ANSWERS & EXPLANATION GEOGRAPHY FULL TEST-01

Q 1.B India is bounded by the Himalayas in the north, Hindukush and Sulaiman ranges in the northwest, Purvachal hills in the north-east and by the large expanse of the Indian ocean in the south, it forms a great geographic entity known as the Indian subcontinent. It includes the countries — Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India. Q 2.C Damodar River is known as the "sorrow' of West Bengal as it used to flood many areas of Bardhaman, Hooghly, Howrah and Medinipur districts. The Damodar River flows through a rift valley lying between plateaus of Chotanagpur and Hazaribag in the north and Ranchi in the south Q 3.B The western coastal plains is widest in the north. Q 4.B Tilaiya Dam is located on Barakar River (Jharkhand) Hirakud Dam located on Mahanadi River( Odisha) Koyna Dam is on Koyna River, tributary of Krishna River (Maharashtra) Q 5.D India’s tiger population jumped 30% in four years. The figure rose from 1706(2010) to 2226 (2014) The largest tiger reserve by area is 3,568 km2 (1,378 sq mi) Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Hence Statement 3rd is incorrect. Q 6.B The Himalayas are the mountain ranges that extend between the Indus and Brahmaputra river. The mountains extending from Pamir plateau to Indus river are known as Karakoram. Q 7.D All the statements are correct except 4th because Dugong inhabit shallow waters& feed on sea grasses. Q 8.A The river in their lower course split into numerous channels due to deposition of silt,these channels are known as Distributaries. For example Hoogly is western most distributary of Ganga river. In the lower course, due to gentle slope, the velocity of the river increases which results in the formation of riverine islands. Q 9.B The laterite soils develop in areas with high temperature and high rainfall. These are the result of intense leaching due to tropical rains. With rain, lime and silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind. Humus content of the soil is removed fast by bacteria that thrives well in high temperature. These soils are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate and calcium, while iron oxide and potash are in excess. Hence, laterites are not suitable for cultivation; however, application of manures and fertilisers are required for making the soils fertile for cultivation.

ANSWERS & EXPLANATION

GEOGRAPHY FULL TEST-01 –

NATIONAL DEFENCE INSTITUTE | GEOGRAPHY FULL TEST-01 ANSWER KEY 1

Q 10.A Deccan plateau is the highest along its western edge and gently slopes towards the east. The north-western part of the Deccan plateau is known as the Deccan Trap. Q 11.C Narmada and Tapi river flows through hard rocks, thus they do not have sufficient sediments to form deltas. And other western ghat’s west flowing rivers also do not have sufficient sediments. Statement 3 is wrong because Arabian branch causes lot of rainfall on west coastal plains, thus making it wetter than eastern coastal plains. Q 12.A Most of western Haryana is semi-desert and accounts for low rainfall, whereas rainfall in north-eastern part of Haryana is relatively high. Haryana is located in the northwest India between 27 degree 37' to 30 degree 35' latitude and between 74 degree 28' to 77 degree 36' longitude Q 13.D Monsoon in India is essentially pulsating in nature, i.e., they occur in wet spells of few days duration at a time. Q 14.D The Kankar layer of Arid soil contains Calcium content. Excessive irrigation with dry climatic conditions promotes capillary action, which results in the deposition of salt on the top layer of the soil. This increases the salinity and makes the soil infertile. In such areas farmers are advised to add gypsum to solve the problem of salinity in the soil. Q 15.A A few Andaman and Nicobar islands are volcanic in origin. However, most of them are believed to be an elevated portion of submarine mountains. Q 16.D Q 17.A Gomti and Kosi rivers are left bank tributary of Ganga. Q 18.A Kalol and Ankaleshwar oil fields are in Gujarat. Mangla is in Rajasthan. Mumbai High is in Maharashtra. Q 19.B No-tillage farming is planting without removing the existing plant cover and previous crop residues. No-till is an agricultural technique which increases the amount of water and organic matter (nutrients) in the soil and decreases erosion. Minimum tillage farming is shallow ploughing only to the depth needed to ensure quick seed germination and leaving crop residues and ground litter to protect the soil. A mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of an area of soil. Its purpose is any or all of the following: to conserve moisture, to improve the fertility and health of the soil, to reduce weed growth. Q 20.C Black Soil/Regur Soil is found in the Deccan Plateau & parts of Andhra & Tamil Nadu. Hence 1st Statement is correct. Black Soil swells when sticky & wet & shrinks when dry(develops cracks that aids in self-ploughing) – this unique characteristic of Black Soil i.e. slow absorption & less moisture helps it to retain the moisture for a long time & aids in cultivation of rain-fed crops even in dry season.Hence, 2nd Statement is incorrect.


