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www.cst.com | Mar-10
Antenna and
Antenna Array Simulation
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Antenna simulation
Different solvers for different antennas
Antenna array simulation
Small arrays
Feed networks
Large arrays
Active element pattern
Online demo
Outline
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Antenna simulation
Different solvers for different antennas
Antenna array simulation
Small arrays
Feed networks
Large arrays
Active element pattern
Online demo
Outline
www.cst.com | Mar-10
A small selection...
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Different antenna types require different
solver technologies.
Antenna Simulation
www.cst.com | Mar-10
PBA meshing
Broadband
Linear memory
GPU acceleration
Transient Solver
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Frequency Solver
Single frequency
Electrically Small
Tetrahedral mesh
Multiple ports
8 balun fed
dipoles
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Integral Equation Solver
Surface mesh
(Iterative) MOM
MLFMM method
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Antenna simulation
Different solvers for different antennas
Antenna array simulation
Small arrays
Feed networks
Large arrays
Active element pattern
Online demo
Outline
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Small arrays
Large arrays
Antenna Arrays
www.macomtech.com/Markets/AerospaceDefensewww.navsys.com/Products/hagr.htm
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Small Arrays / /
1
1
2
2
33
44
5
5
66
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Distributed Computing (DC)
inte
rconnecti
on
netw
ork
Multiple ports, frequency points, and parameter values.
CST STUDIO SUITE™
frontend
Port 1
Port 2
Port 3
Port 4
Port 5
Port 6
Port 7
/ /
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Simultaneous excitation one simulation,
one combined farfield.
Combine results multiple simulations,
any combination of farfields.
Multiple Element Excitation
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Array Feeding Networks
Full simulation CST DS
/
www.cst.com | Mar-10
1. Simulate full array.
2. Simulate unit cell.
Large Arrays /
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Most elements have the same pattern.
Edge elements have less influence.
Infinite Array
Edge elements
Interior elements
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Single element multiplied by array factor
good approximation of large finite array
behaviour.
Infinite Array
Array Factor
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Farfield Array
Main lobe steered to 45°Main lobe steered to 30°Main lobe steered to 0°
25 x 25
Array Factor
Array Factor
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Scan blindness!
“Active element pattern”
Unit cells coupling to Floquet port modes.
Infinite Array
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Active Element Pattern
Total reflection at 45 degrees
No radiation at 45 degrees
0D Template Based
Post processing macro
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Finite Array Analysis
5 5
15 15
25 25
infinite
Finite array results infinite array results
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Antenna simulation
Different solvers for different antennas
Antenna array simulation
Small arrays
Feed networks
Large arrays
Active element pattern
Online demo
Outline
www.cst.com | Mar-10
CST Array Wizard
www.cst.com | Mar-10
Summary
Complete Technology is essential for array design!
Multiple numerical methods
Specialized technology
Robust imports and meshing
Acceleration features
Integrated post-processing
System level capabilities
Automation/Scripting capabilities
Coupling between solvers
