“Forestry under global change” · Forestry under global change. Barcelona. November 26, 2018. 1. Introduction 2. Urbanization 3. Tertiarization 4. Globalization 5. Discussion

“Forestry under global change”

EFI Young Leadership ProgrammeBarcelona. November 26, 2018

Christine FARCYUCLouvain

With the support of the Walloon Minister of Forests

1. Introduction 2. Urbanization 5. Discussion3. Tertiarization 4. Globalization

Forestry under global change. Barcelona. November 26, 2018.


Focus on forestry rather than forest Forestry is understood as generically embracing

both theory and practice of all that constitutes the management and use of forests, including their preservation and restauration

Made by sets of rules, implicit or explicit knowledge and skills, forestry constitutes a broad toolbox dedicated to orientate and support human intentional interventions on forests

Forestry is often associated with a specific economic sector dedicated to valorising forests products and to framing their exchanges



Forestry framed by evolving context Forest contributed to the development of

human’s societies and civilizations thorough history

Forestry always, under continuous processes of change and adaptation

Conceptual basis were long-time implicit

Disciplinary corpus further formalized in Germany and France with the industrial revolution

G. L. Hartig(1764-1837)

E. F. Dralet(1760-1844)

H. C. von Carlowitz(1645-1714)

H. Cotta(1763-1844)



Industrial / Modern / Scientific forestry

Timber primacy and wake effect

Relying on rationality and scientific knowledge: silviculture and the economics (sustained yield)

Rural land specialization and explicit tenure rights

« Command and control » governance scheme

Specialized institutions: ministry, research, academia

Dominant model until recently: spread worldwide being exported and adapted, or imposed by colonial power. Still permeate today the framework

Example in Algeria: Boundary marker of forest estate and uniform of forest officers (Photo: Ch. Farcy)



Forestry models

Implicit Community-

based forestry

Modernforestry

Explicit « Community

based forestry »

Sustainable forestry

Urban forestry

Multifunctional forestry

Landscape approach

Ecosystem approach

Pre-industrial Industrial Post-industrial

Agrarian

Ecosystem services

approach



Forestry models

Implicit Community-

based forestry

Modernforestry


based forestry »


Urban forestry


Landscape approach

Ecosystem approach


Agrarian

Ecosystem services

approach



Forestry models

Implicit Community-

based forestry

Modernforestry


based forestry »


Urban forestry


Landscape approach

Ecosystem approach


Agrarian

Ecosystem services

approach



Forestry models

Implicit Community-

based forestry

Modernforestry


based forestry »


Urban forestry


Landscape approach

Ecosystem approach


Agrarian

Ecosystem services

approach



Forestry models

Implicit Community-

based forestry

Modernforestry


based forestry »


Urban forestry


Landscape approach

Ecosystem approach


Agrarian

Ecosystem services

approach



Forestry, like others relying on material goods, is facing mega societal changes challenging its pillars

Less addressed than environmental ones Inducing new relationship between people and forest,

and between peoples in their relationship with forest

Tertiarization Globalization Urbanization



Urbanization is the increase in the proportion of population living in cities and settlements versus rural areas

Trends Urban vs rural population growth (Source: UN 2014)

Casablanca: 3,6 million inh. (Copyright DR)Barcelona: 1,6 million inh. (photo: www.Barcelona-autrement.com)



Trends Cities are home to 55% of the global population

• About half of the urban population is living in small settlements (less than 500,000 inhabitants)

• One out of seven people is installed in a city with 1 million inhabitants or more

Global urban population growth and cities size (Source: UN 2014)



Some findings

Mirror of rurality which is somehow orphan and worried today (social desertification)

Deeply changing lifestyles and practices

Inducing new pressures but also offering new opportunities and perspectives to forest and tree

Inducing or revealing deep changes in social representations of the forest

Deeply challenging forest communication

“City is a clearing” Harrison (1992)

Mediterranean forests under global change. Barcelona. November 26, 2018.

«Hidden Life of Trees » 400.000 copies sold. Essay best-

seller, 2015

« Are trees the new whales? Noble creatures massacred by men? »

Cemetery in the forest. 3400 funeral urns (3000 euros each).

Finance integral reserves

« Bullshit! If we plant trees it is to cut them »

« The more urbanization accelerates, the more nature is sacralised! »

Today more than 1 Million and translate in 35

countries



Example (around social representation issues)

Courrier International n° 1324 (17-23 March 2016)« The Germans have always displayed a visceral attachment to their forests. Today more than ever, it is in the middle of beeches, oaks and spruces that they will revitalize themselves. Yet, their consumption of firewood and construction is skyrocketing. Dilemma » (Die Zeit, Henning Sussebach, Florian Janicke).

