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282 Collection 10: Epic and MythPart 1
In ancient Greece, heroes in epic poems like the Odyssey represented the
highest values of Greek civilization. In Homer’s day, heroes were thought of
as a special class of men, somewhere between the gods and ordinary human
beings. As you read “The Cyclops,” see how Odysseus uses his special
qualities to save himself and his men from becoming a monster’s meal.
LITERARY FOCUS: HEROES AT LARGEEpics are long narrative poems that tell of the great deeds of a hero. In an
epic, the main character is the hero. (In many epics the hero’s enemy is also
a major character.) Heroes usually represent qualities that their society
admires. Some people today, for example, see sports stars, popular singers,
great scientists, or firefighters as their heroes. In epics told long ago, the
heroes are often superhuman warriors, who set off on journeys to win
something of great value for themselves and for their people.
The conflicts, or struggles between opposing forces, in an epic are usually
external, as the heroes battle armies, monsters, or the forces of nature. Epic
heroes can also face internal conflicts—caused by fear, doubt, weakness,
and so on.
• First, read “The Cyclops” for enjoyment. Then, consider what the adven-
ture reveals about the values of the ancient Greeks.
READING SKILLS: MONITOR YOUR COMPREHENSIONGood readers pause occasionally to make sure they understand what they
have read. When you read a long, action-filled poem such as this one, it is
important to stay on top of events—to understand what is happening.
Pause during your reading to ask yourself the following questions:
• What has happened so far?
• What has caused those events?
• What are the most important events in this episode?
• When do the events take place?
• What might happen next?
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“The Cyclops” from the Odysseyby Homer
Literary SkillsUnderstand
characteristics ofepic poetry,
including heroesand theirexternalconflicts.
ReadingSkills
Monitor yourcomprehension.
VocabularySkills
Learn wordsfrom Greek and
Roman myths.
The Cyclops 283
ravage (rav√ij) v.: destroy violently; ruin.
The Cyclops planned to ravage Odysseus and hismen by eating them.
profusion (pr£·fyº√¤¥n) n.: large supply;
abundance.
With such a large flock of sheep, the Cyclops hada profusion of milk, cheese, and wool.
adversary (ad√v¥r·ser≈≤) n.: enemy; opponent.
Odysseus had to find a way to defeat his adversary, the Cyclops.
PREVIEW SELECTION VOCABULARYThe following words appear in “The Cyclops.” Become familiar with them
before you begin reading.
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WORDS FROM GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHSMany words we use in English today come from Greek and Roman myths. For
example, a journey or quest is often called an odyssey, named for the Odyssey,
the epic poem from which “The Cyclops” is taken. Other words from “The
Cyclops” that have been handed down are ambrosia, meaning “food of the
gods,” and nectar, meaning “drink of the gods.” Look at the chart below to
learn of other words handed down from Greek and Roman myths.
Names from Greek and Roman Myths English Words
Ceres, Roman goddess of agriculture and fertility cereal
Mount Olympus, legendary home of gods and
goddesses Olympics
Tantalus, character from Greek myth whose
food and drink were kept just out of his reach,
as punishment tantalize
Titans, race of giant Greek gods and goddesses
who came before the Olympians titanic
Vulcan, Roman god of fire and metalworkers volcano
The Odyssey is the story of the attempt of a Greek soldier, Odysseus,
to return to his home following the Trojan War. An epic, the
Odyssey is composed of many different stories, or episodes, in
which the hero, Odysseus, faces all sorts of challenges.
In this adventure, Odysseus describes his encounter with the
Cyclops, Polyphemus (päl≈i·f≤√m¥s), Poseidon’s one-eyed monster
son. Polyphemus may represent the brute forces that any hero must
overcome before he can reach home. To survive, Odysseus must rely
on the special intelligence associated with his name. Odysseus is the
cleverest of the Greek heroes because he is guided by the goddess of
wisdom, Athena.
It is Odysseus’s famed curiosity that leads him to the Cyclops’s
cave and that makes him insist on waiting for the barbaric giant.
Odysseus is speaking to the court of King Alcinous (al·sin√£·¥s).
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284 Collection 10: Epic and MythPart 1
Homertranslated by Robert Fitzgerald
The Cyclops (detail) (late 19th or early 20th century) by Odilon Redon.
Rijk
smu
seu
m K
rolle
r-M
ulle
r, O
tter
lo, t
he
Net
her
lan
ds.
B
rid
gem
an A
rt L
ibra
ry.
NotesNotes
From The Odyssey by Homer, translated byRobert Fitzgerald. Copyright © 1961, 1963 byRobert Fitzgerald; copyright renewed © 1989by Benedict R. C. Fitzgerald. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus & Giroux, LLC.
“We lit a fire, burnt an offering,
and took some cheese to eat; then sat in silence
around the embers, waiting. When he came
he had a load of dry boughs on his shoulder
to stoke his fire at suppertime. He dumped it
with a great crash into that hollow cave,
and we all scattered fast to the far wall.
Then over the broad cavern floor he ushered
the ewes he meant to milk. He left his rams
and he-goats in the yard outside, and swung
high overhead a slab of solid rock
to close the cave. Two dozen four-wheeled wagons,
with heaving wagon teams, could not have stirred
the tonnage of that rock from where he wedged it
over the doorsill. Next he took his seat
and milked his bleating ewes. A practiced job
he made of it, giving each ewe her suckling;
thickened his milk, then, into curds and whey,
sieved out the curds to drip in withy baskets,1
and poured the whey to stand in bowls
cooling until he drank it for his supper.
When all these chores were done, he poked the fire,
heaping on brushwood. In the glare he saw us.
‘Strangers,’ he said, ‘who are you? And where from?
What brings you here by seaways—a fair traffic?
Or are you wandering rogues, who cast your lives
like dice, and ravage other folk by sea?’
We felt a pressure on our hearts, in dread
of that deep rumble and that mighty man.
But all the same I spoke up in reply:
‘We are from Troy, Achaeans, blown off course
by shifting gales on the Great South Sea;
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The Cyclops 285
1. withy baskets: baskets made from willow twigs.
Pause at line 3. Odysseus andhis men are in the cave ofthe Cyclops, Polyphemus. Towhom do the men burn anoffering?
Who is the “he” in line 3?
Re-read lines 5-23, and payattention to the Cyclops’sactions. What qualities doeshe have?
ravage (rav√ij) v.: destroy violently; ruin.
homeward bound, but taking routes and ways
uncommon; so the will of Zeus would have it.
We served under Agamemnon, son of Atreus2—
the whole world knows what city
he laid waste, what armies he destroyed.
It was our luck to come here; here we stand,
beholden for your help, or any gifts
you give—as custom is to honor strangers.
We would entreat you, great Sir, have a care
for the gods’ courtesy; Zeus will avenge
the unoffending guest.’
He answered this
from his brute chest, unmoved:
‘You are a ninny,
or else you come from the other end of nowhere,
telling me, mind the gods! We Cyclopes
care not a whistle for your thundering Zeus
or all the gods in bliss; we have more force by far.
I would not let you go for fear of Zeus—
you or your friends—unless I had a whim to.
Tell me, where was it, now, you left your ship—
around the point, or down the shore, I wonder?’
He thought he’d find out, but I saw through this,
and answered with a ready lie:
‘My ship?
Poseidon Lord, who sets the earth atremble,
broke it up on the rocks at your land’s end.
A wind from seaward served him, drove us there.
We are survivors, these good men and I.’
Neither reply nor pity came from him,
but in one stride he clutched at my companions
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Pause at line 58. Why do youthink Odysseus lies about hisship?
Pause at line 50. Does theCyclops respect Zeus, asOdysseus does? Explain.
Underline the two gruesomeHomeric similes—extendedcomparisons using like oras—in lines 59-65.
Hospitality to strangers wasextremely important to theancient Greeks. Re-read lines38-43, and underline thewords that tell what willhappen if the Cyclops doesnot treat the Greeks well.
2. Agamemnon (ag≈¥·mem√nän≈); Atreus (†√tr≤·¥s).
and caught two in his hands like squirming puppies
to beat their brains out, spattering the floor.
Then he dismembered them and made his meal,
gaping and crunching like a mountain lion—
everything: innards, flesh, and marrow bones.
