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Detailed discription of anthropometry
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Study on human body dimensions-
Height, length, breadth, depth, strength, speed and
range of motions.
ANTHROPOMETRY
Reference: 16, pp. III-79; NASA-STD-3000 261 (Rev A)
Figure: Anatomical and Anthropometric Landmarks
Static Anthropometry
Taken when human body is in rigid standardized body
positions.
* Sitting position
* Standing position
ANTHROPOMETRY
Dynamic Anthropometry
Taken when human body is in motion.
* Strength
* Speed
* Range of motions.
ANTHROPOMETRY
STANDING
Height: The Vertical distance from the floor to the
top of the head; subject stands erect, looking straight
ahead.
Application: Designing of doors, passageways,
personal protective equipment, etc.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
STANDING
Eye height: Vertical distance from the floor to the
outer corner (external canthus) of the eye, subject
standing erect and looking straight ahead.
Application: Workspace Layout; Equipment design: for
optimum vision range of workspace, design of control
panel.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
STANDING
Waist height: The vertical distance from the
standing surface to the waist landmark. The subject
stands erect and looks straight ahead.
Application: Sizing of clothing and PPE;
workspace layout; equipment design, height of work
surface for standing operation.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
STANDING HEIGHT
Elbow: Most proximal point of the olecranon-tip ofthe ulna
Application: Workspace layout; equipment design,
control positioning at work surface for standing
operation.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
BREADTHS, DEPTHS AND LENGTHS
(Horizontal distances between two points)
Span: Maximum horizontal distance between the middle fingertips when both the arms are stretched out fully sideways perpendicular to the trunk.
Span akimbo: Maximum horizontal distance between the tips of the elbows when both the upper arms are stretched out sideways perpendicular to the trunk and the elbows are fully flexed so that the tips of the middle finger of both the hands touch each other.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
BREADTHS, DEPTHS AND LENGTHS
(Horizontal distances between two points)
Maximum body breadth, relaxed: maximum horizontal distance across the body including arms hanging relaxed at sides.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
SITTING
Height: The vertical distance from the sitting
surface to the top of the head. The subject sits
erect, looking straight ahead, with upper arms
vertical at sides, forearm extended horizontally and
knees and ankles right angles.
Application: Distance between the seat
surface and any overhead structure
or object of the seated operator.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
SITTING
Eye height: The vertical distance from the sitting
surface to the outer corner (external canthus) of the
eye. The subject sits erect and looks straight ahead,
with upper arms vertical at sides, forearm extended
horizontally and knees and ankles forming right
angles.
Application: Workspace layout; control panel.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
SITTING
Knee height: The vertical from the floor to the
uppermost point on the knee. The subject sits erect
with knees and ankles at right angles.
Application: Distance between the floor, footrest
or foot control and the derside of a table etc.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
SITTING
Popliteal height (seat height): Vertical distance from floor
to underside of the thigh just behind the knee; subject
sitting erect with knees and ankles at right angles and
with underside of lower thigh and back of knees clearly
touching the seating surface.
Application: Workspace layout, seat height design.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
SITTING
Lumbar height: Vertical distance from seat surface to
maximum inward deflection of the vertebral column;
subject sitting erect with upper arms vertical at sides
and forearms extended horizontally.
Application: Back support for a seated operator.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
SITTING
Elbow height: The vertical distance from the sitting surface to the bottom of the elbow. The subject sits erect with his upper arms hanging relaxed and forearm at right angle to upper arm.
Application: Design of armrest of a chair.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
SITTING
Thigh clearance: The vertical distance from the sitting
surface to the highest point on the thigh. The subject
sits erect with knees and ankles at right angles.
Application: Distance between the seat surface
and the underside of a worktable, steering wheel etc.
STATIC ANTHROPOMETRY
Graph representing the density function of the Normal probability
distribution is also known as a Normal Curve or a Bell Curve.
USE OF PERCENTILE DATA
PERCENTILE
“Percentiles are the statistical values of a distribution of variables transferred into a hundred scale”
Or
If 100 men are lined up from least to greatest in any respect, percentiles are values corresponding to each man
USE OF PERCENTILE DATA
PERCENTILE
p = m + k * S
p = percentile
m = mean
k = factor
S = Std deviation
USE OF PERCENTILE DATA
Dynamic Anthropometrics - Reach
Reach envelope (kinetosphere) influenced by:
• Posture: sitting to standing.
• Foot base: increased reach with increased
foot base.
• Weight in hands: heavy weight decreases
reach.
Structural
Anthropometric
Data
- skeletal dimensions: between
anatomical landmarks
- contour dimensions: skin surface
- vary due to age, sex, ethnicity
Functional
Anthropometric
Data
- extremities: reaches, lengths
- trunk: rotation, angle
- hands: functional movements
Newtonian
Anthropometric
Data
- body segment mass
- forces that can be exerted in different
tasks/postures
Types of Anthropometric Data
Functional Anthropometry
Static anthropometry applied to ranges
Clearance:
Minimum value to ensure there is enough space for the
user, eg, knee room when seated at a work point.
Generally 95th percentile value.
Reach:
Maximum value to ensure users can reach, eg, location
of objects on a work surface. Generally 5th percentile
value.
Range:
Adjustable range to suit a range of ideal user
preferences, eg chair height. Generally 5th – 95th
percentile range