In choice B, theremoras benefit, but there is no evidence that thesharks do. In choice C, the tiger benefits, but thegrass is not affected. In choice D, both the proto-zoa and the termites benefit because both receivenourishment, so this is the best answer.

8. D Paragraph 5 explains that the fungi protects thetender algae from direct sunlight . . . Therefore,

direct sunlight must be damaging to the algae.9. B The reference is to one organism. The sentence

means that for hundreds of years people thoughtthat this double organism was a single organism.

10. C The best answer is C because the author says that. . . if they are classified as separate species, thesefungal species that cannot live alone seem ratherstrange. There is no information in the passage tosupport choice A. Choice B is incorrect; the algaemake the food for the fungi. Choice D is alsoincorrect; paragraph 6 says that the fungi can beplaced in known families of fungi but are unlikeany species that live independently.

11. B The word splendidmeans excellent, very good.12. The new sentence should be inserted at the fourth black

square in the passage:Lichens are a partnership of two or more types ofplants, a fungus and a type of algae. If you lookat the lichen body through a magnifying glass, you

will see that it is made up of a tangled mass of fun-gal strands called hyphae. In the upper layer ofthese hyphae grow colonies of another type ofplant. These are most commonly green algaebut are sometimes blue-green algae. A fewenterprising lichens contain both.

The word bothrefers to green algae and blue-green algae.You may have thought that bothrefers to a fungus and atype of algae in the first sentence, but allalgae consist ofa fungus and an algae, not just a few enterprisinglichens.

13. Fungi:A, D, E;Algae: B, F

Choice A is a characteristic of fungi. Paragraph 5 saysThe fungus inserts threads . . . to anchor the plant inplace. Choice B is a characteristic of algae. Paragraph 6says The algal components . . . are recognizable asspecies that grow alone. Neither fungus nor algae pro-duces carbon dioxide, so choice C should not be listed.Choice D should be listed as a characteristic of fungibecause paragraph 5 says that The fungus providesmoisture and minerals for the plant. Choice E is also acharacteristic of fungi. Paragraph 6 says that The fungalcomponents . . . cannot live apart from their partners.

Choice F is characteristic of algae. Paragraph 5 says thatThe algae contain chlorophyll and synthesize sugar fromcarbon dioxide and sunlight.

The Rosetta Stone

Answer Explanation14. D Paragraph 1 tells us that The priests of the king

wrote a short history of the kings family, describedhis accomplishments, and explained his futureplans. Choice C, To present information about thecurrent ruler of Egypt, Ptolemy V, best summa-rizes this idea.

15. C The word incursionsmeans invasions, attacks,raids.

16. A The passage states, This message was written onstone tablets in demotic Egyptian for the commonpeople, in Egyptian hieroglyphs for the priests, andin Greek for the ruling class. Thus, it was written intwo languages but in three scripts. The threescripts must have been the demotic alphabet, thehieroglyphic alphabet, and the Greek alphabet.Since Greek is obviously one of the languages, thismeans that demotic Egyptian and the form ofEgyptian used by the priest must have been basi-

cally the same language written in different scripts.17. B There are two common uses of quotation marks ina passage. One is to report the exact words thatsomeone spoke or wrote. The other is to indicatethat, although something is called an X, it is notreally an X(The childs house was made of blan-kets draped over chairs.) The author uses quota-tions in the second way. The French were notreally on an extended (long) vacation in Egypt.They were trapped there because the British haddestroyed their fleet (ships) and they couldnt getback to France.

18. C The passage says that French military engineersstrengthened existing defensive positions. In theport town of Rosetta (now known as El-Rashid),the French were rebuilding an old fort when

Captain Pierre-Franois Bouchard discovered anirregularly shaped slab made of dark granite.Since Bouchard was rebuilding a fort (a strong mil-itary position), he was most probably a militaryengineer.

19. D According to the passage, people are often mis-taken about the type of stone that the RosettaStone is made of. The passage says the stone is anirregularly shaped slab made of dark granite(often misidentified as basalt) with three types of

writings on it. (Granite and basalt are types ofstone.)

