Anti Carnapping Law

7/26/2019 Anti Carnapping Law

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Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972

Elements of carnapping

Carnappingis defned as the taking, with intent to gain, o a motor vehicle belonging toanother without the latter's consent, or by means o violence against or intimidation opersons, or by using orce upon things.Republic Act o. !"#$, %ec. & (here is no

arguing that the anti)carnapping law is a special law, di*erent romthecrimesorobberyand thetincluded in the Revised +enal ode.(he anti)carnapping lawparticularly deals with the thet and robbery o motor vehicles.+eople vs. (an, -.R. o.#"$/0, & 1anuary &/// (he elements o the crime o carnapping are2+eoplevs. Ro3as, -.R. o. 4&!/0, 4 August &//

. (hat there is an actual taking o the vehicle5

6nlawul taking, or apoderamiento, is the taking o the motor vehicle without theconsent o the owner, or by means o violence against or intimidation o persons, or by usingorce upon things5 it is deemed complete rom the moment the o*ender gains possession othe thing, even i he has no opportunity to dispose o the same.

&. (hat the o*ender intends to gain rom the taking o the vehicle5

7ntent to gain or animus lucrandiis an internal act, presumed rom the unlawul takingo the motor vehicle. Actual gain is irrelevant as the important consideration is the intent togain.(he term gain is not merely limited to pecuniary beneft but also includes the beneftwhich in any other sense may be derived or e3pected rom the act which is perormed. (hus,the mere use o the thing which was taken without the owners consent constitutes gain.

#. (hat the vehicle belongs to a person other than the o*ender himsel5

0. (hat the taking is without the consent o the owner thereo5 or that the taking was

committed by means o violence against or intimidation o persons, or by using orceupon things.

A motor vehicle is said to have been carnapped when it has been taken, with intent to gain,without the owner's consent, whether the taking was done with or without violence orintimidation o persons, or with or without the use o orce upon things.Republic Act

o. !"#$, %ec. & A careul comparison o this special law with the crimeso robberyand thetreadily reveals their common eatures and characteristics, to wit2unlawul taking, intent to gain, and that personal property belonging to another is takenwithout the latter's consent.+eople vs. (an, -.R. o. #"$/0, & 1anuary &///8ithout the anti)carnapping law, such unlawul taking o a motor vehicle would all withinthe purview o either thet or robbery which was certainly the case beore the enactment osaid statute.+eople vs. (an, -.R. o. #"$/0, & 1anuary &///

Unlawful taking

As an element common to thet, robbery and carnapping, unlawul taking 9 its import,intention and concept 9 should be considered as also common to these crimes.+eoplevs. (an, -.R. o. #"$/0, & 1anuary &/// A elonious taking may be defned as theact o depriving another o the possession and dominion o movable property without his

privity and consent and without animus revertendi. (hus, an unlawul taking takes placewhen the owner or :uridical possessor does not give his consent to the taking5 or, i theconsent was given, it was vitiated5 or where an act by the receiver soon ater the actualtranser o possession constitutes unlawul taking.+eople vs. (an, -.R. o. #"$/0, &

1anuary &///

8hen property stolen is ound in the possession o a person who is unable to give asatisactory e3planation o his possession thereo, he may be deemed to have committedthe crime o thet o said property.+eople vs. %ia, -.R. o. #40"4, & ovember&// (he application o this presumption validly applies to a case o carnapping or,
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indeed, the concept o unlawul taking in thet, robbery and carnapping is the same and, hadit not been or the enactment o theAnti)arnapping Act, the unlawul taking o the motorvehicle would certainly all within the purview o either thet or robbery.+eople vs. %ia,-.R. o. #40"4, & ovember &// See Disputable presumptions.

