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High-energy hadron physics at J-PARC
“KEK theory center workshop on Hadron and Nuclear Physics in 2017 ”
KEK, January 7 - 10, 2017
Wen-Chen Chang
Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica
Outline
• High-momentum beamline at J-PARC
• Physics programs:
– Charm and strangeness production
– Hard exclusive process
– Exclusive Drell-Yan process
• Summary
2
3
J-PARC Facility(KEK/JAEA)
Bird’s eye photo in January of 2008
South to North
ExperimentalAreas
Neutrino Beams(to Kamioka)
JFY2009 Beams
Hadron Exp. Facility
Materials and Life Experimental Facility
JFY2008 Beams
3 GeV Synchrotron
JFY2007 Beams
Linac
4
K1.8
KL
SKS
K1.8BR
Beam
Lines
Experiment Secondary particles Max. Mom. Max. Intensity
K1.8 Hypernuclei,
Hadron Physics with S
p, K, p (2 separators) < 2.0 GeV/c ~105 Hz for K+
K1.8BR Hadron Physics with S p, K, p (1 separator) < 1.0 GeV/c ~104 Hz for K+
K1.1BR Lepton Flavor violation p, K, p (1 separator) < 1.1 GeV/c ~104 Hz for K+
KL Neutral K rare decay Neural Kaon ~ 2 GeV/c ~106 Hz
Intense pion, kaon beam in the momentum range of ~ 1 GeV/c
Jan.2009
Oct.2009
Oct.2009
K1.1(plan)
Hadron Experimental Facility (HEF)
J-PARC High-momentum Beam Line(Hi-P BL)
• High-intensity secondary Pion beam
• High-resolution beam: Δp/p ~ 0.1%
5
15kW Loss Target (SM)
30 GeV proton
J-PARC High-momentum Beam Line(Hi-P BL)
• High-intensity secondary Pion beam
• High-resolution beam: Δp/p ~ 0.1%
* Sanford-Wang: 15 kW Loss on Pt, Acceptance :1.5 msr%, 133.2 m
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
1.0E+09
0 5 10 15 20
Co
un
ts/s
ec
[GeV/c]
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
1.0E+09
0 5 10 15 20
Co
un
ts/s
ec
[GeV/c]
Negative Hadron Beams(Prod. Angle = 0 deg.)
p-
K-
pbar
p+
K+
Positive Hadron Beams(Prod. Angle = 3.1 deg.)
6
Di-quark Correlation in
Heavy-quark system
8H. Noumi, KEK workshop 2015
J-PARC E50
9
Stage-1 approved by J-PARC PAC-18, August 12, 2014.
H. Noumi, KEK workshop 2017
J-PARC E50
10H. Noumi, KEK workshop 2017
Stage-1 approved by J-PARC PAC-18, August 12, 2014.
Charmed Baryon Spectroscopy
11H. Noumi, KEK workshop 2017
Pentaquark Pc
12H. Noumi, KEK workshop 2017
current limit
Ξ Spectroscopy with kaon beam
• Missing & Invariant Mass
Spectroscopy
• 5 GeV/c K− p reaction up to 2.5 GeV Ξ
* by K* tagging, threshold momentum for 2.5
GeV Ξ production is 5.5 GeV/c.
14
Yield Estimation
IK=106/spill
σ=1μb
dΩ/4π = 50%
4g/cm2 LH2 target
Y ~104/day 0
1
2
3
4
5
g.s.
Ξ(1530)
Ξ(1690)
Ξ(1820)Ξ(1950)Ξ(2030)
Ξ(2500)(Ge
V/c
)
Threshold momentum
in p(K−,K+)
M. Naruki, Baryon 2016
Quark Structure of Exotic Hadrons
16T. Hyodo, NSTAR 2015
Λ(1405)
• Y. Kamiya and T. Hyodo [PRC 93, 035203 (2016); 1509.00146 ]: compositeness property, ഥ𝑲𝐍 molecule.
