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“Book it right & pack it tight”
• Revised guidebooks to the IMDG Code operational rules
for preparing dangerous goods for carriage by sea
• Book 1: Shippers & Forwarders
• Book 2: Shipping lines and freight
booking agencies
• Book 3: Consolidators – managers
and supervisors
• Book 4: Fork lift operators
and cargo handlers
Subjects covered in this presentation
• Purpose & content of the Guidebooks
• Classification of dangerous goods
• Creation of Shipper‟s Declaration
• Packaging & labelling
• Limited quantities, mixed loads, aerosols & security
• IMDG Code training
• Provision of information to shipping line
• Summary & source of further information
1 - Purpose & content of the Guidebooks
What is in the Guidebooks?
• Clear guidance on what you must do to comply
with the IMDG Code
• Explanation of your legal duties
• Practical examples
• Sample documents
• Photographs
• Illustrations
Format of the guidebooks
• The Guidebooks all have a Part A & Part B:
• Part A identifies the key operational duties – what you
must do and how to do it
• Part B is a common reference section explaining
requirements of the IMDG Code
What is the purpose of the Guidebooks?
1. To provide practical operational guidance to the
complex requirements of the IMDG Code
2. To provide a quick reference to the relevant
IMDG Code text
A fundamental question: What are dangerous goods?
Answer: Substances or articles that may:
– kill or injure people
– damage ships or transport equipment
– damage cargo
– damage the environment (marine pollutants)
Are there rules for shipping
dangerous goods by sea?
YES – there are strict rules for shippers,
container packers and shipping lines
The rules are contained in the
International Maritime
Dangerous Goods Code
Failure to comply with
dangerous goods rules causes severe maritime incidents …….
.
..… and heavy losses
Known as the IMDG Code
A complete instruction
manual for documentation,
packaging and carriage of
dangerous goods by sea
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
What is the IMDG Code?
• Two volumes & a Supplement (over 800 pages)
• Rules for every stage of the carriage of
dangerous goods by sea
• The international UN system for classification,
listing, documentation, packaging & packing of
dangerous goods
• Specific legal duties for all parties arising from the
SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) Convention
Where does the IMDG Code come from?
• The IMDG Code is produced by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
• The IMO is a United Nations agency
• The IMDG Code is based on the UN inter-modal dangerous goods system and is used world-wide
Who has duties under the IMDG Code?
• Shippers & forwarders
• Shipping line booking agents
• Consolidators (supervisor/manager)
• Fork lift drivers/container packers
• Ships and shipping lines
Must I comply with the IMDG Code rules?
YES!
• Since 2004 the IMDG Code has been mandatory
in all countries by government signature at the
SOLAS Conference and through the IMO
• It is also mandatory to train your employees in
aspects of the Code applicable to their jobs
1. Classification & identification
2. Documentation
3. Packaging & labelling
Practical operational guidance on the Shipper’s IMDG Code duties regarding:
Book 1: Shippers & Forwarder
References in this presentation
• References to sections in Guidebook 1 are
always shown in yellow at bottom left hand corner
e.g.
• References to text in the IMDG Code are shown
in blue: See IMDG 3.2
See Guidebook Part B section 4
See Guidebook Part B section 4
The guidebook is your quick guide to the IMDG Code
Your quick reference to …
…. the 800 pages of the IMDG Code
How to use your guidebook
Identify your operational duties, and see examples. Use the IMDG references to ….
…. take you directly to the relevant text in IMDG Code for full details
Guidebook 1 identifies shipper‟s key IMDG Code duties:
1. Classification of dangerous goods
2. Creation of shipper‟s declaration
3. Packaging & labelling
4. Provision of information to the shipping line
2 - Classification of dangerous goods
What does “classification” mean?
• Classification means your duty as a shipper to describe your product and its hazard according to the rules of the IMDG Code
e.g.
- UN Number
- Proper Shipping Name of product
- Class and type of hazard(s)
- Description in terms used in the IMDG Code (see examples below)
Where can classification details be found?
In the columns of the Dangerous Goods List in
Part 3 of the IMDG Code –
What is the Dangerous Goods List?
• A list containing an entry for all dangerous goods
(it takes up 169 pages of Volume 2 of the IMDG
Code)
• It is the first point of reference for all enquiries
about classification or technical details of a
substance or article
Dangerous
Goods List (diagrammatic display)
Each substance entry has
18 columns of classification &
other information
Substances are listed under their
UN Number in Column 1
Why does the shipper need the classification details?
