Anti-Depressant and its Classification

By

Natasha Puri

M.Sc Forensic Science (3rd Sem.)

9340

What is Depression ??? Serious disorder of mood, ranges from mild to

very serious condition Most serious mental problem which people facing

today Most common Psychological Disorder Some people referred depression as “Common

Cold” of mental illness Can affect people of all ages,religion and race Twice common in female as compared to male Risk of suicide is high

Type of Depression

Depression are of Following types :

a. Uni-polar - Mind of subject swing in some direction

b. Bi-polar - Depression associated with mania some times called as manic depression

c. Endogenous – Depression due to shock or stressful life events

Causes

Following are the main causes :

Family History Positive and negative events Certain medication Use of alcohol Imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain

Symptoms

Vary from subject to subject but having to key signs are: a. loss of interest in things

like to do

b. sadness or irritability Divided into following

Biological Emotional

Physical

Biochemical TheoryIn 1950, Reserpine induce Depression

and study shows that it depletes the storage of NE and 5-HT

Then Biochemical or monoamine theory was Proposed in 1965 by

Schildkrant Theory state that there is decreased or

functional deficiency in monoamine i.e NE , 5-HT, DA

transmission in the CNS

Treatment

Psychotherapy Electroconvulsive Therapy Natural alternatives Medication

The drug which is used for the relieve or prevention of depression and its symptoms known as Anti-depressant Drugs

Anti Depressant DrugsDrugs which are used to relieve or prevent

depression known as Anti depressant Anti depressant was first developed in

1950’s Work by stabilize and normalize the level of

neurotransmitter in brain.Neurotransmitter like NE,5-HT,DA play an important role in regulating the mood

Practically all antidepressants affect monoaminergic transmission in the brain

Classification Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)

i. NA+5-HT reuptake inhibitor- Imipramine

- Trimipramine

- Amitriptyline

- Doxepin

ii. Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors

- Desipramine

- Nortriptyline

- Reboxetine

Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

- Citalopram

- Escitalopram

- Fluoxetine

- Paroxetine

- Sertraline5-HT / NE Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

- Duloxetine

- Venlafaxine

Atypical Antidepressants

- Buproprion

- Mirtazapine

- Nefazodone

- Trazodone Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

- Phenelzine

- Selegiline

- Tranylcypromine

Mechanism of TCAs Drugs

Mechanism of SSRIs Drugs

Mechanism of monoamine oxidase Inhibitors

Side EffectClassification Side effects Pharmacokinetics

TCAs Blurred Vision , xerostomia , constipation, Increased appetite, Nausea, cardiac arrhythmia

Well absorbed OrallyPass BBBMetabolised in liver

SSRIs Nausea, anxiety, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, gastric upset

Well absorbed OrallyFood effect absorptionMetabolised in Liver

SNRIs Nausea, anxiety,insomnia,sexual dysfunction, gastric upset

Well absorbed OrallyMetabolised in Liver

Atypical Antidepressant Dry mouth , nervousness, seizures at high dose

Well absorbed orally

MAOIs Nausea, Headache, Stiff neck, dry mouth, Drug interaction

Well absorbed orally

References Tripathi K.D “Essential of Medical Pharmacology” 6th Edition , Jaypee

Brothers Medical Publishers(P)ltd. Goodman and Gilman’s “Manual of Pharmacology and Therapeutics”

10th Edition, McGraw Hill Companies Finkel Richard et.al., “Pharmacolgy”,4th Edition, Lippincott Williams

and Wilkin Hollinger A. Mannfred, “ Introduction to Pharmacology” ,2nd Edition ,

Taylor & Francis Group Dipiro T. Joseph, et.al “ Pharmacotherapy” ,7th Edition , McGraw Hill

Companies Stahl SM. Essential Psychopharmacology,2nd Edition, Cambridge

University Press, New York Foye O.William, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry,3rd Edition,

Varghese Publishing House http://www.springerlink.com/content/b9b8668ff59f89d7/fulltext.pdf http://www.slideshare.net http://www.authorstream.com