Firewood: 10 m3/yearInstead of 1,06 at national level



TrendsEmployment & Economic Sectors

Value Added in Agriculture, Industry and Services as share of GDP (Source: UN 2014)

Tertiarization of the economy is the process leading to the predominance of the sector of services in the economy



Findings The sector of services largely dominating the economy,

and occupies the major part of the active population in the world

Modifying professional modalities and way of life

Opening news doors to forests and trees through the immaterial goods they provide

Deeply changing the framework, the rules, the processes and the modalities of production and exchanges of goods between economic actors

Modifying the way to conceive innovation

Photo: Tõnu TunnelPhoto: http://www.santimamiñe.com Photo: Pixabay CCO

Example: Human health



Photo: https://www.waldengame.com/

(Source: European Centre of Environment and Human Health)

Photo: Sébastien Launay

Photo: Naomie Herpin-Saunier



Trends

Globalization process involves the fact that we all increasingly live in one world, as individuals, companies, groups and nations, and become ever more interdependent, interconnected and geographically mobile than ever before (Giddens and Sutton 2017)

Evolution of KOF index of globalization since 1980 (Source: KOF 2017)

KOF: "Konjunkturforschungsstelle" which means business cycle research institute



Trends

Regions Number of

inhabitants

Number of

Internet users

% of total

Internet

users

Growth of

Internet

users since

2000 (%)

% of

inhabitants

being users

of Internet

Africa 1,246,504,865 388,376,491 10.0 8,503.1 31.2

Asia 4,148,177,672 1,938,075,631 49.7 1,595.5 46.7

Europe 822,710,362 659,634,487 17.0 527.6 80.2

Latin America / Caribbean 647,604,645 404,269,163 10.4 2,137.4 62.4

Middle East 250,327,574 146,972,123 3.8 4,374.3 58.7

North America 363,224,006 320,059,368 8.2 196.1 88.1

Oceania / Australia 40,479,846 28,180,356 0.7 269.8 69.6

World total 7,519,028,970 3,885,567,619 100.0 976.4 51.7

Spread of the Internet in the world in 2017 (source: Internetworldstats, 30 June 2017)



Findings Globalization in its economic, social and political components. Shorting distance Overcoming borders Accelerating exchanges Standardizing practices Flattening hierarchical structures Fragmenting the institutional scene Pushing for interdependence Globalization impacts everyone everywhere and in multiple ways

7 April 2017

Illustration of the reaction against a new Law in Poland

The media often surfs on dominant social representations and contribute to reinforce them



Example: “Media bath”


Ethical models on the scene


On the physicality (the body)

Discontinuity Continuity

Animism(Native peoples of Canada)

Totemism(Aborigines of Australia)

Analogism(pre-Columbian Mexico)

Naturalism(Western societies today)

On

th

e in

teri

ori

ty (

the

sp

irit

)

Co

nti

nu

ity

Dis

con

tin

uit

y

Source: Nicole Huyens 2018 udapted from Descola 2005)


Ethical model on the scene


On the physicality (the body)

Discontinuity Continuity

Animism Totemism

Analogism

Naturalism

Anthropo-centric

Biocentric Ecocentric

Valuing humanity

Valuing any life

Valuing natural

ecosystem

On

th

e in

teri

ori

ty (

the

sp

irit

)

Co

nti

nu

ity

Dis

con

tin

uit

y

Source: Nicole Huyens 2018 udapted from Descola 2005)



Some lessons learnt For long-time

Forester was acting like the “symbolic owner” of the forest

Dialogue and decision-making were made based on science and economy

Societal changes requires posture change Forester from forest manager toward manager of the

relationships between people and the forest (role of human and social sciences)

Forester to review the deontology of its profession Ethical and symbolical dimensions part of the dialogue

and the decision-making process



Some lessons learnt Trends toward the “sacralising” forest (untouched

forest) by the societies but also thanks to some policies (such as climate change) is a major challenge

To be addressed scientifically Understanding deeply why? (psycho-sociology and

social representation surveys) Understanding the role of media in forging social

representation through media observatory (movies, videogames, literature, …)

Building and conceiving new models of communication


Launching dialogue on the forestry of tomorrow

- Interdisciplinary and crosscutting contributions by authors from diverse backgrounds and horizons

- The intention being to show how usual or familiar borders and traditional comfort zones are porous, shaky and moving

- Obliging to review or update practices, skills, knowledge and even principles, and to open eyes and arms.


With Youth !

Thank you for your attention!

Documents

“Forestry under global change” · Forestry under global change. Barcelona. November 26, 2018. 1. Introduction 2. Urbanization 3. Tertiarization 4. Globalization 5. Discussion