We cried aloud, lifting our hands to Zeus,
powerless, looking on at this, appalled;
but Cyclops went on filling up his belly
with manflesh and great gulps of whey,
then lay down like a mast among his sheep.
My heart beat high now at the chance of action,
and drawing the sharp sword from my hip I went
along his flank to stab him where the midriff
holds the liver. I had touched the spot
when sudden fear stayed me: if I killed him
we perished there as well, for we could never
move his ponderous doorway slab aside.
So we were left to groan and wait for morning.
When the young Dawn with fingertips of rose
lit up the world, the Cyclops built a fire
and milked his handsome ewes, all in due order,
putting the sucklings to the mothers. Then,
his chores being all dispatched, he caught
another brace3 of men to make his breakfast,
and whisked away his great door slab
to let his sheep go through—but he, behind,
reset the stone as one would cap a quiver.4
There was a din of whistling as the Cyclops
rounded his flock to higher ground, then stillness.
And now I pondered how to hurt him worst,
if but Athena granted what I prayed for.
Here are the means I thought would serve my turn:
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3. brace (br†s) n.: pair.4. quiver (kwiv√¥r) n.: case for arrows.
Line 79 contains a famousepithet—a group of wordsused repeatedly to describe acharacter. How is Dawndescribed in this epithet?
Pause at line 87. What pre-vents Odysseus and his menfrom escaping when theCyclops leaves?
How does Odysseus showboth his bravery and hisintelligence in lines 71-78?
a club, or staff, lay there along the fold—
an olive tree, felled green and left to season
for Cyclops’ hand. And it was like a mast
a lugger5 of twenty oars, broad in the beam—
a deep-seagoing craft—might carry:
so long, so big around, it seemed. Now I
chopped out a six-foot section of this pole
and set it down before my men, who scraped it;
and when they had it smooth, I hewed again
to make a stake with pointed end. I held this
in the fire’s heart and turned it, toughening it,
then hid it, well back in the cavern, under
one of the dung piles in profusion there.
Now came the time to toss for it: who ventured
along with me? Whose hand could bear to thrust
and grind that spike in Cyclops’ eye, when mild
sleep had mastered him? As luck would have it,
the men I would have chosen won the toss—
four strong men, and I made five as captain.
At evening came the shepherd with his flock,
his woolly flock. The rams as well, this time,
entered the cave: by some sheepherding whim—
or a god’s bidding—none were left outside.
He hefted his great boulder into place
and sat him down to milk the bleating ewes
in proper order, put the lambs to suck,
and swiftly ran through all his evening chores.
Then he caught two more men and feasted on them.
My moment was at hand, and I went forward
holding an ivy bowl of my dark drink,
looking up, saying:
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5. lugger (lugôr) n.: type of sailboat.
Pause at line 105. What doOdysseus and his men dowith the olive tree they findin the Cyclops’s cave?
profusion (pr£·fyº√¤¥n) n.:large supply; abundance.
Pause at line 111. Apparently,it was the custom among theancient Greeks for men totoss coins, dice, or somethingelse for the honor of partici-pating in a dangerous task.Why is Odysseus happy withthe outcome?
‘Cyclops, try some wine.
Here’s liquor to wash down your scraps of men.
Taste it, and see the kind of drink we carried
under our planks. I meant it for an offering
if you would help us home. But you are mad,
unbearable, a bloody monster! After this,
will any other traveler come to see you?’
He seized and drained the bowl, and it went down
so fiery and smooth he called for more:
‘Give me another, thank you kindly. Tell me,
how are you called? I’ll make a gift will please you.
Even Cyclopes know the wine grapes grow
out of grassland and loam in heaven’s rain,
but here’s a bit of nectar and ambrosia!’
Three bowls I brought him, and he poured them down.
I saw the fuddle and flush come over him,
then I sang out in cordial tones:
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NotesNotesOdysseus handingthe drink toPolyphemus.Relief on aGrecian marblesarcophagus (1stcentury A.D.).Museo ArcheologicoNazionale, Naples, Italy.Art Resource, NY.
Underline the alliteration—
repetition of consonantsounds in words closetogether—in line 138. Herefuddle means “drunkenness.”
Pause at line 126. Why doyou think Odysseus offers theCyclops wine?
‘Cyclops,
you ask my honorable name? Remember
the gift you promised me, and I shall tell you.
My name is Nohbdy: mother, father, and friends,
everyone calls me Nohbdy.’
And he said:
‘Nohbdy’s my meat, then, after I eat his friends.
Others come first. There’s a noble gift, now.’
Even as he spoke, he reeled and tumbled backward,
his great head lolling to one side; and sleep
took him like any creature. Drunk, hiccuping,
he dribbled streams of liquor and bits of men.
Now, by the gods, I drove my big hand spike
deep in the embers, charring it again,
and cheered my men along with battle talk
to keep their courage up: no quitting now.
The pike of olive, green though it had been,
reddened and glowed as if about to catch.
I drew it from the coals and my four fellows
gave me a hand, lugging it near the Cyclops
as more than natural force nerved them; straight
forward they sprinted, lifted it, and rammed it
deep in his crater eye, and I leaned on it
turning it as a shipwright turns a drill
in planking, having men below to swing
the two-handled strap that spins it in the groove.
So with our brand we bored that great eye socket
while blood ran out around the red-hot bar.
Eyelid and lash were seared; the pierced ball
hissed broiling, and the roots popped.
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Pause at line 143. Odysseusdoesn’t tell the Cyclops hisreal name. Underline thename he uses. What worddoes the name sound like?
What happens in lines 146-167?
Underline the extended similes in lines 160-163 and166-171, which use grue-some comparisons to helpyou see how the eye isgouged out.
In a smithy6
one sees a white-hot axhead or an adze7
plunged and wrung in a cold tub, screeching steam—
the way they make soft iron hale and hard—
just so that eyeball hissed around the spike.
The Cyclops bellowed and the rock roared round him,
and we fell back in fear. Clawing his face
he tugged the bloody spike out of his eye,
threw it away, and his wild hands went groping;
then he set up a howl for Cyclopes
who lived in caves on windy peaks nearby.
Some heard him; and they came by divers8 ways
to clump around outside and call:
‘What ails you,
Polyphemus? Why do you cry so sore
in the starry night? You will not let us sleep.
Sure no man’s driving off your flock? No man
has tricked you, ruined you?’
Out of the cave
the mammoth Polyphemus roared in answer:
‘Nohbdy, Nohbdy’s tricked me. Nohbdy’s ruined me!’
To this rough shout they made a sage9 reply:
‘Ah well, if nobody has played you foul
there in your lonely bed, we are no use in pain
given by great Zeus. Let it be your father,
Poseidon Lord, to whom you pray.’
So saying
they trailed away. And I was filled with laughter
to see how like a charm the name deceived them.
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Read the boxed passagealoud twice. On your firstreading, pause at the end ofa line if it ends in punctua-tion. Read on when the linedoes not end with a comma,dash, semicolon, colon, orperiod. On your second read-ing, focus on reading withexpression.
Re-read lines 178-191. Whathappens when Polyphemus’sfellow Cyclopes come to hisaid?
6. smithy (smi‚√≤) n.: blacksmith’s shop, where iron tools are made.7. adze (adz) n.: axlike tool with a long, curved blade.8. divers (d¢√v¥rz) adj.: diverse; various.9. sage (s†j) adj.: wise.
Now Cyclops, wheezing as the pain came on him,
fumbled to wrench away the great doorstone
and squatted in the breach with arms thrown wide
for any silly beast or man who bolted—
hoping somehow I might be such a fool.
But I kept thinking how to win the game:
death sat there huge; how could we slip away?
I drew on all my wits, and ran through tactics,
reasoning as a man will for dear life,
until a trick came—and it pleased me well.
The Cyclops’ rams were handsome, fat, with heavy
fleeces, a dark violet.
Three abreast
I tied them silently together, twining
cords of willow from the ogre’s bed;
then slung a man under each middle one
to ride there safely, shielded left and right.
So three sheep could convey each man. I took
the woolliest ram, the choicest of the flock,
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Odysseus escaping the cave ofPolyphemus under the belly of theram. Detail from a krater, a vesselfor holding wine (c. 510 B.C.).Badisches Landesmuseum,Karlsruhe, Germany.
