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SATURDAY, MAY 24, 2008

ANSYS Tips and Hints

Coordinate System (Work Plane) in ANSYS:

There are three kinds of coordinate systems in ANSYS:

Global Cartesian Coordinate system Global Cylindrical Coordinate System Global Spherical Coordinate system

By default, Global Cartesian Coordinate System is active. To change the coordinate system to Cylindrical coordinate system, from Menu click WorkPlane -Global Cylindrical.

Then from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling - Create - Keypoints - In Active CS (Global Cylindrical).

If you want to return to the Global Cartesian, from Menu click WorkPlane - GlobalCylindrical.

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1). To create a cube (1x1x1), from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling -Create - Volumes - Block - By 2 Corners & Z. Enter X = 0, Y = 0, Width = 1, Height = 1, and Depth = 1. Click OK.

2). To create a cylinder on front face of the cube, use Cylinder - Solid Cylinder. But it is impossible to create the cylinder in the default coordinate system. We need to create a new coordinate system. Therefore we have to offset the work plane in Z direction 1 unit. To do this, from Menu click WorkPlane Offset WP by Increments...




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3). Offset WP window appears.

In X, Y, Z Offsets box enter 0,0,1 and click OK.

Now the coordinate system is moved 1 unit in Z direction.


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4). Now to create the cylinder, from Main Menu click Preprocessor - Modeling -Create - Volumes - Cylinder - Solid Cylinder. Enter X = 0.5, Y = 0.5, Radius = 0.25, and Depth = 1 and click OK.

The cylinder is created in new coordinate system.

To return the coordinate system to its initial location, from Menu click WorkPlane -Offset WP to - Global Origin.

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Global Cartesian Coordinate System:

Global Cylindrical Coordinate System:A cylindrical coordinate system is a three-dimensional coordinate system that specifies point positions by the distance from a chosen reference axis, the direction from the axis relative to a chosen reference direction, and the distance from a chosen reference plane perpendicular to the axis.

Global Spherical Coordinate system:

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A spherical coordinate system with origin O, zenith direction Z and azimuth axis A. The point has radius r = 4, inclination θ = 70°, and azimuth = 130°.

An alternate spherical coordinate system, using elevation from the reference plane instead of inclination from the zenith. The point has radius r = 4, elevation θ = 50°, and azimuthφ= 130°. The system above is an example of aleft-handed coordinate system.

=========================================================LS, 1: To inquire the axial stress in a bar element, use LS, 1'For a two-node beam element, ‘N M I S C , 1’ a n d ‘NMISC,3’ are associated with the maximum (I) a n d e n d i n g n o d e (J), respectively; and ‘NMISC,2’ NMISC,4’ the minimum bending stresses at nodes Iand J, respectively.

Variables NMISC for a beam element

Plane Stress:

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یديهش بيطخ راشاي - YASHAR KHATIB SHAHIDI

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This deals with stretching and shearing of thin object loaded in the plane of itslargest dimensions such as thin slab, thin beam, spur gear tooth. This simulatesthin geometries that have no forces acting normal to the section plane. Thisoption also assumes that no stresses develop normal to the section plane. Someexamples include thin plates and snap-fit clips.

In plane stress problems, sometimes the thickness of the component is not given (t = ?). And requires to be calculated (e.g, Seat belt). To solve this problem, inANSYS we assume that the thickness is 1 unit by selecting plane stress option. F= 120 Kg

After solving the problem, by finding the value of Von mises stress and knowing the Yield stress of the material the thickness can be calculated. t = (Von MisesStress)/(Yield Stress) = 559/450 = 1.24 mm

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Plane Strain:The plane strain model simulates thick geometries that extend long distances away from the 2D plane. The assumptions with this simplification model are that there are no forces acting normal to the section plane. Another assumption is that no strains develop normal to the 2D plane. Examples of where one could use theplane strain simplification would be for dams under water pressure loading, sheet rolling, and tunnels under pressure.

Understanding Degrees of Freedom:Constrain structure to prevent rigid body motion. Restrict motion in non-desireable directions. For finite element analysis (FEA) users, it's important to keep in mind that some types of elements might not transmit all types of loads through their nodes. For example, two structural beam elements connected together behave like a fully welded connection because the beam elements will transmit three forces (axial and two shears) and three moments (torsion and two bending). However, a beam element connected to a truss element behaves like a pinned joint because the truss element can only transmit axial forces. The concept of what forces are transmitted and consequently what loads and restraints can be applied is known as degree of freedom (DOF).

The DOF is important to understand in determining how loads can be applied, how boundary conditions restrain the model and how different element types need to be connected together. A translational DOF indicates that forces are transmitted through the nodes and a rotational DOF indicates that moments aretransmitted through the nodes.

DOFs for common structural element types:Element Degrees of Freedom Truss translation in X, Y, Z

Beam translation in X, Y, Z; rotation in X, Y, Z

2-D translation in Y, Z

Brick translation in X, Y, Z

Plate translation in X, Y, Z; Two in-plane rotation DOFs

=====================================================TRUSS: In architecture and structural engineering, a truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose

ends are connected at joints referred to as nodes. External forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in themembers which are either tensile or compressive forces. Moments (torques) areexplicitly excluded because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolutes. A planar truss is one where all the members and nodes lie within a two dimensional plane, while a space truss has members and nodes extending into three dimensions.Revolutes: A revolute joint (also called pin joint or hinge joint) is a one degree of freedom kinematic pair used in mechanisms. Revolute joints provide single-axis rotation function used in many places such as door hinges, folding mechanisms, and other uni-axial rotation devices.