• K. Miyahara and T. Hyodo [PRC 93, 015201 (2016); 1506.05724 ]: KN local potential based on chiral SU(3) dynamics
• J. Hall et al. [PRL 114, 132002 (2015); 1411.3402]: Lattice QCD, ഥ𝑲𝐍 molecule.
• T. Sekihara and S. Kumano [PRC 89, 025202 (2014); 1311.4637]:radiative decay for determining the compositeness.
• L. Roca and E. Oset [PRC 87, 055201 (2013); 1301.5741]: Two-pole structures, ഥ𝑲𝐍 and 𝝅𝜮.
• T. Hyodo [Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 28, 1330045 (2013); 1310.1176]: compositeness property.
• T. Sekihara et al. [Phys.Rev.C83:055202(2011); 1012.3232]: meson-baryon coupled-channels chiral dynamics, ഥ𝑲𝐍molecule.
• …
17Production channels, decay, size and medium effect …
Large-angle (Hard) Exclusive Process 𝑎 + 𝑏 → 𝑐 + 𝑑H. Kawamura et al., PRD 88, 034010 (2013)
18
Gluon propagator
Quark propagator
External quarks
Leading and connected Feynman diagrams
2, |t| ( , , , )is m i a b c d
a c
b d
Large-angle (Hard) Exclusive Process 𝑎 + 𝑏 → 𝑐 + 𝑑H. Kawamura et al., PRD 88, 034010 (2013)
19
Gluon propagator
Quark propagator
External quarks
Leading and connected Feynman diagrams
2, |t| ( , , , )is m i a b c d
Factorizationb
a c
d
Constituent-Counting Rule in Hard Exclusive ProcessH. Kawamura et al., PRD 88, 034010 (2013)
20
p n p ++ +0Kpp - + +
2
1( ) ( ) CMn a b c d
da b n nc d f
dt sn n n
-++ + ++
1 3 2 3 7n + + + 2 3 2 3 8n + + +
G. P. Lepage and S. J. Brodsky, PRD 22, 2157 (1980).
21
𝜦; n=10.0 𝚺; n=11.4
𝜦(𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟓); n=10.6 𝜦(𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟎); n=9.8
Constituent-Counting Rule in Photoproduction of HyperonsChang, Kumano, Sekihara, PRD 93, 034006 (2016)
5 system: 11
3 system: 9
q n
q n
Constituent-Counting Rule in Photoproduction of HyperonsChang, Kumano, Sekihara, PRD 93, 034006 (2016)
22
5 system: 11
3 system: 9
q n
q n
𝜦
𝚺
𝜦(𝟏𝟒𝟎𝟓)
𝜦(𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟎)
𝚺(1385)
Valence-Quark Degrees of (1405)H. Kawamura et al., PRD 88, 034010 (2013)
23
0K (1405)pp - + +
J-PARC
T. SekiharaKEK workshop 2015
Generalized Transverse-Momentum-
Dependent Parton Distribution Functions (GTMDs)
25
F( , , t)x
f( , )Tx k
1 2( ), ( )F t F tf( )x
JHEP 08 (2008) 038; 08 (2009) 056
2 2 0q Q
Light Antiquark Flavor Asymmetry: Drell-Yan Experiments with Proton Beam
• Naïve Assumption:
• NMC (Gottfried Sum
Rule):
• NA51 (Drell-Yan, 1994):
• E866/NuSea (Drell-Yan,
1998):
28time
Time-like process
29
Drell-Yan decay angular distributions
Collins-Soper frame
and are the decay polar
and azimuthal angles of the
μ+ in the dilepton rest-frame
0
0 1 2O
annilation parton mode
( ) =1,
l:
= =0; 0s A
q
A
q
A
0
2 2
2
1
2 22
(1 cos sin 2 cos sin cos2 )2
((1 cos ) (1 3cos ) sin 2 cos sin cos2 )2 2
d
A
d
AA
+ + +
+ + - + +
1
0 2Collinear pQCD
Lam-Tung relation (1978)
: O( ), ;1 2 =0 s A A - -
E615 @ FNAL: Violation of Lam-Tung RelationPRD 39, 92 (1989)
30
252-GeV p-+W
1 2 =0 - -
cos2 modulation at large Tp
Theoretical Interpretations of Lam-Tung
Violation in pion-induced DY
31
Boer-Mulders
Function
QCD chromo-
magnetic effect
Glauber gluon
Origin of effect Hadron QCD vacuum Pion specific
Quark-flavor
dependence
Yes No No
Hadron dependence Yes No Yes
Large PT limit 0 Nonzero 0
Violation for 𝜋𝑝 Yes (valence quarks
involved)
Yes Yes
Violation for 𝐾𝑝 Yes (valence quarks
involved)
Yes Yes/No
Violation for ҧ𝑝𝑝 Yes (valence quarks
involved)
Yes No
Violation for 𝑝𝑝 No (sea quarks involved) Yes No
References PRD 60, 014012 (1999) Z. Phy. C 60,697 (1993) PLB 726, 262 (2013)
Measurements with different beams , , , over wide kinematical ranges
would help differentiating the origin of Lam-Tung violation.