20. A Bandsare lines or rows.21. A The author writes, some scholars even believed

that hieroglyphs were not really an alphabet at all

but were merely decorations. If the hieroglyphswere only decorations, then they could never betranslated.

22. B In paragraph 5, the author lists the three assump-tions made by Champollion in order to translatethe hieroglyphs. The second assumption was thatHieroglyphics served not only as symbols of

words and ideas (ideograms) but also as symbolsof spoken sounds. Therefore, choice A is one ofassumptions that Champollion used to make thetranslation. Champollions third assumption wasthat Certain hieroglyphs enclosed in ovals were

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phonetic transcriptions of pharaohs names.Choice C, therefore, is one of Champollionsassumptions. Champollions first assumption wasthat The Coptic Egyptian language, still spoken bya small group of Egyptians, was the final stage ofthe ancient Egyptian language. Champollion couldconsult with experts on Coptic Egyptian to learnabout Ptolemaic Egyptian. Choice D is one of

Champollions assumptions. Only Choice Bthatthe three messages did not have exactly the samemessagewas not given in the paragraph. (In fact,he must have assumed that the three messages didhave exactly the same meaning.)

23. D The phrase the restrefers to the rest of the hiero-glyphs on the Rosetta Stone.

24. C The main point of paragraph 6 is that Egypt wantsthe British Museum to return the Rosetta Stone tothe land where it came from. The author empha-sizes this point by quoting an expert in this field,the archaeologist and government official ZahiHawass.

25. The new sentence should be inserted at the second blacksquare in the passage:

It was through the Rosetta Stone that scholars

learned how to read Egyptian hieroglyphs. Thehieroglyphic alphabet, one of the earliest writingsystems ever developed, had been used by theEgyptians for 3,500 years. Hieroglyphic script ismostly pictorial, images of natural and man-made objects. However, it is far more complexthan simple picture writing and contains thou-sands of symbols. After Egypt was conquered bythe Romans, Latin became the dominant languageand by the fourth centuryA.D., no one couldunderstand the symbols. Before the RosettaStone was discovered, some scholars even believedthat hieroglyphs were not really an alphabet but

were merely decorations.The words Howeverand itin the second marked sentence

are the keys to the correct placement of the missing sen-tence. The second sentence says, However,while itis pic-torial, it is more complex than simple picture writing.The word itin the second sentence connects to thephrase hieroglyphic scriptin the missing sentence. Themissing sentence says that hieroglyphics is mainly picto-rial, using images of natural and man-made things assymbols. The next sentence says that, while the hiero-glyphic script is pictorial, it is more complex than simplepicture writing. This sentence is in partial contrast withthe missing sentence and therefore the word Howeverconnects these two sentences.

26. B, E, There is no information in the passage about theF British Museums response to Egypts request for

the return of the Rosetta Stone, so choice A is not agood answer. Choice B summarizes the points

made in paragraphs 4 and 5 and is one of the mainpoints of the passage. Choice C is not true.

According to paragraph 2, the Rosetta Stone wasmade of dark granite, a type of stone. Choice D is adetail provided in paragraph 2, but it is not a mainidea of the passage and does not belong in thesummary. Choice E is a summary of paragraphs 2and 3 and is a main point in the passage. Choice Fsummarizes paragraph 6 and belongs in this sum-mary outline.

Transient Lunar Phenomena

Answer Explanation27. D Choice D is best because this passage mainly

involves a description of a phenomenon (TLP) anpossible explanations of it.

28. C The wordfleetingmeans short-lived, quickly passing, transient.

29. A The phrase this mechanismrefers to the fact that

light hitting a reflective surface such as the surfacof a satellite or a cars windshield, can cause a flas(a brief, intense display of light).

30. A The author mentions Gervase because he saw aTLP many years before the era of artificial satel-lites. This weakens the theory of Raste and Maleybecause they believe that TLP are actually causedby the reflection of light from satellites.