Q 21.B Isohyte and Isohaline definition is reversed in the question. Q 22.C Mangroves are woody plants and shrub that inhabit the upper intertidal zones of saltwater areas, primarily in tropical and subtropical coastal regions within 30° of the equator. Protects the coast from erosion, storm surges, tsunamis ,etc. due to the massive & strong root system of the Mangrov Forests. Hence, 2nd Statement is incorrect. Sundarbans is the only & largest mangrove tiger land on the globe Q 23.C Gharials are predominantly a fish eater & harmless to humans.Hence, Statement 3rd is incorrect, rest all are correct. Q 24.A Gujarat has a coastline of 1600 km which is the longest coastline in India. The tropic of cancer divides the country into almost two equal halves and not exactly two equal halves. Q 25.C Statement 2 is wrong. Black soils are rich in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina. They also contain potash. But they lack in phosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter. Other statements are correct. Q 26.A Nallamalla Hills- Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Javadi Hills- Northern Tamil Nadu. Shevaroy Hills- Near Salem in Tamil Nadu. Cardamom Hills- southeast Kerala and southwest Tamil Nadu. Q 27.C “A delta typically should have enough sediment to counter ocean energy. But if you stop bringing in sediment, eventually the ocean will win." A proliferation of large dams that starve deltas of sediment, groundwater mining that causes land compaction, and artificial levees that affect river courses, have been responsible for the subsiding of major Indian deltas including Ganga-Brahmaputra, Krishna-Godavari, Brahmani and Mahanadi Q 28.D Q 29.B Peninsular rivers like Narmada and Tapi do not have their origin in Western Ghats. Q 30.B Laterites and Lateritic soil:are rich in iron and aluminium & suitable for tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona, coconut and suitable for rice and millet cultivation if manure are added. Black soil ideal for cotton crop, for growing cereals, oilseeds, citrus fruits and vegetables, tobacco and sugarcane. Therefore, Statement2 is incorrect. In India though Arabica is widely grown but Robusta is also grown. The harvest of Arabica takes place between November to January, while for Robusta it is December to February. Therefore, Statement 3 is incorrect. Q 31.C In India, only Damodar and Narmada flows through rift valley.


Q 32.A Absence of meanders is one of the characteristics of Peninsular river. Rivers like Mahanadi discharge into the Bay of Bengal. Q 33.C Luni is the largest river system of Rajasthan, west of Aravali. It originates near Pushkar in two branches- Sabarmati and Saraswati, which join with each other at Govindgadh. From here the river comes out to be Luni. An ephemeral water body is a wetland, spring, stream, river, pond or lake that only exists for a short period following precipitation. They are not the same as intermittent or seasonal waterbodies, which exist for longer periods, but not all year round. Luni river system is one of them. Q 34.D Q 35.D An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Laws of Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles (nmi) from its coast. Nautical mile is a non- SI unit.1 nautical mile is about 1.8 kms. Q 36.A Laterite soils are commonly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and the hilly areas of Orissa and Assam. They are not found in Uttar Pradesh. Other 2 pairs are correct. Q 37.A

Nilgiri is just above Anna malai. Satpura is just above Ajanta hills. Vindhyas are in north