It involves a motor vehicle

(heAnti-Carnapping Act of 1972defnes a motor vehicleas any vehicle propelled by anypower other than muscular power using the public highways, but e3cepting road rollers,trolley cars, street)sweepers, sprinklers, lawn mowers, bulldo;ers, graders, ork)lits,amphibian trucks, and cranes i not used on public highways, vehicles, which run only onrails or tracks, and tractors, trailers and traction engines o all kinds used e3clusively oragricultural purposes. (railers having any number o wheels, when propelled or intended tobe propelled by attachment to a motor vehicle, shall be classifed as separate motor vehiclewith no power rating.Republic Act o. !"#$, %ec. &

(here is nothing in the law that reuires a license to use a public highway to make thevehicle a =motor vehicle= within the defnition given the anti)carnapping law.7;on vs.+eople, -.R. o. )"#4/, # August $? Any vehicle which is motori;ed using thestreets which are public, not e3clusively or private use, comes within the concept o motorvehicle.7;on vs. +eople, -.R. o. )"#4/, # August $? @ighways are always

public, ree or the use o every person. 7 a vehicle uses the streets, with or without thereuired license, it comes within the protection o the law, or the severity o the o*ense isnot to be measured by what kind o streets or highway the same is used5 but by the verynature o the vehicle itsel and the use to which it is devoted. therwise, cars using thestreets but still unlicensed or unregistered as when they have :ust been bought rom thecompany, or only on test runs, may be stolen without the penal sanction o the anti)carnapping statute, but only as simple robbery punishable under the provision o theRevised+enal ode.7;on vs. +eople, -.R. o. )"#4/, # August $?

A motori;ed tricycle, even i not licensed to use a public highway, is a motor vehicle underthe provision o theAnti-Carnapping Act.7;on vs. +eople, -.R. o. )"#4/, # August$?

+enalty or arnapping

Any person who is ound guilty o carnapping shall, irrespective o the value o motor vehicletaken, be punished by2Republic Act o. !"#$, %ec. 0

8hen the carnapping is committed without violence or intimidation o persons, or

orce upon things ) imprisonment or not less than ourteen B0C years and eight B?Cmonths and not more than seventeen B4C years and our B0C months. 7n Mercado vs.People,-.R. o. 0$#4", &! ovember &//& the accused broke a uarterwindow o the 7su;u (rooper to gain access to it, thus demonstrating that orce wasused upon the vehicle. (he %upreme ourtapplied the 7ndeterminate %entenceawand imposed an indeterminate prison term o seventeen B4C years and our B0Cmonths to twenty)two B&&C years.

8hen the carnapping is committed by means o violence against or intimidation o

any person, or orce upon things ) by imprisonment or not less than seventeen B4Cyears and our B0C months and not more than thirty B#/C years.

7n People vs. dela Cru,-.R. os. 0!&)!#, 1uly &//& the accused werecharged separately with the crimes o carnapping and murder, which means that theycannot be convicted with ualifed carnapping. As none o the ualiying circumstances werealleged in the inormation, the accused could only be convicted with carnapping under thefrst clause o R.A. !"#$, %ection 0, with a penalty o not less than ourteen B0C years andeight B?C months and not more than seventeen B4C years and our B0C months. Applyingthe7ndeterminate %entence aw, the proper penalty is an indeterminate sentence o
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ourteen B0C years and eight B?C months, as minimum, to seventeen B4C years and our B0Cmonths, as ma3imum. As to the homicide, the penalty is reclusion temporal,the range owhich is rom twelve B&C years and one BC day to twenty B&/C years. Applyingthe7ndeterminate %entence aw, and there being no modiying circumstance, the accusedwas sentenced to a prison term o eight B?C years, our B0C months and ten B/C daysoprision ma!or, as minimum, to ourteen B0C years, ten B/C months and twenty B&/C days