31. B The author says, Grant claimed in an interviewthat he had seen flocks of red and white birds,herds of diminutive bison, and strange beaversthat walked on their hind legs. Not only that, buthe claimed even to have seen people with bat-like

wings who had built towers and pyramids beneaththe domes. The use of the phrase not only thatand the word even (which is often used to give asurprising or extreme example) tells us that theauthor finds the people with bat-like wings andtheir buildings the mostunbelievable of Grantsstrange sightings. (Although, in truth, they are allpretty unbelievable.)

32. A Choice A gives the essential information in theoriginal sentence. Choice B mentions the fact thatboth trained and amateur scientists watched themoon from 1968 to 1972. This information is notpart of the original sentence. (The word trainedinthe original sentence means aimed at.) Choice Csays that more TLP actually occurred from 1968 to1972; the original sentence simply says that moreTLP were seenduring that period because morepeople were looking at the moon then. Choice D i

correct as far as it goes, but does not include anessential idea from the original sentence (thatmore TLP were observed from 1968 to 1972 than iany other period).

33. C This choice is best because the author saysThough many sightings were dubious, some werhighly plausible because they were made by inde-pendent observers at different locations.

34. B Bonnie Buratti used photographs of the moontaken by the U.S. lunar mapping satelliteClementineand indeed, these images confirmedthe presence of a reddish cloud obscuring part ofthe crater.

35. D The word straymeans undirected, uncontrolled,on the loose. (Straydogs are dogs without a mas-ter that wander around on their own.)

36. C According to the passage, thermal crackingoccursas a result of a sudden change in temperature. (Arock heats up in the intense sunlight. Suddenly,

when the sun sets, the temperature drops, and thestone cracks.) The only example of this among thfour choices is C. (The cool glass is suddenly

warmed up by hot water.)37. D The paragraph tells us that The rocks might also

be shattered by moonquakes, seismic activity onthe Moon (choice A) or by meteors (choice C).

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Thermal cracking (choice B) is also given as a pos-sible reason why lunar rocks crack. There is nomention that gas pressure can cause rocks tocrack. (However, the pressure of gases trappedbeneath the surface of the Moon may be the causeof the billowing clouds sometimes seen on themoon.)

38. The new sentence should be inserted at the first black

square in the passage:And what about the billowing clouds? Manyobservers once thought that they were caused bylunar volcanoes,but today the moon is believedto have been geologically inactive for billions of

years. The most commonly held belief today isthat they are caused by pockets of gas trappedbeneath the lunar surface. The clouds may becaused by the rapid escape of these gases, whichkicks up clouds of dust. The pockets of gas maybe freed by moonquakes or the pockets may bepunctured by meteors.

The first sentence in the paragraph asks what causes thebillowing clouds. The rest of the paragraph discussestodays theory. Logically, the best place to put the missingsentencewhich discusses what people in the past

thought was the cause of the cloudsis between theintroductory question and the rest of the paragraph.

39. Theories that explain why TLP do notexist: B, E;theories that explain why TLP do exist:C, D, FChoice A is notmentioned in the passage at all. Choice Bis mentioned in paragraph 1 as a theory of Raste andMaley to explain why TLP do notexist. Choice C is givenin paragraph 4 as a theory of Zito to explain why TLP doexist. Choice D is given in paragraph 4 as a possible rea-son why TLP doexist. Choice E is given in paragraph 1 asan explanation of why TLP do notexist. Choice F is men-tioned in paragraph 2 as a theory (although a veryunlikely theory)of why TLP doexist.

ListeningAnswer Explanation

1. C Janet tells Allen, Im running for re-election forthe seat on the Student Council that belongs to theSchool of Business. But you cant vote for me,because youre in the School of Engineering.

2. C Students vote for a representative from their ownschool, for president, and for vice-president (atotal of three).

3. A, D Its clear that Janet is currently a member of theStudent Council because she says that she is run-ning for re-election. She also says Im thinkingthat next year, Ill try to get elected president.

4. A Janet says, . . . the most important thing istheCouncil gets to decide how to spend your money.Fifteen dollars from each students fees goes intothe Student Councils general fund.

