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Australia's Moho: A test of the usefulness of gravity modelling for the determination of Moho depth A.R.A. Aitken a, , M.L. Salmon b , B.L.N. Kennett b a School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia b Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia abstract article info Article history: Received 1 March 2012 Received in revised form 11 June 2012 Accepted 24 June 2012 Available online xxxx Keywords: Moho Gravity modelling Inversion Australia In general, seismic methods provide a reliable way to image the crustmantle interface, which is marked by a rapid increase in seismic velocity (the Moho). However, the coverage provided by seismic networks is necessar- ily limited due to access difculties, and the cost and labour involved in collecting data. Gravity data provide an alternative way to model the depth to the Moho, and provide more consistent and broader coverage. We discuss the usefulness of gravity data to model Moho depth, and the advantages and disadvantages of several gravity modelling methods. As an example, a model of Australia's Moho is generated through seismically constrained gravity inversion, including an estimate of modelling uncertainty. The inversion results demonstrate that gravity inversion is generally useful, but that its usefulness is subject to the following limitations: 1 gravity inversion cannot spontaneously generate thick, high-density crust, nor thin, low-density crust, and, unless constrained, will not generate a correct Moho where such crust exists. 2 major errors in the denition of the a-priori density structure, in particular features that are xed during inversion, will inuence the Moho results. 3 applying a broad range of inversion parameters is necessary to characterise uncertainty. Model variability maps for Australia show that the average error is less than 5 km. There is a general relationship with seismic coverage, but the areas of highest uncertainty are not necessarily those with the lowest seismic estimate density. Comparison with pre- vious seismic, and seismic-gravity models of Australia's Moho indicates that low seismic data density limits use- fulness due to higher uncertainty in the gravity inversion. High-seismic data density also limits usefulness because Moho depth is largely known, and there is little scope for change. The usefulness of gravity inversion is maximum under conditions where seismic coverage is moderately dense, but estimates are well distributed. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2. Moho modelling using gravity data a review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2.1. Forward modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2.2. Inverse modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2.3. Process oriented approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 2.4. Methods used in this study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 3. Modelling results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4. Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4.1. Australia's Moho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4.2. The capabilities and limitations of gravity inversion for Moho modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 4.3. The inuence of seismic constraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 5. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 1. Introduction A knowledge of the thickness of the Earth's crust and the mor- phology and character of its interface with the mantle is fundamental Tectonophysics xxx (2012) xxxxxx Corresponding author. Tel.: +61 8 6488 5804. E-mail address: [email protected] (A.R.A. Aitken). TECTO-125531; No of Pages 12 0040-1951/$ see front matter © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.049 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Please cite this article as: Aitken, A.R.A., et al., Australia's Moho: A test of the usefulness of gravity modelling for the determination of Moho depth, Tectonophysics (2012), doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.06.049

“Damages” in International Arbitration · LL.M. (Exeter), Wöss & Partners, Mexico City Washington DC – - Vienna, is a leading international arbitrator for complex infrastructure

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Page 1: “Damages” in International Arbitration · LL.M. (Exeter), Wöss & Partners, Mexico City Washington DC – - Vienna, is a leading international arbitrator for complex infrastructure

I C C A u s t r i a - Your Partner for Internat ional Trade and Law

“Damages” in International Arbitration

Up-date and recent Trends

Differences between Fair Market Value and market value in commercial and investment arbitration

The illegality threshold in the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard and Damages: Murphy v. Ecuador and the Spanish renewable energy cases

Piercing the veil: the effect of liquidated damages clauses in investment arbitration

Opinions with respect to the Chorzów formula

The problematic use of Damnum Emergens and Lucrum Cessans

with

Herfried Wöss & Adriana San Román

and Michael Nueber as Moderator

17 October 2019

5.00 pm – 7.00 pm Networking reception afterwards

Hotel Triest Vienna, Austria

Page 2: “Damages” in International Arbitration · LL.M. (Exeter), Wöss & Partners, Mexico City Washington DC – - Vienna, is a leading international arbitrator for complex infrastructure

Recent Trends on Damages in International Arbitration

General Counsel

Attorneys at law

Arbitrators and Counsel

Financial and Economic Experts

Project-, Contract- and Claim-Managers

„Damages” - have arguably become one of the most important and complex issues in international arbitration, and for good reason, because for a claimant at least, the

damages are the arbitration’s very raison d’être.” Prof. Loukas Mistelis, Queen Mary College University of London

“Damages” are the principal remedy in international business, in particular, with respect to complex long-term contracts such as turnkey construction projects, public-private partnerships, concessions, oil & gas projects, and also as regards less complex contractual relationships such as international sales contracts where specific performance is often not available under the applicable law, or simply not practical. In investment arbitration damages are the principal remedy.

