8/13/2019 Antibakterijska timus serpilum

1/2

Jour nal of Ph armacy Research V ol.4.I ssue 3. Mar ch 2011

Kavit a Gahl ot et al. / Jour nal of Pharmacy Research 2011,4(3),641-642

641-642

Research ArticleISSN: 0974-6943 Available online through

www.jpronline.info

*Corresponding author. Kav ita G ahl ot Dep art men t of Ph arm aco gno sy an d Phy tochem ist ry, College of Pharmacy, IFTM,

Moradab ad- 4400 1 U.P. (Indi a).Tel.: + 91- 9456099848E-mail: kavita_pharma@yahoo.co.in

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum Linn

Kavita Gahlot 1,2 * Santosh Kumar 1, Reeta Sahu 11 Department of Pharmacognosy and Phyt ochemi stry, College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad-244001 U.P. ( India) .2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sc iences,Birl a Inst itute of Technology,Ranchi -835215(India)

Received on: 05-10-2010; Revised on: 14-12-2010; Accepted on:09-02-2011 ABSTRACT

Table 1. Preliminary Phytocnemical Screening of different extracts of aerial parts of Thymserpyllum L.

Group of Pytoconstituent ExtractsEE AE

Carbohydrates - +Proteins - -Fats and Oils + -Cardic glycosides - -Anthraquinone glycoside - -Saponin glycoside + +Flavonoids + -Alkaloids - -Tannins + +

EE = Ethanoli c extr act, AE = Aqueous ex trac t, + indi cate s pres ent, - in dicates absen t

Table 2 . In v i t ro antibacterial activity of extracts of aerial parts of Thymus serpyllu m L.

Test organism Zone of Inhibition in mm Ciprofloxacin Different extracts (g/disc) (30 g/disc) EE AE50 g 100 g 50 g 100 g

B.subtilis (NCIM - 2439 21 25 21 22 44S.aureus (NCIM - 2079 15 17 11 12 28E.coli (NCIM -2831) 21 23 8 11 40P.aerugin osa (NCIM -2863) 16 19 11 11 30

EE= eth ano l extr act , AE = Aqueous ex trac t,

Key words: Antimicrobial activity, Thymus serpyllum , ethanol extract, aqueous extract, Phytochemical

Thymus serpyllum , known by the common names of Wild Thyme or Creeping Thyme is a species of thyme native to most of Europe and North Africa. It is one of the most important traditionalPolynesian medicinal plants. It has antifungal, antibacterial, anthelmintic, antioxidant, strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, deodorant, diaphoretic, disinfectant, expectorant,sedative activities. Thymus serpyllum L. was studied for its antimicrobial activity. The aerial parts of this plant were dried, powdered and ethanolic and aqueous extract was prepared by hot

percolation method. Four microorganisms namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used for investigation. The antibacterialactivity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Thymus serpyllum L. was conducted using agar disc diffusion method and then the zone of inhibition for both extract was measured. The results of our antimicrobial assay revealed that plant extracts showed inhibitory activity against the tested organisms.

INTRODUCTIONWith the rising prevalence of microorganism showing resistance to antibiotics, there is anurgency to develop new antimicrobial compounds. Since antiquity, plants have been used totreat common infectious diseases. The healing potential of many plants have been utilized byIndian traditional medicines like Siddha, Ayurvedha and Unani. Being nontoxic and easilyaffordable, there has been resurgence in the consumption and demand for medicinal plants [1, 2] .Thymus serpyllum Linn family-Lamiaceae known by the common names of Wild Thyme or Creeping Thyme is a species of thyme native to most of Europe and North Africa. It is a low,usually prostrate sub shrub growing to 2 cm tall with creeping stems up to 10 cm long, withoval evergreen leaves 38 mm long. The strongly scented flowers are either lilac, pink-purple,magenta, or a rare white, all 46 mm long and produced in clusters. The hardy plant toleratessome pedestrian traffic and produces odors ranging from heavily herbal to lightly lemon,depending on the plant [3] .It is an important nectar source plant for honeybees as well as thelarge blue butterfly which feeds exclusively on wild thyme. Flowering thyme is one of theoldest herbal remedies; it is given for coughs, bronchitis, and indigestion. A natural antiseptic,it is also used as a gargle for throat infections and as an infusion to disinfect wounds. The activeingredients of Thymus serpyllum L. are Volatile oil containing thymol, carvacrol, cineole,