Pause at line 202. What character trait helpsOdysseus defeat the Cyclops?
and hung myself under his kinky belly,
pulled up tight, with fingers twisted deep
in sheepskin ringlets for an iron grip.
So, breathing hard, we waited until morning.
When Dawn spread out her fingertips of rose
the rams began to stir, moving for pasture,
and peals of bleating echoed round the pens
where dams with udders full called for a milking.
Blinded, and sick with pain from his head wound,
the master stroked each ram, then let it pass,
but my men riding on the pectoral fleece10
the giant’s blind hands blundering never found.
Last of them all my ram, the leader, came,
weighted by wool and me with my meditations.
The Cyclops patted him, and then he said:
‘Sweet cousin ram, why lag behind the rest
in the night cave? You never linger so,
but graze before them all, and go afar
to crop sweet grass, and take your stately way
leading along the streams, until at evening
you run to be the first one in the fold.
Why, now, so far behind? Can you be grieving
over your Master’s eye? That carrion rogue11
and his accurst companions burnt it out
when he had conquered all my wits with wine.
Nohbdy will not get out alive, I swear.
Oh, had you brain and voice to tell
where he may be now, dodging all my fury!
Bashed by this hand and bashed on this rock wall
his brains would strew the floor, and I should have
rest from the outrage Nohbdy worked upon me.’
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Pause at line 214. What isOdysseus’s plan to save him-self and his men?
Re-read lines 226-232. Howis the Cyclops’s treatment ofhis ram different from histreatment of the Greeks?
10. pectoral fleece: wool on an animal’s chest.11. carrion rogue: rotten scoundrel. Carrion is decaying flesh.
He sent us into the open, then. Close by,
I dropped and rolled clear of the ram’s belly,
going this way and that to untie the men.
With many glances back, we rounded up
his fat, stiff-legged sheep to take aboard,
and drove them down to where the good ship lay.
We saw, as we came near, our fellows’ faces
shining; then we saw them turn to grief
tallying those who had not fled from death.
I hushed them, jerking head and eyebrows up,
and in a low voice told them: ‘Load this herd;
move fast, and put the ship’s head toward the breakers.’
They all pitched in at loading, then embarked
and struck their oars into the sea. Far out,
as far offshore as shouted words would carry,
I sent a few back to the adversary:
‘O Cyclops! Would you feast on my companions?
Puny, am I, in a Caveman’s hands?
How do you like the beating that we gave you,
you damned cannibal? Eater of guests
under your roof! Zeus and the gods have paid you!’
The blind thing in his doubled fury broke
a hilltop in his hands and heaved it after us.
Ahead of our black prow it struck and sank
whelmed in a spuming geyser, a giant wave
that washed the ship stern foremost back to shore.
I got the longest boathook out and stood
fending us off, with furious nods to all
to put their backs into a racing stroke—
row, row or perish. So the long oars bent
kicking the foam sternward, making head
until we drew away, and twice as far.
Now when I cupped my hands I heard the crew
in low voices protesting:
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What is happening in lines242-255?
Pause at line 271. What hap-pens when Odysseus tauntsthe Cyclops?
adversary (ad√v¥r·ser≈≤) n.:enemy; opponent.
‘Godsake, Captain!
Why bait the beast again? Let him alone!’
‘That tidal wave he made on the first throw
all but beached us.’
‘All but stove us in!’
‘Give him our bearing with your trumpeting,
he’ll get the range and lob12 a boulder.’
‘Aye
He’ll smash our timbers and our heads together!’
I would not heed them in my glorying spirit,
but let my anger flare and yelled:
‘Cyclops,
if ever mortal man inquire
how you were put to shame and blinded, tell him
Odysseus, raider of cities, took your eye:
Laertes’ son, whose home’s on Ithaca!’
At this he gave a mighty sob and rumbled:
‘Now comes the weird13 upon me, spoken of old.
A wizard, grand and wondrous, lived here—Telemus,14
a son of Eurymus;15 great length of days
he had in wizardry among the Cyclopes,
and these things he foretold for time to come:
my great eye lost, and at Odysseus’ hands.
Always I had in mind some giant, armed
in giant force, would come against me here.
But this, but you—small, pitiful, and twiggy—
you put me down with wine, you blinded me.
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Pause at line 298.Polyphemus had beenwarned by a wizard thatOdysseus would blind him. Inwhat ways is Odysseus differ-ent from the attacker theCyclops had imagined?
Odysseus ignores his men’sadvice and continues totaunt the Cyclops in lines282-287. What doesOdysseus’s behavior revealabout him?
Odysseus’s men speak for thefirst time in lines 275-281.What is their reaction totheir captain’s behavior?
12. lob (läb) v.: toss.13. weird (wird) n.: fate.14. Telemus (tel√¥·m¥s).15. Eurymus (yº√r≤·m¥s).
Come back, Odysseus, and I’ll treat you well,
praying the god of earthquake to befriend you—
his son I am, for he by his avowal
fathered me, and, if he will, he may
heal me of this black wound—he and no other
of all the happy gods or mortal men.’
Few words I shouted in reply to him:
‘If I could take your life I would and take
your time away, and hurl you down to hell!
The god of earthquake could not heal you there!’
At this he stretched his hands out in his darkness
toward the sky of stars, and prayed Poseidon:
‘O hear me, lord, blue girdler of the islands,
if I am thine indeed, and thou art father:
grant that Odysseus, raider of cities, never
see his home: Laertes’ son, I mean,
who kept his hall on Ithaca. Should destiny
intend that he shall see his roof again
among his family in his fatherland,
far be that day, and dark the years between.
Let him lose all companions, and return
under strange sail to bitter days at home.’ . . .”
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art
and
Win
ston
.A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d.
296 Collection 10: Epic and MythPart 1
Pause at line 308. TheCyclops has asked Odysseusto come back and says he’lltreat him well. UnderlineOdysseus’s reply. Then, readon and underline theCyclops’s curse on Odysseusand his men.
Review the Cyclops’s curse.What might happen next?
The Cyclops 297
The CyclopsHero Chart What makes a hero? Listed in the left-hand column of the chart
below are some heroic traits. Give examples from “The Cyclops” to show
whether or not Odysseus displays these traits. At the bottom of the chart is a
row for weaknesses. If you find weaknesses in Odysseus, cite details from the
story to support your opinion.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
by
Hol
t,R
ineh
art
and
Win
ston
.A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d.
Intelligence and resourcefulness
Bravery and loyalty
Weaknesses
Strength
Details from “The Cyclops”Key Traits of a Hero
Complete the sample test item below. The box at the right explains why three of the
choices are not correct.
The Cyclops
Skills ReviewSkills Review
298 Collection 10: Epic and MythPart 1
Explanation of the Correct Answer
The correct answer is D; it offers the
most information about what an epic
poem is.
A is incorrect; many poems, even very
short ones, tell stories. Epics are not
lyric poems, as B claims. Epics are seri-
ous, not humorous, as C states.
Sample Test Item
The best description of an epic poem
is a —
A poem that tells a story
B lyric poem that reveals emotions
C wildly exaggerated, humorous poem
D long narrative poem about the
deeds of a heroic character
3. How does the Cyclops treat the
Greeks?
A He devours some of them.
B He opens his home to them.
C He helps them on their way.
D He kills all of them.
4. How does Odysseus win the battle
with the Cyclops?
F He tricks the Cyclops.
G He kills the giant.
H He calls on Zeus to help him.
J He betrays his men.
1. When he first speaks to the Cyclops,
Odysseus warns him that —
A the Greeks will kill him
B the Greeks want his land
C Zeus will avenge the Greeks if
Cyclops is not courteous
D Zeus will kill the Cyclops if he
doesn’t give them money
2. The interaction between Odysseus
and the Cyclops is —
F an external conflict
G not important to the story
H a universal theme
J part of the setting
DIRECTIONS: Circle the letter of each correct answer.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
by
Hol
t,R
ineh
art
and
Win
ston
.A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d.
Literary SkillsAnalyze
characteristics ofepic poetry,
including heroesand theirexternalconflicts.
