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www.agriculture.vsu.edu
Agricultural Research Station
Anti-oxidation and
Anti-obesity Properties of Ginger
Rafat Siddiqui, Haiwen Li, Anwar Hamama, and Reza Rafie
Agricultural Research Station
Virginia State University
Agricultural Research Station
www.agriculture.vsu.edu
Agricultural Research Station
www.agriculture.vsu.edu
• Native to South-East Asia• Cultivated all over the world
Ginger Grown at Randolph’s farm at VSU
Agricultural Research Station
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World Ginger Production (Top 10 Countries) 2010 2016
Agricultural Research Station
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12.5
4
11.1
9
10.6
6
10.0
4
6.02
5.7
5.09
4.14
3.1
2.54%
SH
AR
ETOP 10 GINGER IMPORTING COUNTRIES
2016
Agricultural Research Station
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Proven Health Benefits of Ginger
• Cough and Cold symptoms
• Nausea, Especially Morning Sickness
• Muscle Pain and Soreness
• Chronic Indigestion
• Osteoarthritis
• Blood Sugars and Diabetes
• Cholesterol Levels and Heart Disease Risk Factors
• Cancer
• Infections
Agricultural Research Station
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Anti-oxidation activity
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Goal of the Study
To investigate quantitative and qualitative difference between immature (locally grown) and mature ginger (imported).
Immature Ginger
• Perishable, very tender, less fibrous, and very pungent • Easily attacked by fungus.
• Phytochemical profile?• Health benefits?
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Objective• To determine influence of harvesting times on
phenolic contents, and anti-oxidation properties.
• To characterize anti-obesity properties.
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Experimental• Ginger was harvested bi-weekly from the First week of October,
2017 – January, 2018 (16 weeks).• Samples were freeze-dried, grounded and extracted in Methanol
• Total polyphenol: Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent• Anti-oxidation activity: DPPH and ABTS assay• Anti-obesity: In vitro assay-3T3-Li adipocytes
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Results
Agricultural Research Station
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Total Phenolic Compounds in Ginger Extract
(Weeks)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
mg
Ga
llic
Ac
id e
q./
g s
am
ple
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
*
* * *
*
*
* * *
*
**
Agricultural Research Station
www.agriculture.vsu.edu
Antioxidation Activity of Ginger Extract(DPPH Assay)
Weeks
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
M T
rolo
x E
q./
g s
am
ple
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
*
* **
*
* *
Agricultural Research Station
www.agriculture.vsu.edu
Antioxidation Capacity of Ginger Extract (ABTS assay)
(Weeks)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
M T
rolo
x E
q./
g s
am
ple
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
*
*
* * *
*
**
Agricultural Research Station
www.agriculture.vsu.edu
Baby ginger has higher phenolic contents and superior anti-oxidation properties
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Obesity
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Ginger Fights Obesity
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Agricultural Research Station
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Effect of Ginger on Fat Deposition
3T3 L1 Cells (pre-adipocytes)
Differentiation (High Glucose, Insulin, Dexamethasone)
Adipocytes
3T3L1 cell Adipocytes Adipocytes Adipocytes(- Ginger) - Ginger Extract + Ginger Extract + Ginger Extract
(50 mg/ml) (100 mg/ml)
Lipid Droplet analysisFatty Acid analysis
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Effect of Ginger Extract on Oil Droplet Formation
Control cells Adipocytes (-Ginger)
Adipocytes (50 mg/ml) Adipocytes (100 mg/ml)
Control Adipocytes (-Ginger)
Adipocytes (50 mg/ml) Adipocytes (100 mg/ml)
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Agricultural Research Station
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Undiff
eren
tiate
d
Diff
eren
tiate
d
Diff
+ G
E (50
ug/ml)
Diff
-GE (1
00 u
g/ml)
De
no
vo
Lip
op
ge
ne
sis
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
a
b
b
a
Fat Synthesis
Agricultural Research Station
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Undiff
eren
tiate
d
Diff
eren
tiate
d
Diff
+ G
E (50
ug/ml)
Diff
-GE (1
00 u
g/ml)
9 D
es
atu
ras
e A
cti
vit
y
0
1
2
3
4
a
bb
c
Fat Synthesis
Agricultural Research Station
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a
b
b
a
a
bb
c
Undiff
eren
tiate
d
Diff
eren
tiate
d
Diff
+ G
E (50
ug/ml)
Diff
-GE (1
00 u
g/ml)
Elo
ng
as
e a
cti
vit
y
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4a
bb
c
Fat Synthesis
Agricultural Research Station
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Agricultural Research Station
www.agriculture.vsu.eduTime (minutes)
0 50 100 150
Ce
llu
lar
Ox
ida
tio
n(F
old
Ch
an
ge
s)
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 g/ml
12.5 mg/ml
25 g/ml
50 g/ml
100 g/ml
200 g/ml
400 g/ml
600 g/ml
Inhibition of Cellular Oxidation in 3T3 Adipocytes
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Future Studies
Effect of Ginger on the Molecular pathways of Fat Production
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Conclusion1. Phenolic contents and anti-oxidation activity is highest in baby
Ginger.
2. The phenolic contents and anti-oxidation activity decreases as ginger gets matured (almost 50% around 4-5 months).
3. The ginger extract inhibited fat accumulation in Adipose cells and has a potential to be an effective agent against obesity.
Agricultural Research Station
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Acknowledgement• Dr. Wondi Mersie: Director ARS, VSU
• Dr. M. Ray McKinnie: Dean, Agriculture
• Dr. Jewel Bronaugh and Dr. Omar Faison: Executive Director-CAREO
The funding for this project was provided by a grant from
Center of Agricultural Research, Engagement and Outreach
(CAREO)