Q 38.B Arunachal Pradesh area is 83,743 km2, whereas Assam area is 79,000 km2. Arunachal Pradesh has a border with China, Myanmar, and Bhutan. Arunachal Pradesh is located between 26.28° N and 29.30° N latitude. Uttarakhand latitudinal extent is 28°43' N to 31°27' N. Q 39.D President Pranab Mukherjee on 12 January 2015 gave his assent to an ordinance that amends the Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation (MMDR) Act, 1957. The ordinance paves way for introduction of competitive bidding for allocation of mines of iron ore and other non-coal minerals. Objective of the MMDR (Amendment) Bill, 2014 • Improved transparency in the allocation of mineral resources • Obtaining for the government its fair share of the value of such resources • Attracting private investment and the latest technology • Eliminating delay in administration, so as to enable expeditious and optimum development of the mineral resources of the country Q 40.A Tropical evergreen forests are found in the western slope of the Western Ghats, hills of the northeastern region and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Uttar Pradesh has deciduous forests. Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Q 41.A Nor Westers are dreaded evening thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam. Their notorious nature can be understood from the local nomenclature of ‘Kalbaisakhi’, a calamity of the month of Baisakh. (April-May).These showers are useful for tea, jute and rice cultivation. In Assam, these storms are known as “Bardoli Chheerha”.

NATIONAL DEFENCE INSTITUTE | GEOGRAPHY FULL TEST-01 ANSWER KEY

Q 42.C Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern part of the Deccan Plateau. Along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghat, long stretch of area is occupied by red loamy soil. The soil develops a reddish colour due to a wide diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form. It is relatively less fertile and needs irrigation. It is rich in soluble salts but devoid of phosphoric acid, carbon compounds and organic matter. Q 43.A First and second statements are correct. The region gets drained by Godavari, Krishna and Penner rivers. Q 44.A Relief is simply the difference in elevation between two points. When the surface is relatively flat we say it has low relief. Conversely, mountainous regions have high relief. The relief features of the earth are be divided into three orders based on what created them and their size. First order relief features are the tectonic plates and are the largest in spatial extent. Two types of plates, continental and oceanic are differentiated by their rock and mineral composition. Thus continents and ocean basin are example of the first order relief. Second order relief features are created by plate tectonics. They are the result of plate collision or divergence. Example- Mountains system, oceanic ridges etc. Third order relief features are for the most part created by erosion and deposition of the surface as opposed to the movement of tectonic plates. Individual landforms are considered third order relief features. Q 45.D Neyveli in Tamil Nadu has lignite mines. Singarauli is in Madhya Pradesh. Singareni is in khammam district in Telangana. Talcher is in Odisha. Q 46.D Gujarat is the main producer of tobacco, cotton, and groundnuts in India. Kutch is the marshy land while the south east portion is fertile plain. Gujarat has oil and natural gas producing sites such as Kalol, Khambhat, and Ankleshwar. Q 47.D Rosewood, mahogony, aini and ebony are some of the species of evergreen forests. Sandalwood is a species of Tropical Deciduous Forests. Deodar is a species of Montane forest. Q 48.B Tamil Nadu has the largest installation of wind turbines in the country in the Muppandal-Perungudi area near Kanniyakumari with an aggregate capacity of 380mw. This is one of the largest concentrations of wind farm capacity at a single location anywhere in the world. Prospective areas of Geo-thermal energy are North-west Himalayan ranges (Puga valley in Jammu & Kashmir and Manikaran area in Himachal Pradesh), West coast running through Maharashtra and Gujarat, the Narmada-Sone valley and the Damodar valley. Q 49.B Peaty soils are found in the areas of heavy rainfall and high humidity, where there is a good growth of vegetation. Thus, large quantity of dead organic matter accumulates in these areas, and this gives a rich humus and organic content to the soil. Organic matter in these soils may go even up to 40-50 per cent. These soils are normally heavy and black in colour. At many places, they are alkaline also. It occurs widely in the northern part of Bihar, southern part of Uttaranchal and the coastal areas of West Bengal, Orissa and Tamil Nadu. Q 50.B All the three hydal projects are installed across the Chenab river.