p K pp
Higher Twist Effect at large 𝑥𝜋E615 (PRD 39, 92 (1989))
32
xp
cos
Transversely polarized
Longitudinally polarized
+1
-1
Higher Twist Effect at large 𝑥𝜋Berger and Brodsky (PRL 42, 940, (1979))
33
2 2
2 2 2
2
4(1 ) (1 cos ) sin
9
Tx kd x
m
p
p
- + +
2(1 cos )d +
Semi-Exclusive DY processA. P. Bakulev, N. G. Stefanis, and O. V. Teryaev
(Phys. Rev. D 76, 074032 (2007))
34
Sensitivity of ,, to Pion DA
Pion distribution amplitude
ux
pN+-N (Leading-twist)E.R. Berger, M. Diehl, B. Pire, PLB 523 (2001) 265
35
𝑡 = 𝑝 − 𝑝′ 2
𝑄′2 = 𝑞′2 > 02 2
2
' '
2 N
Q Q
pq s M
-
( ')
( ') 2
p p
p p
+
+
-
+ -
x - x +
Generalized Transverse-Momentum-
Dependent Parton Distribution Functions (GTMDs)
36
F( , , t)x
f( , )Tx k
1 2( ), ( )F t F tf( )x
JHEP 08 (2008) 038; 08 (2009) 056
x+ x-
t
GPD
s
PP’
( ,0,0) ( ) ( )
( ,0,0) ( ) ( )
f f f
f f f
H x q x q x
H x q x q x
- -
- -
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
( , , ) ( )
( , , ) ( )
( , , ) ( )
( , , ) ( )
f
f
f
f
f A
f
f p
f
dx H x t F t
dx E x t F t
dx H x t G t
dx E x t G t
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
( , , )GPD x t
Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD)
2)'( PPt -
0t
5
( , , ) ( , , )
( , , ) ( , , )
f f
f f
no spin flip H x t H x t
spin flip E x t E x t
37
The first moments
GPDs for (unstable) hadronsH. Kawamura and S. Kumano, PRD 89, 054007 (2014)
38
Softening of long. mom. fraction x. Softening of transverse form factor.
GPDs GDAs
x+ x-
t
GPDsP P’
( ,0,0) ( ) ( )
( ,0,0) ( ) ( )
f f f
f f f
H x q x q x
H x q x q x
- -
- -
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
( , , ) ( )
( , , ) ( )
( , , ) ( )
( , , ) ( )
f
f
f
f
f A
f
f p
f
dx H x t F t
dx E x t F t
dx H x t G t
dx E x t G t
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1 1 [ ( , ,0) ( , ,0)]
2 2
f f
f f fJ L xdx H x E x -
+ +
( , , )GPD x t
Ji’s sum rule
Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD)
2)'( PPt -
0t
5
( , , ) ( , , )
( , , ) ( , , )
f f
f f
no spin flip H x t H x t
spin flip E x t E x t
39
The first moments
The orbital angular momentum of quarks can be determined.