o reclusion temporal, as ma3imum.7n People vs. Paramil,-.R. os. &?/"!)"4, # Darch &/// the accused wereseparately charged and convicted with carnapping under the second clause o %ection 0,with a penalty o not be more than seventeen years and our months and not more thanthirty years. Applying the 7ndeterminate %entence aw, the penalty imposed on each oaccused or carnapping is an indeterminate sentence o 4 years and 0 months, asminimum, to #/ years, as ma3imum. 8ith respect to the crime o murder, since theualiying circumstance o abuse o superior strength was not alleged in the inormation,accused should be held liable only or the crime o homicidedefned under Article &0$ otheRevised +enal ode. @owever, considering that the aggravating circumstance o abuseo superior strength attended the killing o the victim, the penalty o reclusiontemporalprovided under said article was imposed in its ma3imum period. Applying again the7ndeterminate %entence aw, the indeterminate sentence oprision ma!or, as minimum,

andreclusion temporalin its ma3imum period, as ma3imum, was imposed.

Qualie! carnapping or aggravate! form of carnapping

8hen the owner, driver or occupant o the carnapped motor vehicle is killed or raped in thecourse o the commission o the carnapping or on the occasion thereo ) the penaltyo reclusion perpetuato death shall be imposed.Republic Act o. !"#$, %ec. 0, asamended by Republic Act o. 4!"$, which took e*ect on # Eecember $$# (hreeamendments were made by Republic Act o. 4!"$on %ection 0 o R.A. !"#$, vi;2 BC thechange o the penalty o lie imprisonment to reclusion perpetua, B&C the inclusion o rape,and B#C the change o the phrase =in the commission o the carnapping= to =in the course othe commission o the carnapping or on the occasion thereo.= (he latter makes clear theintention o the law to make the o*ense a special comple" crime, by way o analogy vis)a)vis paragraphs to 0 o Article &$0 o the Revised +enal odeon robbery with violence

against or intimidation o persons. As such, the killing Bor the rapeC merely ualifes thecrime o carnapping which or lack o specifc nomenclature may be known as #ualie!carnapping or carnapping in an aggravate! form. 7n short, considering thephraseology o the amended %ection 0, the carnapping and the killing Bor the rapeC may beconsidered as a single or indivisible crime or a special comple3 crimewhich, however, is notcovered by Article 0? o the Revised +enal ode.+eople vs. De:ia, -.R. os. ?$0/)0and -.R. o. $0/4, 4 1uly $$4 %ince %ection 0 o R.A. o. !"#$ uses the words =7%F7GE,= no distinction must be made between homicide and murder. 8hether it is one orthe other which is committed =in the course o carnapping or on the occasion thereo= makesno di*erence insoar as the penalty is concerned.+eople vs. De:ia, -.R. os. ?$0/)0 and -.R. o. $0/4, 4 1uly $$4

@owever, this should be distinguished rom People vs. Pavida" et al.,-.R. os. &4&"H #?$"&, ! 1uly $$$ and similar cases, wherein the accused were charged with two

separate inormations with =%imple arnapping= and =Durder=, and convicted o these twoseparate crimes, and not =arnapping in the Aggravated Iorm,= although the acts showedthat the accused)appellants killed the driver o the carnapped vehicle in the commission othe carnapping.

7n the &// case o People vs. Sia,-.R. o. #40"4, & ovember &// whichinvolves the death o the driver, the %upreme ourtapplied Article !# B&C o theRevised+enal ode, relating to the application o indivisible penalties when there neither mitigatingor aggravating penalty. (he lesser penalty o reclusion perpetuawas imposed.
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$eparate crimes of carnapping an! ro%%er& with homici!e

arnapping does not necessarily absorb robbery with homicide. arnappingreersspecifcally to the taking o a motor vehicle. 7t does not cover the taking o cash or personalproperty which is not a motor vehicle. (he taking o the tricycle constitutes a violation o theanti)carnapping law, while the taking o the cash by hitting him with a stone and stabbinghim in the chest constitutes the crime o robbery with homicide under Article &$0 o

theRevised +enal ode.+eople vs. dela ru;, -.R. o. 40!"?, &0 Iebruary&//$
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Anti Carnapping Law