The Cyclops 299
Skills ReviewSkills Review
1. Vulcan a. Olympics
2. Ceres b. tantalize
3. Mount Olympus c. titanic
4. Titans d. cereal
5. Tantalus e. volcano
Words from MythsMyths often attempt to explain the mysteries of nature, the origins of
rituals, and the relationships between gods and humans. Many words from
Greek and Roman myths live on in the English language. For example, some
common English words are derived from the names of Greek and Roman
gods and goddesses.
DIRECTIONS: Match each Greek or Roman god’s or goddess’s name or home
with the English word that is derived from it.
The Cyclops
Vocabulary in Context
DIRECTIONS: Complete the paragraph below by writing a word from the
word box to fit each numbered blank. Use each word only once.
ravage
profusion
adversary
Word BoxWord BoxAs the epic poem the Odyssey reveals, Odysseus had more than one
(1) . In fact, he had a (2)
of enemies, both monsters and men—and even gods. Some of his enemies
hated Odysseus so much they actually wanted to
(3) him and his men, while others were content to
prevent him from reaching home.
Cop
yrig
ht ©
by
Hol
t,R
ineh
art
and
Win
ston
.A
ll ri
ghts
res
erve
d.
VocabularySkillsIdentify wordsfrom Greek andRoman myths.Use words incontext.
Student Pages with Answers 143
The
Cyc
lop
s
283
rava
ge
(rav
√ij)
v.:d
estr
oy
vio
len
tly;
ru
in.
The
Cyc
lops
pla
nned
to
rava
geO
dyss
eus
and
his
men
by
eati
ng t
hem
.
pro
fusi
on
(pr£
·fyº
√¤¥n
) n
.:la
rge
sup
ply
;
abu
nd
ance
.
Wit
h su
ch a
larg
e flo
ck o
fshe
ep,t
he C
yclo
ps h
ada
prof
usi
onof
milk
,che
ese,
and
woo
l.
adve
rsar
y(a
d√v
¥r·s
er≈≤
) n
.:en
emy;
op
po
nen
t.
Ody
sseu
s ha
d to
find
a w
ay t
o de
feat
his
ad
vers
ary,
the
Cyc
lops
.
PREV
IEW
SEL
ECTI
ON
VOCA
BULA
RYTh
e fo
llow
ing
wo
rds
app
ear
in “
The
Cyc
lop
s.”
Bec
om
e fa
mili
ar w
ith
th
em
bef
ore
yo
u b
egin
rea
din
g.
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
WO
RDS
FRO
M G
REEK
AND
RO
MAN
MYT
HSM
any
wo
rds
we
use
in E
ng
lish
to
day
co
me
fro
m G
reek
an
d R
om
an m
yth
s. F
or
exam
ple
, a jo
urn
ey o
r q
ues
t is
oft
en c
alle
d a
n o
dys
sey,
nam
ed f
or
the
Od
ysse
y,
the
epic
po
em f
rom
wh
ich
“Th
e C
yclo
ps”
is t
aken
. Oth
er w
ord
s fr
om
“Th
e
Cyc
lop
s” t
hat
hav
e b
een
han
ded
do
wn
are
am
bro
sia,
mea
nin
g “
foo
d o
f th
e
go
ds,
” an
d n
ecta
r,m
ean
ing
“d
rin
k o
f th
e g
od
s.”
Loo
k at
th
e ch
art
bel
ow
to
lear
n o
f o
ther
wo
rds
han
ded
do
wn
fro
m G
reek
an
d R
om
an m
yth
s.
Na
me
s fr
om
Gre
ek
an
d R
om
an
My
ths
En
gli
sh W
ord
s
Cer
es,R
om
an g
od
des
s o
f ag
ricu
ltu
re a
nd
fer
tilit
yce
real
Mo
un
t O
lym
pu
s,le
gen
dar
y h
om
e o
f g
od
s an
d
go
dd
esse
sO
lym
pic
s
Tan
talu
s,ch
arac
ter
fro
m G
reek
myt
h w
ho
se
foo
d a
nd
dri
nk
wer
e ke
pt
just
ou
t o
f h
is r
each
,
as p
un
ish
men
tta
nta
lize
Tita
ns,
race
of
gia
nt
Gre
ek g
od
s an
d g
od
des
ses
wh
o c
ame
bef
ore
th
e O
lym
pia
ns
tita
nic
Vu
lcan
,Ro
man
go
d o
f fi
re a
nd
met
alw
ork
ers
volc
ano
282
Co
llect
ion
10:
Epic
an
d M
yth
Part
1
In a
nci
ent
Gre
ece,
her
oes
in e
pic
po
ems
like
the
Od
ysse
yre
pre
sen
ted
th
e
hig
hes
t va
lues
of
Gre
ek c
ivili
zati
on
. In
Ho
mer
’s d
ay, h
ero
es w
ere
tho
ug
ht
of
as a
sp
ecia
l cla
ss o
f m
en, s
om
ewh
ere
bet
wee
n t
he
go
ds
and
ord
inar
y h
um
an
bei
ng
s. A
s yo
u r
ead
“Th
e C
yclo
ps,
” se
e h
ow
Od
ysse
us
use
s h
is s
pec
ial
qu
alit
ies
to s
ave
him
self
an
d h
is m
en f
rom
bec
om
ing
a m
on
ster
’s m
eal.
LITE
RARY
FO
CUS:
HER
OES
AT
LARG
EEp
ics
are
lon
g n
arra
tive
po
ems
that
tel
l of
the
gre
at d
eed
s o
f a
her
o. I
n a
n
epic
, th
e m
ain
ch
arac
ter
is t
he
her
o. (
In m
any
epic
s th
e h
ero
’s e
nem
y is
als
o
a m
ajo
r ch
arac
ter.)
Her
oes
usu
ally
rep
rese
nt
qu
alit
ies
that
th
eir
soci
ety
adm
ires
. So
me
peo
ple
to
day
, fo
r ex
amp
le, s
ee s
po
rts
star
s, p
op
ula
r si
ng
ers,
gre
at s
cien
tist
s, o
r fi
refi
gh
ters
as
thei
r h
ero
es. I
n e
pic
s to
ld lo
ng
ag
o, t
he
her
oes
are
oft
en s
up
erh
um
an w
arri
ors
, wh
o s
et o
ff o
n jo
urn
eys
to w
in
som
eth
ing
of
gre
at v
alu
e fo
r th
emse
lves
an
d f
or
thei
r p
eop
le.
The
con
flic
ts,o
r st
rug
gle
s b
etw
een
op
po
sin
g f
orc
es, i
n a
n e
pic
are
usu
ally
exte
rnal
,as
the
her
oes
bat
tle
arm
ies,
mo
nst
ers,
or
the
forc
es o
f n
atu
re. E
pic
her
oes
can
als
o f
ace
inte
rnal
co
nfl
icts—
cau
sed
by
fear
, do
ub
t, w
eakn
ess,
and
so
on
.
•Fi
rst,
rea
d “
The
Cyc
lop
s” f
or
enjo
ymen
t. T
hen
, co
nsi
der
wh
at t
he
adve
n-
ture
rev
eals
ab
ou
t th
e va
lues
of
the
anci
ent
Gre
eks.
READ
ING
SKIL
LS:
MO
NITO
R YO
UR C
OM
PREH
ENSI
ON
Go
od
rea
der
s p
ause
occ
asio
nal
ly t
o m
ake
sure
th
ey u
nd
erst
and
wh
at t
hey
hav
e re
ad. W
hen
yo
u r
ead
a lo
ng
, act
ion
-fill
ed p
oem
su
ch a
s th
is o
ne,
it is
imp
ort
ant
to s
tay
on
to
p o
f ev
ents—
to u
nd
erst
and
wh
at is
hap
pen
ing
.
Pau
se d
uri
ng
yo
ur
read
ing
to
ask
yo
urs
elf
the
follo
win
g q
ues
tio
ns:
•W
hat
has
hap
pen
ed s
o f
ar?
•W
hat
has
cau
sed
th
ose
eve
nts
?
•W
hat
are
th
e m
ost
imp
ort
ant
even
ts in
th
is e
pis
od
e?
•W
hen
do
th
e ev
ents
tak
e p
lace
?