Q 51.C Bauxite, an aluminium ore, is the world's main source of aluminium. It consists mostly of the minerals Al(OH)3 and AlO(OH). Electric power represents about 20% to 40% of the cost of producing aluminium. So cheap power availability attracts aluminium industries. Q 52.D On the basis of water drainage, Indian drainage system is divided into - Arabian sea Drainage and Bay of Bengal Drainage. They are separated from each other through the Delhi ridge, the Aravalis and Sahyadris. River system originating in the east of this system, drains in Bay of Bengal. Hence both statements are correct. Q 53.C When the rivers originate from a hill and flow in all directions, the drainage pattern is known as radial. Example- Rivers originating from Amarkantak range. Volcanoesusually display excellent radial drainage. Other geological features on which radial drainage commonly develops are domes and laccoliths. When the primary tributaries of rivers flow parallel to each other and secondary tributaries join them at right angles, the pattern is known as trellis. The old folded mountains of the Singhbhum (Chotanagpur Plateau) have a drainage of trellis pattern. When the river discharge their waters from all directions in a lake or depression, the pattern is known as centripetal. The drainage pattern resembling the branches of a tree is known as dendritic. Example- Rivers of Northern plain. Dendritic systems form in V-shaped valleys; as a result, the rock types must be impervious and non-porous. Q 54.B Tropical Deciduous Forests are the most widespread forests in India. They are called monsoon forests. Tropical evergreen forests are called evergreen because there is no definite time for the trees to shed their leaves. Statement 4 is correct. Q 55.D Both the statements are correct. Q 56.B The correct order of given biosphere reserves in the increasing order of their latitude is: Agasthyamalai (Kerala) – Nilgiri (Kerala,Tamil Nadu, Karnataka) – Simlipal (Odisha)- Nokrek (Meghalaya). Q 57.A Bangladesh shares its borders with the following states of India: 1. West Bengal 2. Assam 3. Tripura 4. Meghalaya 5. Mizoram Q 58.C The monsoon approaches the landmass in two branches: (i) The Arabian Sea branch (ii) The Bay of Bengal branch. The Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon. It also lies in the rain shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon. This is why Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during this season.


Q 59.C Q 60.C Both the statements are correct. Q 61.D Cotton is a tropical crop grown in kharif season in semi-arid areas of the country. Cotton requires clear sky during flowering stage. India ranks fourth in the world in the production of cotton after China, U.S.A. and Pakistan and accounts for about 8.3 per cent of production of cotton in the world. Cotton occupies about 4.7 per cent of total cropped area in the country. Leading producers of this crop are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana. Q 62.B India has one of the largest share of arable land. Low productivity is the prime cause of less agriculture production in India. Q 63.A Canaries were used in coal mines to detect carbon monoxide gas. The canaries react even if 0.15 per cent of CO is present in the air. Now sophisticated hand held CO detectors are used by most of the companies. But, some miners still trust the birds. Q 64.C Most of the coal deposits in India are of bituminous type. This bituminous coal was formed only during the Gondwana period. However, India also lignite formed during tertiary period. Statement three is correct. Q 65.C In Mixed Farming, equal emphasis is laid on crop cultivation and animal husbandry. Subsistence agriculture is one in which the farming areas consume all, or nearly so, of the products locally grown. E.g. is slash and burn agriculture or shifting cultivation. In Extensive Farming Commercial grain cultivation is practised in the interior parts of semi-arid lands of the mid latitudes. Wheat is the principal crop, though other crops like corn, barley, oats and rye are also grown. The size of the farm is very large,therefore entire perations of cultivation from ploughing to harvesting are mechanized. The regions where farmers specialize in vegetables only, the farming is know as truck farming. The distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance that a truck can cover overnight, hence the name truck Farming. Q 66.C Dry deciduous forest covers vast areas of the country, where rainfall ranges between 70 -100 cm. s the dry season begins, the trees shed their leaves completely and the forest appears like a vast grassland with naked trees all around. Tendu, palas, amaltas, bel, khair, axlewood, etc. are the common trees of these forests. Q 67.B Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is in Uttarakhand. Other two pairs are correct. Q 68.C Both the statements are correct. Q 69.B There is a strict procedure to determine a list of tropical cyclone names in an ocean basin(s) by the Tropical Cyclone Regional Body responsible for that basin(s) at its annual/biennial meeting. There are five tropical cyclone regional bodies, i.e. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee, WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones, RA I Tropical Cyclone Committee, RA IV Hurricane Committee, and RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee. For instance, Hurricane Committee determines a per-designated list of hurricane names for six years separately at its annual session.