5. B The idiom dont push your luckmeans youvebeen lucky so fardont try to get anything else.In other words, Allen means, Youre lucky to getme to agree to vote tomorrowdont try to get meto go to the debate tonight too.

6. D Alison asks Tony to be part of a focus group. Afocus group helps companies determine whetherto market a product or not, or which version of aproduct to market. This would therefore mostlikely be a topic in a marketing class.

7. A Alison tells Tony, . . . when you come in the class-room tomorrow, Professor Marquez will give you a

little card that tells you your vital information:your age, your occupation, how much educationyou have, that sort of thing . . . and thats the roleyou play when youre pretending to be in thisfocus group.

8. C According to Alison, an experiential focus grouphelps decide which of several versions of a productto market. In Hollywood, focus groups help film

companies decide which version of a movie torelease, so Hollywood focus groups must be expe-riential focus groups.

9. D According to Alison, Professor Marquez says that. . . that the chemistry, the, uh, interaction betweenthe moderator and the focus group is key in mak-ing sure a focus group goes well. ProfessorMarquez will probably concentrate on this interac-tion during the classroom activity.

10. B Tony says that he is free the following day but doesnot definitely agree to be part of the activity untilhe learns that the flavor of ice cream that he willbe testing the next day will be mint chocolate chip.Then he enthusiastically says, That settles it . . .Im in meaning that now he is definitely willing totake part. He must enjoy this flavor of ice cream.

11. C The lecturer says, After a while, Stowe and herhusband moved back to New England, toBrunswick, Maine. He encouraged her to write abook that showed the evils of slavery. So, Stowe

wrote Uncle Toms Cabin. . .12. C, A, Uncle Toms Cabinwas first published as a

D, B newspaper serial (in other words, a small part waspublished every day) in the National Eranews-paper in 1851. The next year, in 1852, it was pub-lished as a book and became very popular.

According to the lecture, plays based on the books(Tom Shows) appeared soon after the book waspublished. The movie came much later, in 1927.

13. B Charles Dickens is given as an example of a greatwriter of that age who also wrote about some char-

acters in a sentimental way. The professor givesthe character of Little Nell in the bookThe OldCuriosity Shopas an example.

14. B, D According to the professor, this scene was part ofGeorge Aikens play but did not appear in thebook. It was also a part of the 1927 movie, whichmay be why this scene sticks in peoples minds(is remembered).

15. Yes No

It is not strong enough in itscriticism of slavery.

It treats its characters toosentimentally.

It is not based on the authors

firsthand experiences.

It is difficult for modern readersto understand.

It is far too long and repetitive.

The first choice should be checkedYes. The pro-fessor says, . . . some Northern Abolitioniststhought that it didnt go far enough, that it paintedtoo soft a picture of slavery. The second choiceshould also be checkedYes.According to the pro-fessor, Another criticism is that Stowes treatment

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of her characters is overly sentimental, overlyemotional. The third choice should be checked

Yes as well. According to the professor, thats oneof the criticisms that Southerners directed at herthat she had no firsthand knowledge of slavery, oflife in the South, because shed never spent timethere. The fourth and the fifth choices should bechecked No. The professor does not mention these

criticisms in her lecture.16. D The professor advises the students to read UncleToms Cabin cover to coverin other words, toread every page. (She is talking about reading thenovel, not their textbook, choice B, which containsonly short selections from the novel.

17. D, B, According to the professor, all glaciers start withC, A ordinary snow.When ordinary snow melts and

refreezes several times, it becomes nv, a com-pressed form of snow. Ifnvlasts for a year, itbecomes even more compressed and forms a com-pact form of ice calledfirn. Firn, buried undermore and more snow and ice, finally becomesglacial ice.

18. C, D According to the lecture, continental glaciers aretoday found only in Greenland and Antarctica.

19. B, C A glacier may follow a V-shaped creek path down amountainside, but the rocks that it picks up on the

way round out the bottom of the valley, and theV-shaped stream bed becomes U-shaped.Therefore, choice A is notcorrect and choice C iscorrect. Also, according to the lecture, becausethey are rigid, glaciers dont take sharp cornersvery well, so their downhill paths are generallygonna be a series of gentle curves. Therefore,choice B iscorrect and choice D is not.