•W
hat
mig
ht
hap
pen
nex
t?
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
“The
Cyc
lops
” fr
om t
he O
dyss
eyby
Hom
er
Lit
era
ry S
kills
Und
erst
and
char
acte
rist
ics
ofep
ic p
oetr
y,in
clud
ing
hero
esan
d th
eir
exte
rnal
conf
licts
.
Readin
gSkills
Mon
itor
you
rco
mpr
ehen
sion
.
Voca
bula
rySkills
Lear
n w
ords
from
Gre
ek a
ndRo
man
myt
hs.
Collection 10Student pages 282–283
144 The Holt Reader: Teacher’s Manual
“We
lit a
fir
e,bu
rnt
an o
ffer
ing,
and
took
som
e ch
eese
to
eat;
then
sat
in s
ilen
ce
arou
nd
the
embe
rs,w
aiti
ng.
Wh
en h
e ca
me
he
had
a lo
ad o
fdr
y bo
ugh
s on
his
sh
ould
er
to s
toke
his
fir
e at
su
pper
tim
e.H
e du
mpe
d it
wit
h a
gre
at c
rash
into
th
at h
ollo
w c
ave,
and
we
all s
catt
ered
fas
t to
th
e fa
r w
all.
Th
en o
ver
the
broa
d ca
vern
flo
or h
e u
sher
ed
the
ewes
he
mea
nt
to m
ilk.H
e le
ft h
is r
ams
and
he-
goat
s in
th
e ya
rd o
uts
ide,
and
swu
ng
hig
h o
verh
ead
a sl
ab o
fso
lid r
ock
to c
lose
th
e ca
ve.T
wo
doze
n f
our-
wh
eele
d w
agon
s,
wit
h h
eavi
ng
wag
on t
eam
s,co
uld
not
hav
e st
irre
d
the
ton
nag
e of
that
roc
k fr
om w
her
e h
e w
edge
d it
over
th
e do
orsi
ll.N
ext
he
took
his
sea
t
and
milk
ed h
is b
leat
ing
ewes
.A p
ract
iced
job
he
mad
e of
it,g
ivin
g ea
ch e
we
her
su
cklin
g;
thic
ken
ed h
is m
ilk,t
hen
,in
to c
urd
s an
d w
hey
,
siev
ed o
ut
the
curd
s to
dri
p in
wit
hy b
aske
ts,1
and
pou
red
the
wh
ey t
o st
and
in b
owls
cool
ing
un
til h
e dr
ank
it f
or h
is s
upp
er.
Wh
en a
ll th
ese
chor
es w
ere
don
e,h
e po
ked
the
fire
,
hea
pin
g on
bru
shw
ood.
In t
he
glar
e h
e sa
w u
s.
‘Str
ange
rs,’
he
said
,‘w
ho
are
you
? A
nd
wh
ere
from
?
Wh
at b
rin
gs y
ou h
ere
by s
eaw
ays—
a fa
ir t
raff
ic?
Or
are
you
wan
deri
ng
rogu
es,w
ho
cast
you
r liv
es
like
dice
,an
d ra
vage
oth
er f
olk
by s
ea?’
We
felt
a p
ress
ure
on
ou
r h
eart
s,in
dre
ad
ofth
at d
eep
rum
ble
and
that
mig
hty
man
.
Bu
t al
l th
e sa
me
I sp
oke
up
in r
eply
:
‘We
are
from
Tro
y,A
chae
ans,
blow
n o
ffco
urs
e
by s
hif
tin
g ga
les
on t
he
Gre
at S
outh
Sea
;
5 10 15 20 25 30
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
The
Cyc
lop
s
285
1.w
ith
y b
aske
ts:b
aske
ts m
ade
fro
m w
illo
w t
wig
s.
Pau
se a
t lin
e 3.
Od
ysse
us
and
his
men
are
in t
he
cave
of
the
Cyc
lop
s, P
oly
ph
emu
s. T
ow
ho
m d
o t
he
men
bu
rn a
no
ffer
ing
?
Wh
o is
th
e “h
e” in
lin
e 3?
Re-
read
lin
es 5-
23, a
nd
pay
atte
nti
on
to
th
e C
yclo
ps’
sac
tio
ns.
Wh
at q
ual
itie
s d
oes
he
hav
e?
rava
ge
(rav
√ij)
v.:d
estr
oy
vio
len
tly;
ru
in.
the
Cyc
lop
s
to t
he
go
ds
He
is e
no
rmo
usl
y
stro
ng
an
d s
kille
d.
The
Ody
ssey
is t
he s
tory
oft
he a
ttem
pt o
fa G
reek
sol
dier
,Ody
sseu
s,
to r
etur
n to
his
hom
e fo
llow
ing
the
Troj
an W
ar.A
n ep
ic,t
he
Ody
ssey
is c
ompo
sed
ofm
any
diffe
rent
sto
ries
,or
epis
odes
,in
whi
ch t
he h
ero,
Ody
sseu
s,fa
ces
all s
orts
ofc
halle
nges
.
In t
his
adve
ntur
e,O
dyss
eus
desc
ribe
s hi
s en
coun
ter
wit
h th
e
Cyc
lops
,Pol
yphe
mus
(päl≈
i·f≤√m¥s),
Pose
idon
’s on
e-ey
ed m
onst
er
son.
Poly
phem
us m
ay r
epre
sent
the
bru
te fo
rces
tha
t an
y he
ro m
ust
over
com
e be
fore
he
can
reac
h ho
me.
To s
urvi
ve,O
dyss
eus
mus
t re
ly
on t
he s
peci
al in
telli
genc
e as
soci
ated
wit
h hi
s na
me.
Ody
sseu
s is
the
clev
eres
t of
the
Gre
ek h
eroe
s be
caus
e he
is g
uide
d by
the
god
dess
of
wis
dom
,Ath
ena.
It is
Ody
sseu
s’s fa
med
cur
iosi
ty t
hat
lead
s hi
m t
o th
e C
yclo
ps’s
cave
and
tha
t m
akes
him
insi
st o
n w
aiti
ng fo
r th
e ba
rbar
ic g
iant
.
Ody
sseu
s is
spe
akin
g to
the
cour
t ofK
ing
Alc
inou
s (al·sin√£·¥s).
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
284
Co
llect
ion
10:
Epic
an
d M
yth
Part
1
Ho
mer
tran
slat
ed b
yR
ob
ert
Fitz
ger
ald
The
Cyc
lop
s (d
etai
l) (
late
19t
h o
r ea
rly
20th
cen
tury
) b
y O
dilo
n R
edo
n.
Rijksmuseum Kroller-Muller, Otterlo, the Netherlands. Bridgeman Art Library.
Notes
Notes
Fro
m T
he
Od
ysse
yb
y H
om
er, t
ran
slat
ed b
yR
ob
ert
Fitz
ger
ald
. Co
pyr
igh
t ©
196
1, 1
963
by
Ro
ber
t Fi
tzg
eral
d; c
op
yrig
ht
ren
ewed
© 1
989
by
Ben
edic
t R
. C. F
itzg
eral
d. R
epri
nte
d b
y p
erm
issi
on
of
Farr
ar, S
trau
s &
Gir
ou
x, L
LC.
Collection 10Student pages 284–285
Student Pages with Answers 145
and
cau
ght
two
in h
is h
ands
like
squ
irm
ing
pupp
ies
to b
eat
thei
r br
ain
s ou
t,sp
atte
rin
g th
e fl
oor.
Th
en h
e di
smem
bere
d th
em a
nd
mad
e h
is m
eal,
gapi
ng
and
cru
nch
ing
like
a m
oun
tain
lion—
ever
yth
ing:
inn
ards
,fle
sh,a
nd
mar
row
bon
es.
We
crie
d al
oud,
lifti
ng
our
han
ds t
o Z
eus,
pow
erle
ss,l
ooki
ng
on a
t th
is,a
ppal
led;
but
Cyc
lops
wen
t on
fill
ing
up
his
bel
ly
wit
h m
anfl
esh
an
d gr
eat
gulp
s of
wh
ey,
then
lay
dow
n li
ke a
mas
t am
ong
his
sh
eep.