borneol, linalool, and pinene; flavonoids, apigenin and luteolin; tannins. The whole plant isanthelmintic, antioxidant, strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, deodorant, dia-

phoretic, disinfectant, expectorant, sedative and tonic [4]. Internally, it is taken in the treatmentof bronchitis, catarrh, laryngitis, flatulent indigestion, painful menstruation, colic and hang-overs. Externally, it is applied to minor injuries, mastitis, mouth, throat and gum infection[5].The present investigation has been carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum L.

MATERIALS & METHODS

Plant collection:The fresh plant of Thymus serpyllum L. was collected from Tarikhet (Ranikhet).The collectedmaterial is identified, authentified in Paudhalaya Kshetriya Vanaspati Anushandhan SanshthanTarikhet(Ranikhet).The herbarium(specimen no. COP/IFTM-132) is preserved in museum of College of Pharmacy, IFTM, Moradabad. Fresh plant materials were shade dried and homog-enized to a coarse powder.

Plant extractionExtracts were prepared from dried coarse powder of all aerial parts using Soxhlet apparatus.Material was extracted for 72 hrs. using 95 % ethanol that was alcoholic extract. For aqueousextract the powder obtained after soxhlation was under process of decoction with sufficientdistilled water than filter, evaporate the filtrate on water bath. Both alcoholic and aqueousextract were kept in the desecrator till the further use [6, 7, 8] .

Phytochemical screeningBoth extracts prepared above were screened for the presence of various groups of Phytoconstituentsusing different chemical tests [9].

Anti bacteri al assay Microorganisms testedThe organisms used for this study include Staphylococcus aureus -NCIM 2079, Bacillus

subtilis -NCIM 2439, Escherichia coli - NCIM 2831, Pseudomonas aeruginosa - NCIM 2863.

Antimicrobial ActivityAntimicrobial assay of solvent extracts were performed by agar disc diffusion method [10]. Stocultures were maintained at 4C on slants of nutrient agar. Active cultures for experiments were

prepared by transferring a loopful of colonies from the stock culture to peptone water andincubated for 4h at 37C. Standard suspension of bacteria was inoculated on the surface of Muller-Hinton (Himedia) agar plates. Dimethyl Sulphoxide was used to dissolve the plantextract. Sterilized filter paper discs (5mm) saturated at concentrate of 50 g and 100 g of eachextract were arranged on the surface of the inoculated plates and incubated at 37C for 18-24h.Along with this 30g ciprofloxacin disc (Himedia standard) was studied for antimicrobialactivity as a positive control whereas the solvent used for preparing extract was used as anegative control. At the end of incubation, Antibacterial activity was determined by measuringthe diameter of the inhibition zones formed around the disc was measured with Himedia zonescale [11, 12, 13] . For each strain, controls were included that comprised pure solvents instead of the extract [14].The experiments were repeated three times and the mean values were presented.

RESULTSThe present study carried out on the plant extract revealed the possession of medicinalactivities.The phytochemicals present in Thymus serpyllum L.were represented in Table 1.Carbohydrates, saponin glycoside and tannins were present in aqueous extract. Fats and oils,saponin glycoside, flavoniods and tannins were present in ethanol extract. The antibacterialactivity of aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum L. suggests that the extract contains the effectiveactive Phytochemicals responsible for the elimination of microorganisms. In vitro antibacteriaactivity of ethanol and aqueous extract of all aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum L. were observein Table 2.

8/13/2019 Antibakterijska timus serpilum

2/2