20. A Choice D, continental glacier, is not correct. Thelecturer tells us that a continental glacier is muchlarger than a valley glacier. Valley glaciers flowtogether to form piedmont glaciers, so piedmontglaciers must be bigger than valley glaciers.

However, tributary glaciers flow into valley gla-ciers, and therefore, must be the smallest type ofglacier.

21. Valley ContinentalGlaciers Glaciers

Today cover about 10% ofthe worlds land surface.

Flow together to formpiedmont glaciers.

As they recede, seem toflow uphill.

About 11,000 years ago,covered 30% of the

worlds land surface.

As they grow, seem to flowoutwards in all directions.

Choice A is a characteristic of continental glaciers.The professor says that the two continental gla-ciers in existence today, in Greenland and

Antarctica, cover 10% of the earths land surface.Valley glaciers flow together to form piedmont gla-ciers, so choice B is a characteristic of valley gla-ciers. So is choice C; the professor says that Whenthey recede, valley glaciers seem to be moving

uphill . . . Whats really happening is that they aremelting faster than they are adding new materi-als. Choice D is a characteristic of continental glaciers. During the last Ice Age, around 11,000 yearsago, continental glaciers covered much of thenorthern hemisphere and about 30% of the landsurface of the earth. Choice D is also a characteristic of continental glaciers. The professor says a

continental glacier moves out in all directionsfrom the glaciers central point.22. A The danger mentioned by the professor is that

global warming may cause glaciers to melt andthat this will cause the level of oceans to rise.

23. C This passage mainly deals with the four stages ofthe business cycle.

24. B The professor says that these terms are the onesmost commonly used these days, implying that, inthe past, other terms were more common.

25. Yes No

They vary in length from cycleto cycle.

They are measured from the peakof economic activity to the trough,the lowest point of economicactivity.

They vary in intensity from cycleto cycle.

They have involved deeperrecessions in recent years becauseof globalization.

They are sometimes calledfluctuationsbecause they areirregular.

The first choice should be checkedYes. The pro-fessor says no business cycle is exactly the same.They vary in length, for example. The second

choice is not a valid choice. Cycles are measuredfrom peak to peak, according to the professor, notfrom peak to trough. CheckNo. Choice C, howeveshould be checkedYes because, when a studentasks the professor about this, he says, Youre righthey do vary in intensity. You should checkNo forthe fourth choice. Some economists in the 1990sthought that globalization prevented downturns ibusiness in the U.S.which turned out to befalsebut there is no indication in the lecture thaglobalization makes recessions worse. The lastchoice is also mentioned in the lecture. The pro-fessor says, In fact, they are so irregular in lengththat some economists prefer to talk about busines

fluctuationsrather than a business cycle. Checkthe last choiceYes.

26. A, B One depression occurred in the 1870s and one,the Great Depression, occurred during the 1930s.

27. D According to the professor, What they usually dois, the government . . . the Central Bank, really . . .manipulates the money supply.

28. A The professor says, Today, though, its no longerconsidered a valid theory. Still, you have to admit,its an interesting one.

29. A The professor says that most people think of sci-ence fiction as a contemporary type of film but infact, some of the earliest films were science fiction

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films. She gives as an example George Mliss filmA Voyage to the Moon.

30. D According to the lecture, the 1926 film Metropolis. . . was set a hundred years in the future, in the

year 2026.31. C The professor says that the movie Them!was

about giant ants that had been affected by radia-tion from nuclear weapon tests. She says that there

were many other movies about big bugs (insects)that had been radiated.

32. A, C The professor tells the class that her favoritemovie, Forbidden Planet, is based on WilliamShakespeares playThe Tempest. It also makes useof ideas from the theories of the famous psycholo-gist Sigmund Freud.

33. B What the professor finds interesting about ETisthat, unlike most movies about visitors from space,this one features a friendly, smart, likeable alien.