My
hea
rt b
eat
hig
h n
ow a
t th
e ch
ance
of
acti
on,
and
draw
ing
the
shar
p sw
ord
from
my
hip
I w
ent
alon
g h
is f
lan
k to
sta
b h
im w
her
e th
e m
idri
ff
hol
ds t
he
liver
.I h
ad t
ouch
ed t
he
spot
wh
en s
udd
en f
ear
stay
ed m
e:if
I ki
lled
him
we
peri
shed
th
ere
as w
ell,
for
we
cou
ld n
ever
mov
e h
is p
onde
rou
s do
orw
ay s
lab
asid
e.
So w
e w
ere
left
to
groa
n a
nd
wai
t fo
r m
orn
ing.
Wh
en t
he
you
ng
Daw
n w
ith
fin
gert
ips
ofro
se
lit u
p th
e w
orld
,th
e C
yclo
ps b
uilt
a f
ire
and
milk
ed h
is h
ands
ome
ewes
,all
in d
ue
orde
r,
putt
ing
the
suck
lings
to
the
mot
her
s.T
hen
,
his
ch
ores
bei
ng
all d
ispa
tch
ed,h
e ca
ugh
t
anot
her
bra
ce3
ofm
en t
o m
ake
his
bre
akfa
st,
and
wh
iske
d aw
ay h
is g
reat
doo
r sl
ab
to le
t h
is s
hee
p go
th
rou
gh—
but
he,
beh
ind,
rese
t th
e st
one
as o
ne
wou
ld c
ap a
qu
iver
.4
Th
ere
was
a d
in o
fw
his
tlin
g as
th
e C
yclo
ps
rou
nde
d h
is f
lock
to
hig
her
gro
un
d,th
en s
tilln
ess.
An
d n
ow I
pon
dere
d h
ow t
o hu
rt h
im w
orst
,
ifbu
t A
then
a gr
ante
d w
hat
I p
raye
d fo
r.
Her
e ar
e th
e m
ean
s I
thou
ght
wou
ld s
erve
my
turn
:
65 70 75 80 85 90
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
The
Cyc
lop
s
287
3.b
race
(br†
s) n
.:p
air.
4.q
uiv
er(k
wiv
ôr)
n.:
case
fo
r ar
row
s.
Lin
e 79
co
nta
ins
a fa
mo
us
epit
het—
a g
rou
p o
f w
ord
su
sed
rep
eate
dly
to
des
crib
e a
char
acte
r. H
ow
is D
awn
des
crib
ed in
th
is e
pit
het
?
Pau
se a
t lin
e 87
. Wh
at p
re-
ven
ts O
dys
seu
s an
d h
is m
enfr
om
esc
apin
g w
hen
th
eC
yclo
ps
leav
es?
Ho
w d
oes
Od
ysse
us
sho
wb
oth
his
bra
very
an
d h
isin
telli
gen
ce in
lin
es 7
1-78
?
The
Cyc
lop
s re
pla
ces
the
gre
at s
ton
e sl
ab
bef
ore
th
ey c
an
esca
pe.
He
sho
ws
bra
very
by
his
will
ing
nes
s to
sta
b
the
Cyc
lop
s, a
nd
inte
l-
ligen
ce in
th
inki
ng
abo
ut
the
con
se-
qu
ence
s o
f h
is a
ctio
n
and
dec
idin
g t
o w
ait.
Daw
n is
des
crib
ed a
s a
you
ng
wo
man
wit
h
rosy
fin
ger
tip
s.
hom
ewar
d bo
un
d,bu
t ta
kin
g ro
ute
s an
d w
ays
un
com
mon
;so
the
will
of
Zeu
s w
ould
hav
e it
.
We
serv
ed u
nde
r A
gam
emn
on,s
on o
fA
treu
s2 —
the
wh
ole
wor
ld k
now
s w
hat
cit
y
he
laid
was
te,w
hat
arm
ies
he
dest
roye
d.
It w
as o
ur
luck
to
com
e h
ere;
her
e w
e st
and,
beh
olde
n f
or y
our
hel
p,or
any
gif
ts
you
giv
e—as
cu
stom
is t
o h
onor
str
ange
rs.
We
wou
ld e
ntr
eat
you
,gre
at S
ir,h
ave
a ca
re
for
the
gods
’cou
rtes
y;Z
eus
will
ave
nge
the
un
offe
ndi
ng
gues
t.’
He
answ
ered
th
is
from
his
bru
te c
hes
t,u
nm
oved
:
‘You
are
a n
inny
,
or e
lse
you
com
e fr
om t
he
oth
er e
nd
ofn
owh
ere,
telli
ng
me,
min
d th
e go
ds! W
e C
yclo
pes
care
not
a w
his
tle
for
you
r th
un
deri
ng
Zeu
s
or a
ll th
e go
ds in
blis
s;w
e h
ave
mor
e fo
rce
by f
ar.
I w
ould
not
let
you
go
for
fear
of
Zeu
s—
you
or
you
r fr
ien
ds—
un
less
I h
ad a
wh
im t
o.
Tell
me,
wh
ere
was
it,n
ow,y
ou le
ft y
our
ship—
arou
nd
the
poin
t,or
dow
n t
he
shor
e,I
won
der?
’
He
thou
ght
he’
d fi
nd
out,
but
I sa
w t
hro
ugh
th
is,
and
answ
ered
wit
h a
rea
dy li
e:
‘My
ship
?
Pose
idon
Lor
d,w
ho
sets
th
e ea
rth
atr
embl
e,
brok
e it
up
on t
he
rock
s at
you
r la
nd’
s en
d.
A w
ind
from
sea
war
d se
rved
him
,dro
ve u
s th
ere.
We
are
surv
ivor
s,th
ese
good
men
an
d I.’
Nei
ther
rep
ly n
or p
ity
cam
e fr
om h
im,
but
in o
ne
stri
de h
e cl
utc
hed
at
my
com
pan
ion
s
35 40 45 50 55 60
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
286
Co
llect
ion
10:
Epic
an
d M
yth
Part
1
Pau
se a
t lin
e 58
. Wh
y d
o y
ou
thin
k O
dys
seu
s lie
s ab
ou
t h
issh
ip?
Pau
se a
t lin
e 50
. Do
es t
he
Cyc
lop
s re
spec
t Ze
us,
as
Od
ysse
us
do
es?
Exp
lain
.
Un
der
line
the
two
gru
eso
me
Ho
mer
ic s
imile
s—ex
ten
ded
com
par
iso
ns
usi
ng
like
or
as—
in li
nes
59-
65.
Ho
spit
alit
y to
str
ang
ers
was
extr
emel
y im
po
rtan
t to
th
ean
cien
t G
reek
s. R
e-re
ad li
nes
38-
43, a
nd
un
der
line
the
wo
rds
that
tel
l wh
at w
illh
app
en if
th
e C
yclo
ps
do
esn
ot
trea
t th
e G
reek
s w
ell.
2.A
gam
emn
on
(ag
≈¥·m
em√n
än≈)
; Atr
eus
(†√t
r≤·¥
s).
No
; th
e C
yclo
ps
has
no
resp
ect
for
the
go
ds;
he
says
he
and
his
kin
d a
re s
tro
ng
er t
han
the
go
ds.
He
do
esn
’t w
ant
the
Cyc
lop
s to
des
tro
y th
e
ship
; he
wan
ts t
he
Cyc
lop
s to
pit
y th
em
and
tre
at t
hem
wel
l.
Collection 10Student pages 286–287
146 The Holt Reader: Teacher’s Manual
‘Cyc
lops
,try
som
e w
ine.
Her
e’s
liqu
or t
o w
ash
dow
n y
our
scra
ps o
fm
en.
Tast
e it
,an
d se
e th
e ki
nd
ofdr
ink
we
carr
ied
un
der
our
plan
ks.I
mea
nt
it f
or a
n o
ffer
ing
ifyo
u w
ould
hel
p u
s h
ome.
Bu
t yo
u a
re m
ad,
un
bear
able
,a b
lood
y m
onst
er! A
fter
th
is,
will
any
oth
er t
rave
ler
com
e to
see
you
?’