1. He must add the classification details to a signed
document (Shipper‟s Declaration) that
accompanies the dangerous goods
2. He must display the classification details
on each package
Classification factors: mandatory & conditional
There are a number of classification details shippers
must provide for each dangerous substance:
1. UN Number
2. Proper Shipping Name
3. Class
4. Plus a number of “conditional” details such as degree of hazard (Packing Group), flashpoint, marine pollutant, etc, depending upon the substance
UN classification system
• The IMDG Code uses the UN intermodal system
to classify and identify dangerous goods
• Classification details for each substance are listed
in the columns of the Dangerous Goods List
See Guidebook Part B sections 1-8
Class 1 - Explosives
Class 2 - Gases
Class 3 - Flammable Liquids
Class 4 - Flammable Solids
Class 5 - Oxidising Substances
Class 6 - Toxic Substances
Class 7 - Radioactive Substances
Class 8 - Corrosives
Class 9 - Miscellaneous
Dangerous
goods are put into one
of 9 categories,
depending
upon the type of hazard.
These are called
‘Classes’
There are 9 hazard Classes
Hazard classes are represented by symbols: e.g.
CLASS 3
Flammable liquids are liquids that have a flashpoint of below 60°C
CLASS 8
Corrosive substances and their vapours destroy living tissue on contact and can damage many other materials
CLASS 6.1
Toxic substances cause injury or death to humans by inhalation, swallowing or skin contact
Some classes are sub-divided into “divisions”
Class 2.1 – Flammable gas
Class 2.2 – Non-flammable non-toxic gas
Class 2.3 – Toxic gas
See Guidebook Part B Section 4 for an explanation of all the classes and sub-divisions
Multiple hazards (Class + Sub-risk)
• Some substances have more than one hazard –
They have a main class and a “sub-risk” e.g. a substance classed as a flammable liquid may also be toxic:
CARBON DISULPHIDE
Class 3 + Sub-risk of
class 6.1
See Guidebook Part B section 5
UN Number
• Every dangerous substance has a UN Number
• This is a unique number allocated by the UN
• The UN Number is used to locate the dangerous
substance entry in the IMDG Dangerous Goods
List
e.g. UN 1170
See Guidebook Part B section 6
All dangerous goods have a mandatory UN
Number, Proper Shipping Name & Class
Example: ETHANOL
• UN Number - UN 1170
• Proper Shipping Name - ETHANOL
• Class - 3
What name shall I give to my dangerous goods?
• Every dangerous substance and article is listed in the IMDG Dangerous Goods List under its Proper Shipping Name
See Guidebook Part B section 7
E.g. Substance name: SULPHURIC ACID E.g. Article name: ROCKET MOTORS
Proper Shipping Name
Common substances & articles:
• The Proper Shipping Name is the only name you are permitted to use on your documentation and package labelling
• It is the name by which a dangerous substance is listed in the IMDG Dangerous Goods List alphabetical index
• This is the only name internationally recognised by the United Nations dangerous goods system
Proper Shipping Names (N.O.S. Names)
Mixtures & uncommon substances & articles:
• Mixtures of dangerous substances and
uncommon dangerous substances are not listed
in the Dangerous Goods List
• They are shipped under generic names called
“Not Otherwise Specified” (N.O.S.) names
How N.O.S Proper Shipping Names
are determined for mixtures
• A mixture is subjected to classification tests to
determine if it should be assigned to any hazard
class and sub-risk
• If so, the mixture is allocated a generic name that
describes the hazard e.g. FLAMMABLE LIQUID
N.O.S.
• Each generic name is assigned a UN Number
e.g. UN 1993, FLAMMABLE LIQUID N.O.S.
See Guidebook Part B section 7
Completing N.O.S. names
• To complete an N.O.S. name the identity of the dangerous substance(s) must be added in brackets after the generic name e.g.