The per-designated list of hurricane names are proposed by its members that include National Meteorological and Hydrological Services in the North/Central America and the Caribbean. Naming procedures in other regions are almost the same as in the Caribbean. In general, tropical cyclones are named according to the rules at a regional level. It is important to note that tropical cyclones/hurricanes are named neither after any particular person, nor with any preference in alphabetical sequence. The tropical cyclone/hurricane names selected are those that are familiar to the people in each region. Obviously, the main purpose of naming a tropical cyclone/hurricane is basically for people easily to understand and remember the tropical cyclone/hurricane in a region, thus to facilitate tropical cyclone/hurricane disaster risk awareness, preparedness, management and reduction. Q 70.D Sikkim touches the boundary of only West Bengal and Meghalaya touches the boundary of only Assam. Whereas other Indian states share boundaries with two or more Indian states. Q 71.C Thorium is not used as a nuclear fuel because India does not possess the technology to generate nuclear energy from it. Thorium is a radioactive element. Q 72.B Most of the available water is used for agriculture uses. Statement 2 is correct. Q 73.A Estuary are the regions of high tide, as high tide does not allow deposition of sediments, thus delta formation is restricted. Estuary does not have fertile lands because they are devoid of rich sediments brought by the river. Narmada and Tapi flows through rift valley and rock bed is also hard. They remains devoid of sediments and thus does not form depositories. Q 74. A

River regime refers to the volume of water flowing in a river measured over time. A river regime is the difference in the discharge of the river throughout the year. The information can easily be shown on a graph.

During the year in Britain, it would be expected that the discharge of most rivers would be greater in winter months than in the summer. River regimes will also reflect the area that they are in.

Option B is River discharge. River discharge is defined as the volume of water passing a measuring point or gauging station in a river in a given time. It is measured in cubic metres per second (cumecs).

Q 75.C Both the statements are correct Q 76.C

Eastern coastal plains are more prone to cyclones. More cyclones occur in the Bay of Bengal than in the Arabian Sea and the ratio is approximately 4:1.

The western coastal plains are an example of submerged coastal plain. It is believed that

the city of Dwaraka which was once a part of the Indian mainland situated along the west

coast is submerged under water (A coast where sediment is deposited but still the shoreline is shifting landward is called Retrograding coast.). Because of this submergence it is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Kandla, Mazagaon, JLN port Navha Sheva, Marmagao, Mangalore, Cochin, etc. are some of the important natural ports located along the west coast. Extending from the Gujarat coast


in the north to the Kerala coast in the south, the western coast may be divided into following divisions – the Kachchh and Kathiawar coast in Gujarat, Konkan coast in Maharashtra, Goan coast and Malabar coast in Karnataka and Kerala respectively.

The western coastal plains are narrow in the middle and get broader towards north and south. The rivers flowing through this coastal plain do not form any delta. The Malabar coast has got certain distinguishing features in the form of ‘Kayals’ (backwaters), which are used for fishing, inland navigation and also due to its special attraction for tourists. Every year the famous Nehru Trophy Vallamkali (boat race) is held in Punnamada Kayal in Kerala.