He
seiz
ed a
nd
drai
ned
th
e bo
wl,
and
it w
ent
dow
n
so f
iery
an
d sm
ooth
he
calle
d fo
r m
ore:
‘Giv
e m
e an
oth
er,t
han
k yo
u k
indl
y.Te
ll m
e,
how
are
you
cal
led?
I’ll
mak
e a
gift
will
ple
ase
you
.
Even
Cyc
lope
s kn
ow t
he
win
e gr
apes
gro
w
out
ofgr
assl
and
and
loam
in h
eave
n’s
rain
,
but
her
e’s
a bi
t of
nec
tar
and
ambr
osia
!’
Th
ree
bow
ls I
bro
ugh
t h
im,a
nd
he
pou
red
them
dow
n.
I sa
w t
he
fudd
le a
nd
flu
sh c
ome
over
him
,
then
I s
ang
out
in c
ordi
al t
ones
:
125
130
135
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
The
Cyc
lop
s
289
Notes
Notes
Od
ysse
us
han
din
gth
e d
rin
k to
Poly
ph
emu
s.R
elie
f o
n a
Gre
cian
mar
ble
sarc
op
hag
us
(1st
cen
tury
A.D
.).
Mu
seo
Arc
heo
log
ico
Naz
ion
ale,
Nap
les,
Ital
y.A
rt R
eso
urc
e, N
Y.
Un
der
line
the alliteration—
rep
etit
ion
of
con
son
ant
sou
nd
s in
wo
rds
clo
seto
get
her—
in li
ne
138.
Her
efu
dd
le m
ean
s “d
run
ken
nes
s.”
Pau
se a
t lin
e 12
6. W
hy
do
you
th
ink
Od
ysse
us
off
ers
the
Cyc
lop
s w
ine?
Od
ysse
us
wan
ts t
o g
et
the
Cyc
lop
s d
run
k so
he’
ll b
e ea
sier
to
atta
ck.
a cl
ub,
or s
taff
,lay
th
ere
alon
g th
e fo
ld—
an o
live
tree
,fel
led
gree
n a
nd
left
to
seas
on
for
Cyc
lops
’han
d.A
nd
it w
as li
ke a
mas
t
a lu
gger
5of
twen
ty o
ars,
broa
d in
th
e be
am—
a de
ep-s
eago
ing
craf
t—m
igh
t ca
rry:
so lo
ng,
so b
ig a
rou
nd,
it s
eem
ed.N
ow I
chop
ped
out
a si
x-fo
ot s
ecti
on o
fth
is p
ole
and
set
it d
own
bef
ore
my
men
,wh
o sc
rape
d it
;
and
wh
en t
hey
had
it s
moo
th,I
hew
ed a
gain
to m
ake
a st
ake
wit
h p
oin
ted
end.
I h
eld
this
in t
he
fire
’s h
eart
an
d tu
rned
it,t
ough
enin
g it
,
then
hid
it,w
ell b
ack
in t
he
cave
rn,u
nde
r
one
ofth
e du
ng
pile
s in
pro
fusi
onth
ere.
Now
cam
e th
e ti
me
to t
oss
for
it:w
ho
ven
ture
d
alon
g w
ith
me?
Wh
ose
han
d co
uld
bea
r to
th
rust
and
grin
d th
at s
pike
in C
yclo
ps’e
ye,w
hen
mild
slee
p h
ad m
aste
red
him
? A
s lu
ck w
ould
hav
e it
,
the
men
I w
ould
hav
e ch
osen
won
th
e to
ss—
fou
r st
ron
g m
en,a
nd
I m
ade
five
as
capt
ain
.
At
even
ing
cam
e th
e sh
eph
erd
wit
h h
is f
lock
,
his
woo
lly f
lock
.Th
e ra
ms
as w
ell,
this
tim
e,
ente
red
the
cave
:by
som
e sh
eeph
erdi
ng
wh
im—
or a
god
’s b
iddi
ng—
non
e w
ere
left
ou
tsid
e.
He
hef
ted
his
gre
at b
ould
er in
to p
lace
and
sat
him
dow
n t
o m
ilk t
he
blea
tin
g ew
es
in p
rope
r or
der,
put
the
lam
bs t
o su
ck,
and
swif
tly
ran
th
rou
gh a
ll h
is e
ven
ing
chor
es.
Th
en h
e ca
ugh
t tw
o m
ore
men
an
d fe
aste
d on
th
em.
My
mom
ent
was
at
han
d,an
d I
wen
t fo
rwar
d
hol
din
g an
ivy
bow
l of
my
dark
dri
nk,
look
ing
up,
sayi
ng:
95 100
105
110
115
120
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
288
Co
llect
ion
10:
Epic
an
d M
yth
Part
1
5.lu
gg
er(l
ug
ôr)
n.:
typ
e o
f sa
ilbo
at.
Pau
se a
t lin
e 10
5. W
hat
do
Od
ysse
us
and
his
men
do
wit
h t
he
oliv
e tr
ee t
hey
fin
din
th
e C
yclo
ps’
s ca
ve?
pro
fusi
on
(pr£
·fyº
√¤¥n
) n
.:la
rge
sup
ply
; ab
un
dan
ce.
Pau
se a
t lin
e 11
1. A
pp
aren
tly,
it w
as t
he
cust
om
am
on
g t
he
anci
ent
Gre
eks
for
men
to
toss
co
ins,
dic
e, o
r so
met
hin
gel
se f
or
the
ho
no
r o
f p
arti
ci-
pat
ing
in a
dan
ger
ou
s ta
sk.
Wh
y is
Od
ysse
us
hap
py
wit
hth
e o
utc
om
e?
They
car
ve it
an
d
har
den
it in
to a
sh
arp
stak
e.
The
men
he
wo
uld
hav
e ch
ose
n w
on
th
e
toss
.
Collection 10Student pages 288–289
Student Pages with Answers 147
In a
sm
ithy
6
one
sees
a w
hit
e-h
ot a
xhea
d or
an
adz
e7
plu
nge
d an
d w
run
g in
a c
old
tub,
scre
ech
ing
stea
m—
the
way
th
ey m
ake
soft
iron
hal
e an
d h
ard—
just
so
that
eye
ball
his
sed
arou
nd
the
spik
e.
Th
e C
yclo
ps b
ello
wed
an
d th
e ro
ck r
oare
d ro
un
d h
im,
and
we
fell
back
in f
ear.
Cla
win
g h
is f
ace
he
tugg
ed t
he
bloo
dy s
pike
ou
t of
his
eye
,
thre
w it
aw
ay,a
nd
his
wild
han
ds w
ent
grop
ing;
then
he
set
up
a h
owl f
or C
yclo
pes
wh
o liv
ed in
cav
es o
n w
indy
pea
ks n
earb
y.
Som
e h
eard
him
;an
d th
ey c
ame
by d
iver
s8w
ays
to c
lum
p ar
oun
d ou
tsid
e an
d ca
ll:
‘Wh
at a
ils y
ou,
Poly
phem
us?
Why
do
you
cry
so
sore
in t
he
star
ry n
igh
t? Y
ou w
ill n
ot le
t u
s sl
eep.
Sure
no
man
’s d
rivi
ng
off
you
r fl
ock?
No
man
has
tri
cked
you
,ru
ined
you
?’
Ou
t of
the
cave
the
mam
mot
h P
olyp
hem
us
roar
ed in
an
swer
:
‘Noh
bdy,
Noh
bdy’
s tr
icke
d m
e.N
ohbd
y’s
ruin
ed m
e!’
To t
his
rou
gh s
hou
t th
ey m
ade
a sa
ge9
repl
y:
‘Ah
wel
l,if
nob
ody
has
pla
yed
you
fou
l
ther
e in
you
r lo
nel
y be
d,w
e ar
e n
o u
se in
pai
n
give
n b
y gr
eat
Zeu
s.Le
t it
be
you
r fa
ther
,
Pose
idon
Lor
d,to
wh
om y
ou p
ray.’
So s
ayin
g
they
tra
iled
away
.An
d I
was
fill
ed w
ith
lau
ghte
r
to s
ee h
ow li
ke a
ch
arm
th
e n
ame
dece
ived
th
em.