• UN 1993, FLAMMABLE LIQUID N.O.S. (contains glycol and acetone)
• The IMDG Code has a list containing N.O.S. generic
names that cover all combinations of hazard class and sub-risk – the IMDG Code Dangerous Goods List Appendix A has a comprehensive list
There are other classification details that are “conditional”
• “Conditional” classification details are those that
depend upon the class nature of specific
dangerous goods
• To find what details are required for a particular
substance, refer to the substance entry in the
Dangerous Goods List
See Part B sections 5, 8, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17 & 19 for full details
The most common conditional classification details:
1. Sub-risk
2. Packing group
3. Flashpoint (Class 3 substances only)
4. Marine pollutant
Packing Groups: an indication of danger
• Some hazard classes require the documentation to
show a Packing Group to indicate degree of hazard
• “Packing Group” is usually shortened to “PG”
• PG I Great danger
• PG II Medium danger
• PG III Low danger
See Guidebook Part B section 8
Flashpoint
• The flashpoint must be provided for:
– Class 3 substances (Flammable Liquids)
– Or any substance with a class 3 sub-risk
CLASS 3 - flammable liquids are liquids that have a flashpoint of less than 60°C.
See Guidebook Part B section 10
Marine Pollutants
• Substances that bio-accumulate in the marine
food chain, or are highly destructive to the marine
environment
• Document must state “Marine Pollutant” and
packages and cargo transport units display the
marine pollutant mark.
See Guidebook Part B section 11
Less common variable details
• Some classes require other less common conditional classification details eg:
– Solid or liquid form
– Control & emergency temperature
– Radioactivity details
– Explosives details
• Refer to the substance entry in the Dangerous Goods List and IMDG 5.4 to see what details may be required
Reminder: How to find classification details
• All classification details are found in the various
columns of the Dangerous Goods List in Part 3.2
of the IMDG Code
3 – Creation of shipper‟s declaration
Provision of dangerous goods
information from shipper to shipping line
• The shipper or forwarder must provide the line with full
classification details at the initial booking stage – you will
usually be requested to complete a shipping line internal
booking request form
• Later, when you despatch the goods, they must be
accompanied by a formal dangerous goods declaration
that complies with IMDG Code requirements – details in
the following section
:
Shipper’s dangerous goods declaration
This example of a shipper’s declaration is taken from page 20 of Guidebook 2
Shipper’s dangerous goods declaration
• All dangerous goods
consignments must be
accompanied by a
dangerous goods
declaration that includes
all classification details
and is signed by the
shipper
Details required for the dangerous goods declaration
• Shipper’s address
• Consignee’s address
• Ship & voyage details
• Classification & identification
• Packaging description
• Quantity
• Leading marks
• Shipper’s signature
• Place & date of signature
See Guidebook Part A sections 3 & 4
Shipper’s name & address
Consignee’s name & address
Voyage details
Number & type of packaging
Leading marks
Classification & identification
Container details
Packing certificate details: not to be completed by the shipper, to be completed only by the container packer
Details of the packaging, classification and substance identification must all
be entered on the declaration
See IMDG 5.4
See Guidebook Part A sections 3 & 4
Classification details are vital
Classification details
Proper Shipping name Mandatory
Class Mandatory
UN Number Mandatory
Sub-risk (conditional)
Packing Group (conditional)
Marine Pollutant (conditional)
Flashpoint (conditional
Control & emergency temperature (conditional)
Fumigation details (conditional)
Radiation details (Mandatory for Class 7)
Explosives details (Mandatory for Class 1)
Shipper’s declaration: This text confirms that the shipper has accurately described his dangerous goods and they are correctly classified, packaged and labelled according to all national and international legislation.
This is a mandatory text from the IMDG Code.