As compared to the western coastal plain, the eastern coastal plain is broader and is an

example of an emergent coast. There are welldeveloped deltas here, formed by the rivers

flowing eastward in to the Bay of Bengal. These include the deltas of the Mahanadi, the

Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Because of its emergent nature, it has less number of

ports and harbours. The continental shelf extends up to 500 km into the sea, which makes it difficult for the development of good ports and harbours.

Q 77.C A large level of irrigated land(Cultivable land) has lost its fertility due to alkanisation and salinity of soils ( around 8 million ha land and waterlogging ( around 7 million ha). Q 78.A In second half of October, the mercury begins to fall rapidly, particularly in northern India. The weather in the retreating monsoon is dry in north India but it is associated with rain in the eastern part of the Peninsula. Q 79.C Minicoy islands is separated from Cannanore Island by nine degree channel. Q 80.D The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India, are roughly about 30 degrees, whereas the actual distance measured from north to south extremity is 3,214 km, and that from east to west is only 2,933 km. This difference is based on the fact that the distance between two longitudes decreases towards the poles whereas the distance between two latitudes remains the same everywhere. The meridian length of 1 degree of latitude on the Earth is 111.2 km or 69 miles. Hence, none of the statements are correct. Q 81.C All the three statements are correct Q 82.C Both are correct Q 83.C Monsoon retreats fairly rapid from southern half of the peninsula and gradually from northern half. Q 84.C Shifting cultivation increases soil erosion by deforestation. Check dams reduce the velocity of water and thus its eroding power. Lands with a slope gradient of 15-25 per cent should not be used for cultivation. Q 85.C All the three pairs are correctly matched. Shimoga in Karnataka is an important source of iron ore.


Jharia in Jharkhand is famous for its high quality metallurgical coal. Manganese is obtained from Khondolite deposits in Kalahandi district in Odisha. Q 86.B In laterite soils, due to high rainfall, lime and silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind. The other two statements are correct. Q 87.D All are correct. Q 88.B Salinity, generally , increases with depth & there is a distinct zone called the ‘HALOCLINE’ where salinity increases sharply. Other factors remaining constant, increasing salinity of seawater causes its density to increase. Hence, Ist Statement is wrong. Bay of Bengal witness low salinity trend due to influx of river water whereas Arabian Sea witness high salinity due to evaporation & low influx of fresh water. Hence, Statement 2 is correct. Brackish water is salt water and fresh water mixed together. It is saltier than fresh water, but not as salty as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. Mangroves are important brackish water habitats. Q 89.B Jute is still mostly grown in the eastern states like West Bengal and lower Assam. Second statement is correct. Q 90.A The moisture content of the Western Disturbance gets augmented from the Caspian Sea in the north and Persian Gulf in the south. The Western disturbance are highly regarded as beneficial for Rabi crops in North India. Q 91.C Uranium Deposits occur in Dharwar Rocks. World’s richest monazite deposits occur in Palakkad & Kollam Districts of Kerela, Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh & Mahanadi River Delta in Orissa. Q 92.C Statement 1 and 3 are reversed. Q 93.A The given conditions are ideal for growing Tea. Rubber cultivation require a heavy rainfall of 200 to 300 cm. Jute is not grown in hill slopes. Q 94.C Maize is a food as well as fodder crop grown under semi-arid climatic conditions and over inferior soils. This crop occupies about 3.6 per cent of total cropped area in India. Maize cultivation is not concentrated in any specific region. It is sown all over India except eastern and north-eastern regions. Q 95.D The eastern states were the regions of good and heavy rainfall. This inhibited development of irrigation facilities. The size of farms is small so the advanced means of agriculture could not be practiced. Low levels of literacy and superstition obstructed introduction of new forms of agriculture and development. Q 96.C All the options are correct.