=================================================Beam: A beam is a horizontal structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. The bending force induced into the material of the beam as a result of the external loads, own weight, span and external reactions to these loads is called a bending moment.Beams are characterized by their profile (the shape of their cross-section), their length, and their material. In contemporary construction, beams are typically made of steel, reinforced concrete, or wood. One of the most common types of steel beam is the I-beam or wide-flange beam (also known as a "universal beam" or, for stouter sections, a "universal column"). This is commonly used in steel-frame buildings and bridges. Other common beam profiles are the C-channel, the hollow structural section beam, the pipe, and the angle.

Beams are also described by how they are supported. Supports restrict lateral and/or rotational movements so as to satisfy stability conditions as well as to limit the deformations to a certain allowance. A simple beam is supported by a pin support at one end and a roller support at the other end. A beam with a laterally and rotationally fixed support at one end with no support at the other end is called a cantilever beam. A beam simply supported at two points and having one end or both ends extended beyond the supports is called an overhanging beam.Internally, beams experience compressive, tensile and shear stresses as a result of the loads applied to them.

=================================================How to distinguish between Beam and Truss:

JOINTS: pinned vs. welded Load Carrying Capacity: two-force members (axial load only) vs. bending/shear members Choose a beam, if the member is not straight or if there are connections between the ends

=================================================

Symmetry:

Geometry model, Loading conditions, and boundry conditions relating to a line or around an axis must have equal conditions.

To apply GRAVITY in ANSYS:

Loads - Define Loads - Apply - Structural - Inertia - Gravity - GlobalIn gravity mode density of the material in component needs to be defined.

To define second material peoperties for the second component:

Material (Define Material Model Behavior) - New Model ... - OK

Material Attribute change from material 1 to material 2:

The default material attribute is the material properties which is defined in firstmaterial attribute 1. To change the material attribute 1 to material attribute 2:Meshing - Mesh Attributes - Default Attributes - Meshing Attributes - Select the second material properties

Assembly of two components:

The top component (Cylinder) press the bottom plate cause a displacement. This will apply a force downward. When top part applys a pressure on a plate vertically by moving downward for example -0.1 inch, in Apply U, ROT on Nodes window, UY = 0 and Displacement value is -0.1 inch.

===========================================================Boundary conditions in Axisymmetric problems:ANSYS will automatically apply the Axisymmetric Boundary Conditions along the Y-Axis. However, we must apply the symmetry Boundary conditions along the upper edge of the model (X-Axis). To apply boundary conditions along X-Axis:Solution - Define Loads - Apply - Structural - Displacement - Symmetry B.C. -Onlines - Select the Line which lies along the X-Axis - OK.

===========================================================Complex Loadings:

Applying distributed load on number of nodes: If distributed load F is applied on n number of nodes, then the value of load is: +- F(Kg)*9.81(m/s^2)/n.

Pin Connection: In this kind of connection UX = UY = 0 (Translational degrees of freedom along x and y axis iz zero but can rotate around Z axiz (MZ is not zero).Creating Hard Point: Sometimes when meshing, a node required to be positioned in exact coordinate which does not exist. Therefore, we need to create a hard point. Also, It is to create the exact location of the load on the line before meshing:Modeling - Create - Keypoints - Hard PT on line - Hard PT by coordinate.

Important: The line on which a non-distributed load is applied does not need to be meshed (Above pic).To mesh the line on which a non-distributed load is applied after The Element size on Picked Lines window appeared insert the value of 1 unit in NDIV No. of element divisions box (Below pic).

Applying uniform distributed load on a line:Define loads - Apply - Structural - Pressure - On lines (always on line) - Pick theline on which the load is applied. When The Apply PRES on lines window appears, enter the value in VALUE Load PRES box. For example for a distributed force of 800 Kg/m, first of all the final unit is N/mm. Therefore, 800*9.81/1000.

Applying non-uniform distributed load on a line:Define Loads - Apply - Structural - Pressure - On Beams. Then select the line on which the load is applied. Apply PRES on Beams window appears. For example, value of 500*9.81/1000 in Pressure value at node I and 1100*9.81/1000 in Pressure value at node J.

From above pic it can be seen that the non-uniform distributed load is located 500mm from left and 1250mm from right. Therefore, The values of 500mm and 1250mm are entered respectively, in Offset from I node and Offset from J node. And then click on OK.

===========================================================Beam Analysis with standard cross section:

Element type: Beam - 2 node 188 (BEAM188). It is 3D model and has two nodes (I,J). Each node has 6 degrees of freedom. To define the specifications for this type of elements we need to go to sections.

Sections - Beams - Common sections. Beam Tool window appears.

By clicking on Sub-Type section there are different kinds of sections.

If you click on the Preview button you will see the defined cross section.

The model of beam in ANSYS:

To view the beam in 3D style: Plot Ctrls - Style - Size and Shape...

Then Size and Shape window appears. Activate the Display of element. Then click OK.

Then from Plot menu select Elements.

The beam is displayed in 3D.

Pin support in 3D beams: UX = UY = UZ = 0, and ROTX = ROTZ = 0Roller support: UY = UZ = 0, and ROTX = ROTZ = 0

===========================================================

In above example the force is applied to the centre of the beam but sometimes the force is not applied to the centre and therefore cause torsion (moment).

Element type: Beam - 2 node 188 (BEAM188)

After defining the cross section of the beam in sections, the offset to section iscentroid which indicates the load point.

Open offset to menu and select Location.

Posted by Yashar khatib shahidiat 12:26 PMLabels: ANSYS

Offset-Y and Offset-Z boxes appears. In this problem the offset-Y and Offset-Z is0,0.

Before applying load, it is better to display the model in 3D. PlotCtrls - Style -Size and Shape - Size and shape window appears. Activate Display of element -Click OK.

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