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8/19/2019 Antibiotikumok I
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8/19/2019 Antibiotikumok I
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Penicillinek
Cephalosporinok
β
-Lactamase-gátlók
Carbapenemek
Monobactamok
β-Lactam Antibiotikumok
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I. PENICILLINEK
1929, Alexander Fleming
6-Aminopenicillansav
- Penici llin G (Benzylpenici llin) / ~ , PROMPTCILLIN/
- Clemizolpenicillin, Procain-Penicillin /RETARDILLIN/, Benzathin-Penicillin
- Penici llin V, Propicillin, Azidocillin, Penamecill in /MARIPEN/
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Methicillin
Nafcil lin, Oxacill in, Dicloxacillin, Flucloxacillin
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Ampicillin /SEMICILLIN/
Amoxicillin / ~ , CLONAMOX, DUOMOX, OSPAMOX/
Bacampicillin
Pivampicillin
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Carboxylpenicillinek - Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin
Acylaminopenicillinek (Ureidopenicillinek) – Mezlocillin, Azlocil lin, Piperacillin
Clavulansav (+ Amoxicillin) / AUGMENTIN, AKTIL/
Sulbactam (+ Ampicillin) /UNASYN/
Tazobactam (+ Piperacillin) / PIPERAN , TAZOCIN, ZYTOBAKT/
probenecid
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II. CEPHALOSPORINOK
1948, G. Brotzu
7-AminocephalosporánsavCephalosporin C: R=
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1. Generáció
Cefalexin /PYASSAN/, Cefradin, Cefadroxil
D.: 3 x 0,5 g
Cefalotin, Cefazolin / ~ / D.: 3 x 1-2 g
2. Generáció
Cefaclor /CECLOR/, Cefuroxim-Axetil /ZINNAT/, Cefprozil /CEFZIL/
Cefamandol, Cefonicid, Cefuroxim /ZINACEF/, Cefotiam, Ceforanid
Cephamycinek: Cefoxitin, Cefmetazol, Cefotetan
(7-α
-Methoxy-származékok)
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3. Generáció
Cefixim /SUPRAX, XIFIA/, Ceftibuten /CEDAX/, Cefpodoxim-Proxetil
Cefotaxim /~, CLAFORAN/, Ceftriaxon /~, LENDACIN, ROCEPHIN/
Ceftazidim /~, FORTUM/, Cefoperazon /CEFOBID/, Ceftizoxim, Moxalactam
4. Generáció
Cefepim /CEFEPIME HOSPIRA, MAXIPIME/, Cefpirom
Ceftarolin /ZINFORO/, Ceftolozan /ZERBAXA/, Ceftobiprol
disulfiram
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IV. CARBAPENEMEK
Imipenem + Cilastatin (1:1) / ~ , CILANEM, TIENAM/
T1/2 ~ 1 h, D.: 3 – 4 x 0,5 – 1 g i.v.
Meropenem /MERONEM/, Doripenem /DORIBAX/T1/2 ~ 1 h, D.: 3 x 0,5 – 1 g i.v.
Ertapenem /INVANZ/
T1/2 ~ 4 h, D.: 1 x 1 g i.v. (i.m.)
III. MONOBACTAMOK
Aztreonam (1985)
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Vancomycin /~, VANCOCIN/
Teicoplanin /TARGOCID/
Dalbavancin, Telavancin /VIBATIV/
Oritavancin
ΙΙ Glykopeptidek
Vancomycin
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Feh.kötés T1/2 Dózis
Vancomycin 10 – 50 % 2 - 6 h 2 x 1 -2 g i.v. (1-h-infúzió) /
3 – 4 x 250 mg p.os
Teicoplanin 90 % 2 d 4-800 mg, majd
1 x 2-400 mg i.v./i.m.
Telavancin
(Vancomycin-szárm.)
8 h 1 x naponta i.v.
Dalbavancin
(Teicoplanin-szárm.)
6 - 11 d 1 x hetente i.v.
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Fosfomycin
Fosfomycin-trometamol /MONURAL, FOSFOMYCIN LADEEPHARMA/
Daptomycin /CUBICIN/
Polymixin B /OTOSPORIN/, Polymixin E (colistin, col istimethate, COLOMYCIN)
III. Egyéb
Bacitracin /BANEOCIN/, Cycloserin