34. B The professor says, Then, uh, unfortunately, wejust have time for a few quick scenes from myfavorite, Forbidden Planet. She is sorry that they

wont have time to watch more of the movieForbidden Planet.

SpeakingIndependent Speaking Tasks

Answers for these two tasks will vary.

Integrated Speaking TasksAnswers for these tasks will vary, but should include thefollowing:3. The woman thinks this is a great program. The man agrees

that it is a good program for her, but says that it doesnthelp him. Thats because it affects only first-year students,and he is a second-year student. The woman mentionsthat he can buy a low-cost laptop computer through thisprogram, but he says that he already bought one last year.He does agree that laptop computers are important forstudents.

4. The reading discusses the general concept of utopiancommunities. According to the reading, some people inthe nineteenth century believed they could reform societyby creating cooperative communities. The reading givesthe general characteristics of a utopian community:(1) They were isolated from the surrounding communities.(2) They had experimental societies. (3) They usuallylasted only a short time.

The speaker looks at one specific example of a utopiancommunity, Brook Farm. Brook Farm was the mostfamous of utopian communities. It fit the general charac-teristics of a utopian community. For one thing, it was iso-lated geographically. Although the location today is insuburban Boston, at the time it was founded it was in thecountryside. It had an unusual economic structure. People

who lived there traded 300 days of work a year for theirroom and board. Also, there was equality of the sexes,

which was unusual at that time. Brook Farm, like mostutopian communities, lasted only a short time. It closedafter six years as a result of financial problems, disease,and a fire.

5. Nancys problem is that she has noisy neighbors and can-not study or sleep at home. (They are musicians and theypractice their music at home.) She has spoken to herneighbors several times but they continue to make noise.The man suggests that she contact the police, but Nancysays she doesnt really like that idea. Besides, they are not

the only neighbors in her building who are noisy. The manthen suggests that she move, perhaps to his building,

which is quieter.Test-takers who think the first solution is best might

point out that these noisy neighbors should be taught alesson, that they might not be so noisy in the future ifNancy called the police. They might also say that, sinceNancy is not the one who is causing the problem, she is

not the one who should have to move.Test-takers who support the second idea might pointout that this might be a good option because she does not

want to get her neighbors in trouble with the police.Because her building is noisy in general, she might be bet-ter off moving to a quieter location such as the mansbuilding, where she could study and sleep.

6. Before 1953, hurricanes did not have names. After that, thestorms were given female names. Beginning in 1979, maleand female names began to alternate. No names begin

with the letters Q, U, X, Y, and Z, so there are only twenty-one names in each list. There are six lists of names that areused over and over. However, when a storm is very bad, itsname is retired and another name is added to the list forthat year. If there are ever more than twenty-one namedstorms in one year, then hurricanes are named after Greek

letters.

Writing

Integrated Writing TaskResponses for this task will vary, but should include thefollowing:

The main point of the article is that eco-tourism is a posi-tive form of development. On the other hand, the speakersays that, like all forms of development, eco-tourism hasgood points and bad points.

The article says that eco-tourism blocks the developmentof other types of development, such as logging and manufac-turing. The speaker agrees that eco-tourist development maybe better than other types of development, including thedevelopment of facilities for ordinary tourists. However, she

says that there is development, especially road-building, insensitive areas.

The article says that an area that is visited by eco-touristsis a resource and that both the government and the localpopulation will be interested in preserving it. The speakerpoints out that just because an area is protected does notmean that it is not exploited, and that roads make exploita-tion easier.

In the article, the author explains that eco-tourism pro-vides jobs and better conditions for the locals. The speakersays that yes, jobs are provided, but they are generally verypoor jobs, and sometimes people from outside the area takethe better jobs. Also, there is the problem of cultural pollu-tion. Isolated people are brought too quickly into the worldof western technology.

In summary, the article emphasizes only the positive sideof eco-tourism, saying that everyone benefits, but the speakerpoints out that eco-tourism also has its negative aspects.

Independent Writing TaskResponses will vary.

140 Practice Test 2

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Answer Key - Practice Test 2