41
Muller et al., PRD 86 031502(R) (2012)
Extraction of GPDsSpace-like vs. Time-like Processes
Deeply Virtual Meson Production
(DVMP)
Exclusive meson-induced DY
2 0q +
-
channel crossings u
2 0q 2 0q
channel crossings u
+
-Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
(DVCS)
Time-like Compton Scattering
(TCS)
𝜋𝜋
𝛾∗
𝛾∗
𝛾∗
𝛾∗
2 0q
𝛾 𝛾
0t
0t
| |x
1 , 1x x -
2 2
2
' '0.2
2 N
Q Q
pq s M
-𝑡 = 𝑝 − 𝑝′ 2= - 0.2 GeV2at at
Cross sections increase toward small s (→ low beam energy)
Production is dominant at forward angles
Differential cross sectionsT. Sawada, W.C. Chang, S. Kumano, J.C. Peng, S. Sawada, K. Tanaka
(Phys. Rev. D93 (2016) 114034; arXiv:1605.00364)
𝑄′2 = 𝑞′2 = 5 𝐺𝑒𝑉2
42
Sensitivity to Pion DAsT. Sawada, W.C. Chang, S. Kumano, J.C. Peng, S. Sawada, K. Tanaka
(Phys. Rev. D93 (2016) 114034; arXiv:1605.00364)
43
GPDs: GK2013
Differential cross sections with an
updated time-like pion FF
47
P. Kroll, MENU 2016
S.V. Goloskokov, P. Kroll, PLB 748 (2015) 323
Beyond the Leading Twist
48
Transversity GPDs: 𝐻𝑇, ത𝐸𝑇
S.V. Goloskokov, P. Kroll, PLB 748 (2015) 323
Non-factorizable Mechanisms
49K. Tanaka, MENU 2016, KEK workshop 2017
Light-cone QCD Sum-Rule
50K. Tanaka, MENU 2016, KEK workshop 2017
J-PARC High-momentum Beam Line(Hi-P BL)
• High-intensity secondary Pion beam
• High-resolution beam: Δp/p ~ 0.1%
* Sanford-Wang: 15 kW Loss on Pt, Acceptance :1.5 msr%, 133.2 m
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
1.0E+09
0 5 10 15 20
Co
un
ts/s
ec
[GeV/c]
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
1.0E+09
0 5 10 15 20
Co
un
ts/s
ec
[GeV/c]
Negative Hadron Beams(Prod. Angle = 0 deg.)
p-
K-
pbar
p+
K+
Positive Hadron Beams(Prod. Angle = 3.1 deg.)
51
Total LO cross sections
52
BMP2001 GK2013
J-PARC (Pp=10-20 GeV) σ = 5 ~15 pb
CERN COMPASS (Pp= 190 GeV) = 0.65 pb
Top View
(0.2m) (2.3 m)
(2.4x1.8 m2)
(3.5x2.5 m2)
Muon-ID Wall
Original Configuration
for Charmed Baryon SpectroscopyExtension part
Proposal is currently
being prepared.
Extension of J-PARC E50 Experiment
for Drell-Yan measurement
53
Simulation
54
• Target : 57cm LH2 (nTGT = 4 g/cm2 )
• Beam momentum resolution( Δp/p ) = 0.1 %
• 1.83/1.58/1.00 *107 𝜋− /spill for 10/15/20 GeV beam
• Data Taking: 50 days (*Proposal of E50: 100 days)
• E50 spectrometers + μ ID system
・ Total hadronic interaction cross sections
of 𝜋−𝑝 is about 20-30 mb while the
production of J/𝜓 is about 1-3 nb
Expected cross sections for the exclusive/inclusive Drell-Yan processes
Assumptions:
Geant 4.9.3(E-50 spectrometer + Muon ID)
・ Exclusive Drell-YanGPD:BDP 2001: EPJC 23, 675 (2002)GK 2013: EPJC 73, 2278 (2013)GK 2015: PLB 748, 323 (2015)
・ Inclusive Drell-Yan Pythia 6.4.26
・ BackgroundJAM 1.132
π π+
10 GeV 2.11 nb 0.323 nb