Q 97.D Pearl Millet one of the major rainfed cereal grown in semi-arid areas like Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat Groundnut-Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu Maize is a food as well as fodder crop grown under semi-arid climatic conditions over inferior soils- MP, Rajasthan,Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh Jowar main food crop in semi-arid areas of Central & Southern India Q 98.A Isohyte and Isohaline definition is reversed in the question. Q 99.B Orchard farming is a major occupations of such a climate. Patoral farming is not possible due to limited growth for vegetation and grasses in winter season. Q 100.C Both lantana and water hyacinth were brought into India as decorative garden plants. Both have now become a public menace. Lantana is sometimes also referred as ‘terror of Bengal’.

Q 101.D

National Waterway 5 connects Orissa to West Bengal using the stretch on Brahmani River, East Coast Canal,Matai river and Mahanadi River Delta. The 623 km long canal system will handle the traffic of cargo such as coal, fertilizer, cement and iron.

National Waterway 6 is the proposed waterway in Assam state and will connect Lakhipur to Bhanga in river Barak. The 121 km long waterway will help in trading between town of Silchar to Mizoram State

Q 102.C

China is the largest producer of rare earth metals. In fact, it exercises almost monopoly in this area.

The leading producers of Uranium are Kazakhstan, Canada, Australia, Namibia and Niger.

Third pair is correct. Australia is a major contributor to world supplies of bauxite and aluminium

Q 103.C

Foot loose industries can be located in a wide variety of places. They are not dependent on any specific raw material, weight losing or otherwise. They largely depend on component parts which can be obtained anywhere. Of the given industries only IT industry is a footloose industry. The other industries are generally located near the raw material source.

Q 104.C

Both the statements are true regarding the smelting process. To avoid high oxidation process takes place in low oxygen environment.

Q 105.C

Abor is a major tribe found in Arunachal Pradesh. Gaddis is a migrating/nomadic tribe of Himachal Pradesh. Lepcha is a prominent tribe of Sikkim. And Dhodia is a tribe of Goa.

Q 106.D

Both the statements are wrong. Kaladan is a river in Myanmar.

The project will include the shipping route from seaport of Kolkata in India to Sittwe seaport in Myanmar via Bay of Bengal. Then, it will include the river boat route from Sittwe seaport to Paletwa jetty via Kaladan river in Myanmar. It will then include road route from Paletwa jetty to North Eastern states in India.

Q 107.C

Both statements are true regarding remote sensing.


Q 108.A

Transhumance is a seasonal movement of people with their livestock with fixed summer and winter stations. In India it is practiced by many tribes like Bakarwalas, Gaddis, including the Bhotias of Western Himalayas. Hausa tribe is found in Savanna region of Africa. It leads a settled life in towns and cities

Q 109.D

Molasses is the only by-product obtained in the preparation of sugar through repeated crystallization. Bagasse is a fibrous residue of cane stalk that is obtained after crushing and extraction of juice. Fly Ash is the residual output from the boiler furnace after bagasse has completely burnt out. Press mud, also known as oliver cake or press cake, is the residual output after the filtration of the juice.

Question appears factual but important because all these by-products yield benefit to the industry.

Q 110.D

The Christian population is concentrated in the hill states of north-eastern India; along the western coast around Goa, Kerala; and around Chotanagpur region. Therefore, majority of the Christian population lives in rural areas. Punjab has the highest percentage of its population as Scheduled Castes (32%). Mizoram has the highest percentage of its population as Scheduled Tribes (95%).

Q 111.A

The Diamond Quadrilateral is a project of the Indian railways to establish high speed rail network in India which aims to connect the four metro cities in India, i.e. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.

This project is modeled on the lines of Golden Quadrilateral which is a roadway projectbut Diamond Quadrilateral Project doesnot focus on roadways at all. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.

High-speed train on Mumbai-Ahmedabad section will be the first bullet train corridor to be implemented in the country.

Q 112.D

All statements are correct. The Department has been awarded GOLD by the Government of India under category “Cat-I-Excellence in Government Process Re-engineering” for National Award on e-governance 2014-15. The Project marks a major step in ensuring TDS compliance through the processing of TDS returns and comprehensive data processing of TDS statements using technology driven end-to-end processes.