This is where the document is signed and dated by the shipper
Net & gross quantity of dangerous goods
4 – Packaging & labelling
Packaging for dangerous goods
• Three principles apply to packages:
• They must be made to a UN approved design
standard
• The design type and size must be permitted by
the IMDG Code
• Each package must be marked and labelled with
details of the dangerous goods
UN-approved packaging design
• Packages used for carriage of dangerous goods
must be built to a UN–approved design standard
that is stamped with an appropriate packaging
design code
• As the shipper, it is your duty to ensure that you
select suitable UN–approved packaging for your
product
See Guidebook Part A section 6
Packaging codes for UN-approved designs
Example of a UN code marked on a drum head
Package design and size permitted by the IMDG Code
• The IMDG Code specifies different package
designs and maximum safe package sizes for
different dangerous goods
• These specifications are found in the individual
substance entries in the Dangerous Goods List
Column numbers 8 to 11
Package marking & labelling
Each package must
display warnings about
the dangerous goods
inside:
– Proper Shipping Name
– UN Number
– Class (& sub-risk if applicable)
– Marine Pollutant mark (marine pollutants only)
See Guidebook Part A section 7
There are rules for unit loads and overpacks
Each individual package in a unit load must be marked and labelled
Overpacks must be marked and labelled and an “OVERPACK” mark must be added
See Guidebook Part A section 7
Packaging: Summary of shipper’s duties
• Select suitable packaging coded with the UN-
approval mark
• Only use package designs and sizes allowed by
the IMDG Code (see Dangerous Goods List)
• Apply warning marks & label(s)
5 - Limited quantities, mixed loads, aerosols
& security
Limited quantities
• Dangerous goods shipped as “limited quantities”
are exempted some of the land and sea transport
rules
• By sea the main concession is that no segregation
is required from other dangerous goods
• Another concession is that UN-coded packaging is
not required
Limited quantities
In principle limited quantities means shipping in small receptacles protected by outer packaging
Rules for limited quantities
• Weight/capacity of inner and outer packaging for
each substance is specified by the IMDG Code
(see column 7 of Dangerous Goods List)
• Amended shipper‟s declaration required
• Marks & labels replaced by limited quantities
mark
• UN-tested packaging not required
See Guidebook Part A section 8 & Part B section 9
Segregation: Rules for controlling mixed hazard loads
• „Mixed loading‟ means loading different types of dangerous goods together in the same container
• Mixed loading creates the possibility of dangerous chemical reaction
• Mixed loading is prohibited unless permitted by the IMDG Code segregation rules in IMDG section 7.2
The rules of segregation are complex - see IMDG chapter 7.2
Be aware that different types of dangerous goods may have to be packed into different containers
See Guidebook 1 Part A section 9
See Guidebook 3 (Consolidators) Part A section 12 for full details of segregation in containers
Aerosols: special rules
• Aerosols are a commonly-shipped commodity that
often cause problems
• Usually shipped as Limited Quantities (note limited quantities mark)
• Aerosols have special rules for
classification, documentation
and packaging
See Guidebook Part B section 19
6 – IMDG Code Training
IMDG Code training for shippers
• The IMDG Code requires that staff preparing
dangerous goods documents and cargo must be
trained to understand the rules of the IMDG Code
• Shippers and packers may expect to be given
advice on classification, package marking &
labelling, documentation and segregation from the
line
Key training areas for shippers & forwarders
1. Classification of dangerous goods
2. Use of the Code Dangerous Goods List
3. Documentation requirements
4. Packaging selection, marking & labelling
See Guidebook Part A section 1
Have you given your staff proper IMDG Code training?
The IMDG Code requires that employers train their employees in both:
– general dangerous goods awareness
– job-specific functions
Refer to the IMDG Code training schedule in section 1.3 to check the functions in which shippers and forwarders are expected to be competent
Security awareness
• Some dangerous goods can be used to create
explosions, fires and toxic releases in a terrorist
context
• All personnel should be aware of such hazards
and keep information confidential
• IMDG Code Chapter 1.4 has provisions for
security of dangerous goods in transit
• Ports are high security zones
See Guidebook Part A section 2
7 – Provision of information to the shipping line
It is your legal duty to correctly declare all
dangerous goods to the shipping line
Shippers & forwarders take note!
• Shipper or forwarder must provide full classification details to the line in advance of shipment
• The information will be the same as that required on the shipper’s dangerous goods declaration (IMDG 5.4)
• Details will normally be required on a special dangerous goods booking form
8 – Summary of presentation & source of further
information
What has been covered in this presentation
• This presentation has looked briefly at key duties of the
shipper including:
• Classification
• Packaging & labelling
• Shipper’s declaration
• Greater detail on these and related topics will be found in
Guidebook 3.
• Other Guidebooks in the series provide detailed coverage of
other topics including:
• Segregation
• Packing certificates
• Container packing & securing
• Container marking and placarding
Important Notice
The Guidebooks are a practical operational aid and
should be used alongside the IMDG Code
They are not a substitute for IMDG Code training –
employees should be trained as appropriate for their job
and responsibility
Technical issues should always be checked against the
legal text of the IMDG Code
The end
This presentation is to introduce the “Book it
Right and Pack it Tight” guidebooks to a wide
audience and to promote understanding and
use of the IMDG Code. Please modify to
your own requirements
Published by:
Thomas Miller P&I Ltd, 90 Fenchurch Street, London EC3A 5BA
Tel: +44 (0)20 7283 4646. Fax: +44 (0)20 7283 5614
http://www.ukpandi.com
For more information contact:
Email: [email protected]