15 GeV 2.71 nb 0.493 nb
20 GeV 3.08 nb 0.616 nb
-
π-
(BDP 2001)
π-
(GK 2013)
π-
(GK 2015)
10 GeV 6.28 pb 17.53 pb 140 pb
15 GeV 4.66 pb 10.64 pb 20 pb
20 GeV 3.69 pb 7.24 pb
π π+
10 GeV 26.9 mb 24.8 mb
15 GeV 25.8 mb 24.1 mb
20 GeV 25.1 mb 23.5 mb
-
Event GeneratorInclusive Drell-Yan (Mμμ>1.5 GeV)
Exclusive Drell-Yan (Mμμ>1.5 GeV, |t-t0|<0.5 GeV2)
Hadronic Background
Total Cross Section
Particle Transportation + Detector
Yield Estimation
55
Invariant mass Mμ+μ- spectraT. Sawada, W.C. Chang, S. Kumano, J.C. Peng, S. Sawada, K. Tanaka
(Phys. Rev. D93 (2016) 114034; arXiv:1605.00364)
56
・ Data Taking: 50 days
Pπ = 10 GeV 15 GeV 20 GeV𝜋− Beam Momentum
・ “GK2013” GPDs
・ Mμ+μ- > 1.5 GeV
・ |t - t0|< 0.5 GeV2
Missing-mass MX (GeV) Missing-mass MX (GeV)Mμ+μ- (GeV) Mμ+μ- (GeV) Mμ+μ- (GeV)
Exclusive Drell-Yan
J/𝜓
Random backgrounds
InclusiveDrell-Yan
Total
J/𝜓
Missing-mass MX spectraT. Sawada, W.C. Chang, S. Kumano, J.C. Peng, S. Sawada, K. Tanaka
(Phys. Rev. D93 (2016) 114034; arXiv:1605.00364)
57
・ 1.5 < Mμ+μ- < 2.9 GeV
・ |t - t0|< 0.5 GeV2
Pπ = 10 GeV 15 GeV 20 GeV𝜋− Beam Momentum
MX (GeV) MX (GeV) MX (GeV)
・ “GK2013” GPDs
ExclusiveDrell-Yan
Randombackgrounds
Inclusive Drell-Yan
Total
J/𝜓
The exclusive Drell-Yan events could be identified by the signature peak at the nucleon mass in the missing-mass spectrum for all three pion beam momenta.
・ Data Taking: 50 days
• JLAB, HERMES, COMPASS → Space-like approach• J-PARC → Time-like approach
Q2
or
Q’2
(GeV
2)
xB or τ (GeV2)
Kinematic regions of GPDs
explored by space-like and time-like processes
58
Impacts and Prospects
• Impacts:– Factorization of exclusive Drell-Yan process.
– Universality of GPDs in space-like and time-like processes.
– Pion DAs.
– Separation of contributions from GPDs and transversity-GPDs through the dilepton angular distributions.
• Prospects: with an increase of beam time (50100 days) and beam luminosity and optimization of setup
– GPD at large-Q2 region
– QCD-evolution properties of GPDs
59
“GPD” and “Transition GPD”
• 𝜋−p → γ∗𝑛
• 𝜋−p → γ∗∆0
• 𝜋−n → γ∗∆−
• 𝜋+n → γ∗p
• 𝜋+p → γ∗∆++
• 𝜋+n → γ∗∆+
• 𝐾−p → γ∗Λ
• 𝐾−p → γ∗Λ(1405)
• 𝐾−p → γ∗Λ(1520)
• 𝐾−n → γ∗Σ−
• 𝐾+n → γ∗Θ+
60
, Kp
,p n , , ,N
*
“Transition GPD”: L. L. Frankfurt et al., PRD 60, 014010 (1999)
Hi-p Collaboration
61H. Noumi, KEK workshop 2017
Summary
• It is unique to use the hard exclusive processes to investigate the spectroscopy and partonicstructures of hadrons at J-PARC.
– Excited charm and strange baryons.
– Internal structures of exotic hadrons.
– GPDs in the time-like processes; pion DAs, Transition GPD.
• A “high-P collaboration” is formed to realize the broad experimental programs in the coming high-momentum beamline at J-PARC.
62