The objective of this conference is to provide an update on hot topics and tendencies in damages in commercial and investment arbitration. Institutional partners:

T a r g e t G r o u p

B a c k g r o u n d & O b j e c t i v e

Platinum sponsor:

P a r t n e r s

Page 3: “Damages” in International Arbitration · LL.M. (Exeter), Wöss & Partners, Mexico City Washington DC – - Vienna, is a leading international arbitrator for complex infrastructure

Recent Trends on Damages in International Arbitration

Mag. Dr. Lic. Herfried Wöss, LL.M. (Exeter), Wöss & Partners, Mexico City – Washington DC - Vienna, is a leading international arbitrator for complex infrastructure projects and damages cases currently sitting as president on large gas pipeline and infrastructure project arbitrations, counsel in arbitrations in Frankfurt, Mexico City, Lima and Guatemala, and damages consultant in complex damages arbitrations and litigations. He has trained and worked in Austria, the Legal Service of the European Commission, the UK and Mexico and is a Special Legal Consultant in Washington DC. He has extensive experience in arbitration under the ICC, ICSID UNCITRAL, ICDR, LCIA and various local arbitration rules and is listed in the International Who's Who of Commercial Arbitration, GAR ART and The Legal 500. He is a co-founder of the Investment Arbitration Forum, member of the ICC Arbitration Commission, Executive Board Member of the North America Branch of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (2014-18), and country representative of the Dispute Resolution Board Foundation, as well as an advisor to the ICCA-ASIL Task Force on Damages in International Arbitration. He was visiting scholar at the Georgetown University Law Center for arbitration, international and comparative damages law. Lic. Adriana San Román, M.A. in Finance & Investment (Exeter), Wöss & Partners, Mexico City – Washington DC - Vienna, is founding partner at Wöss & Partners with more than 20 years of experience in financial engineering, infrastructure projects. She has vast experience as counsel in international arbitrations and is a prestigious damages expert in domestic and international arbitrations currently acting in a large ICDR arbitration related to oil platforms and the formulation of a significant damages claim in an aqueduct project. Along with Dr. Wöss and two preeminent economists, Adriana San Román is author of the monograph Damages in International Arbitration under Complex Long-term Contracts, Oxford University Press, 2014. Mrs. San Román is member of the ICCA-ASIL Task Force on Damages in International Arbitration. The Legal 500 has named her along with her partner as “the foremost experts in Mexico for complex arbitration involving damages.” Adriana San Román is Attorney at Law admitted to practice in Mexico holding a degree with summa cum laude from the National Autonomous University of Mexico, and as Ford Foundation scholar she graduated from the University of Exeter with an M.A. in Finance and Investments, and also approved the Level 1 of the New York Chartered Financial Analyst exam (CFA). Dr Michael Nueber (Moderator) is an attorney-at-law with Gasser Partner Attorneys and operates from both Vienna and Liechtenstein. He advises private clients and institutional investors in different dispute resolutions matters, including international arbitration. Dr Michael Nueber is the author of more than fifty articles and books on arbitration-related matters. In spring 2019 Dr Michael Nueber was appointed University Lecturer for International Arbitration at the University of Innsbruck.

Publ. Nr. Lang. Titel US$

[+] En Herfried Wöss, Adriana San Román Rivera, Pablo T. Spiller, Santiago Dellepiane, Damages in International Arbitration under Complex Long-term Contracts (Oxford University Press, 2014)

260,00

S p e a k e r s

P u b l i c a t i o n s

Page 4: “Damages” in International Arbitration · LL.M. (Exeter), Wöss & Partners, Mexico City Washington DC – - Vienna, is a leading international arbitrator for complex infrastructure

Recent Trends on Damages in International Arbitration

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further ICC Austria conferences and courses:

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“Damages” in International Arbitration - Up-date and recent Trends Hotel Triest, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 12, 1040 Vienna, Austria

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Damages in International Arbitration

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