Q 113.B

It is in news because Government gives nod for Ordinances to amend Citizenship Act, 1955 & Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996

PIO card holders do not require a visa to visit India for a period of 15 years from the date of issue of the PIO card.

The statement 3 is wrong because only NRI has the right to acquisition of agricultural or plantation properties, but OCI been granted all rights in the economic, financial and education fields in parity with NRIs

Q 114.D

National Highways- 92,851.07 km State Highways- 1,31,899 km Major District Roads- 4,67,763 km


Q 115.D

Rural settlements in India can broadly be put into four types:

• Clustered, agglomerated or nucleated

• Semi-clustered or fragmented

• Hamleted

• Dispersed or isolated

Dispersed or isolated settlement pattern in India appears in the form of isolated huts or hamlets of few huts in remote jungles, or on small hills with farms or pasture on the slopes. Extreme dispersion of settlement is often caused by extremely fragmented nature of the terrain and land resource base of habitable areas. Many areas of Meghalaya, Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh and Kerala have this type of settlement.

Hence Option-d should be the answer.

Q 116.A

It is in news because, Former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee and late educationist Madan Mohan Malviya (posthumously) have been chosen for Bharat Ratna-country’s highest civilian award.

It is India’s highest civilian award given to citizens for their exceptional work for the advancement of art, literature

and science, and public service. In December 2011, government had changed the criteria for including sportsperson for this award thus added category for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavour.

Q 117.D

Earlier, most of the Iron Steel industries of USA were concentrated in and around Pittsburg. Hence it was called as the Iron and Steel capital of the World. However it gained the name of “Rust bowl of USA” after the Iron and Steel industry of USA moved towards the southern state of Alabama. Pittsburg area is now losing ground.

India, China, U.S.A, UK and Japan are the important Cotton textile manufacturing countries. While India, China and USA have good production of raw Cotton, UK and Japan are majorly dependent on imported yarn.

Q 118.D

Option d is incorrect because government policy is prime factor behind location of footloose industries.

Q 119.C

The IT software and services industry

account for almost 2 per cent of India’s GDP.

The IT andIT enabled business process outsourcing (ITESBPO) services are major contributor to Knowledge based industry.

Footloose industry is a general term for an industry that can be placed and located at any location without effect from factors such as resources or transport. Generally software industries only need human resource and mobile in nature.


Q 120.C

All the three statements are correct

Q 121.B

Tertiary activities are categorized into quaternary and quinary activities. The former involves collection, production, processing, and dissemination of information. For example, software developers, tax consultants etc.

Quinary activities focus on creation, re-arrangement, and interpretation of ideas. It pertains to high level decision making. Therefore, it is also called ‘gold collar’ professions. For example, business executives, research scientists etc.

Q 122.C

The committee has suggested cuts in the number of TPDS beneficiaries. It has suggested that TPDS beneficiaries be reduced to 40 per cent from the current 67 per cent and the rationed grains be priced at 50 per cent of the minimum support price paid to farmers.

Q 123.C

The Golden Quadrilateral is a highway network connecting many of the major industrial, agricultural and cultural centresof India. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect.

A quadrilateral of sorts is formed by connecting 4 Metros Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai- Hence Statement 2 is incorrect.

The GQ project is managed by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road, Transport and Highways

Q 124.D

It is in news because Bangladesh oil spill disaster threatens wildlife in Sundarbans forest

Cleanup and recovery from an oil spill is difficult and depends upon many factors, including the type of oil spilled, the temperature of the water (affecting evaporation and biodegradation), and the types of shorelines and beaches involved.

Methods for cleaning up include

Bioremediation Controlled burning Dispersants Dredging Skimming Solidifying Vacuum and centrifuge Beach Raking

Q 125. D


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ANSWERS & EXPLANATION GEOGRAPHY FULL TEST-01