170
175
180
185
190
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
The
Cyc
lop
s
291
Rea
d t
he
bo
xed
pas
sag
eal
ou
d t
wic
e. O
n y
ou
r fi
rst
read
ing
, pau
se a
t th
e en
d o
fa
line
if it
en
ds
in p
un
ctu
a-ti
on
. Rea
d o
n w
hen
th
e lin
ed
oes
no
t en
d w
ith
a c
om
ma,
das
h, s
emic
olo
n, c
olo
n, o
rp
erio
d. O
n y
ou
r se
con
d r
ead
-in
g, f
ocu
s o
n r
ead
ing
wit
hex
pre
ssio
n.
Re-
read
lin
es 1
78-
191.
Wh
ath
app
ens
wh
en P
oly
ph
emu
s’s
fello
w C
yclo
pes
co
me
to h
isai
d?
6.sm
ith
y (s
mi‚
ò)
n.:
bla
cksm
ith
’s sh
op
, wh
ere
iro
n t
oo
ls a
re m
ade.
7.ad
ze(a
dz)
n.:
axlik
e to
ol w
ith
a lo
ng
, cu
rved
bla
de.
8.d
iver
s(d
¢√v¥
rz)
adj.:
div
erse
; var
iou
s.9.
sag
e(s
†j)
adj.:
wis
e.
They
th
ink
Poly
ph
emu
s te
lls t
hem
that
no
bo
dy
has
hu
rt
him
, so
th
ey g
o a
way
.
‘Cyc
lops
,
you
ask
my
hon
orab
le n
ame?
Rem
embe
r
the
gift
you
pro
mis
ed m
e,an
d I
shal
l tel
l you
.
My
nam
e is
Noh
bdy:
mot
her
,fat
her
,an
d fr
ien
ds,
ever
yon
e ca
lls m
e N
ohbd
y.’
An
d h
e sa
id:
‘Noh
bdy’
s m
y m
eat,
then
,aft
er I
eat
his
fri
ends
.
Oth
ers
com
e fi
rst.
Th
ere’
s a
nob
le g
ift,
now
.’
Even
as
he
spok
e,h
e re
eled
an
d tu
mbl
ed b
ackw
ard,
his
gre
at h
ead
lolli
ng
to o
ne
side
;an
d sl
eep
took
him
like
any
cre
atu
re.D
run
k,h
iccu
pin
g,
he
drib
bled
str
eam
s of
liqu
or a
nd
bits
of
men
.
Now
,by
the
gods
,I d
rove
my
big
han
d sp
ike
deep
in t
he
embe
rs,c
har
rin
g it
aga
in,
and
chee
red
my
men
alo
ng
wit
h b
attl
e ta
lk
to k
eep
thei
r co
ura
ge u
p:n
o qu
itti
ng
now
.
Th
e pi
ke o
fol
ive,
gree
n t
hou
gh it
had
bee
n,
redd
ened
an
d gl
owed
as
ifab
out
to c
atch
.
I dr
ew it
fro
m t
he
coal
s an
d m
y fo
ur
fello
ws
gave
me
a h
and,
lugg
ing
it n
ear
the
Cyc
lops
as m
ore
than
nat
ura
l for
ce n
erve
d th
em;s
trai
ght
forw
ard
they
spr
inte
d,lif
ted
it,a
nd
ram
med
it
deep
in h
is c
rate
r ey
e,an
d I
lean
ed o
n it
turn
ing
it a
s a
ship
wri
ght
turn
s a
drill
in p
lan
kin
g,h
avin
g m
en b
elow
to
swin
g
the
two-
han
dled
str
ap t
hat
spi
ns
it in
th
e gr
oove
.
So w
ith
ou
r br
and
we
bore
d th
at g
reat
eye
soc
ket
wh
ile b
lood
ran
ou
t ar
oun
d th
e re
d-h
ot b
ar.
Eye
lid a
nd
lash
wer
e se
ared
;th
e pi
erce
d ba
ll
his
sed
broi
ling,
and
the
root
s po
pped
.
140
145
150
155
160
165
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
290
Co
llect
ion
10:
Epic
an
d M
yth
Part
1
Pau
se a
t lin
e 14
3. O
dys
seu
sd
oes
n’t
tel
l th
e C
yclo
ps
his
real
nam
e. U
nd
erlin
e th
en
ame
he
use
s. W
hat
wo
rdd
oes
th
e n
ame
sou
nd
like
?
Wh
at h
app
ens
in li
nes
14
6-16
7?
Un
der
line
the
exte
nd
ed
sim
iles
in li
nes
160-
163
and
166-
171,
wh
ich
use
gru
e-so
me
com
par
iso
ns
to h
elp
you
see
ho
w t
he
eye
isg
ou
ged
ou
t.
It s
ou
nd
s lik
e
“no
bo
dy.
”
The
Cyc
lop
s p
asse
s o
ut
dru
nk.
Od
ysse
us
char
s
the
stak
e in
th
e fi
re,
chee
rs o
n h
is m
en, a
nd
wit
h f
ou
r h
elp
ers,
gri
nd
s o
ut
the
Cyc
lop
s’s
eye.
Collection 10Student pages 290–291
148 The Holt Reader: Teacher’s Manual
and
hun
g m
ysel
fu
nde
r h
is k
inky
bel
ly,
pulle
d u
p ti
ght,
wit
h f
inge
rs t
wis
ted
deep
in s
hee
pski
n r
ingl
ets
for
an ir
on g
rip.
So,b
reat
hin
g h
ard,
we
wai
ted
un
til m
orn
ing.
Wh
en D
awn
spr
ead
out
her
fin
gert
ips
ofro
se
the
ram
s be
gan
to
stir
,mov
ing
for
past
ure
,
and
peal
s of
blea
tin
g ec
hoe
d ro
un
d th
e pe
ns
wh
ere
dam
s w
ith
udd
ers
full
calle
d fo
r a
milk
ing.
Blin
ded,
and
sick
wit
h p
ain
fro
m h
is h
ead
wou
nd,
the
mas
ter
stro
ked
each
ram
,th
en le
t it
pas
s,
but
my
men
rid
ing
on t
he
pect
oral
fle
ece10
the
gian
t’s b
lind
han
ds b
lun
deri
ng
nev
er f
oun
d.
Last
of
them
all
my
ram
,th
e le
ader
,cam
e,
wei
ghte
d by
woo
l an
d m
e w
ith
my
med
itat
ion
s.
Th
e C
yclo
ps p
atte
d h
im,a
nd
then
he
said
:
‘Sw
eet
cou
sin
ram
,why
lag
beh
ind
the
rest
in t
he
nig
ht
cave
? Yo
u n
ever
lin
ger
so,
but
graz
e be
fore
th
em a
ll,an
d go
afa
r
to c
rop
swee
t gr
ass,
and
take
you
r st
atel
y w
ay
lead
ing
alon
g th
e st
ream
s,u
nti
l at
even
ing
you
ru
n t
o be
th
e fi
rst
one
in t
he
fold
.
Why
,now
,so
far
beh
ind?
Can
you
be
grie
vin
g
over
you
r M
aste
r’s
eye?
Th
at c
arri
on r
ogu
e11
and
his
acc
urs
t co
mpa
nio
ns
burn
t it
ou
t
wh
en h
e h
ad c
onqu
ered
all
my
wit
s w
ith
win
e.
Noh
bdy
will
not
get
ou
t al
ive,
I sw
ear.
Oh
,had
you
bra
in a
nd
voic
e to
tel
l
wh
ere
he
may
be
now
,dod
gin
g al
l my
fury
!
Bas
hed
by
this
han
d an
d ba
shed
on
th
is r
ock
wal
l
his
bra
ins
wou
ld s
trew
th
e fl
oor,
and
I sh
ould
hav
e
rest
fro
m t
he
outr
age
Noh
bdy
wor
ked
upo
n m
e.’
215
220
225
230
235
240
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
The
Cyc
lop
s
293
Pau
se a
t lin
e 21
4. W
hat
isO
dys
seu
s’s
pla
n t
o s
ave
him
-se
lf a
nd
his
men
?
Re-
read
lin
es 2
26-
232.
Ho
wis
th
e C
yclo
ps’
s tr
eatm
ent
of
his
ram
dif
fere
nt
fro
m h
istr
eatm
ent
of
the
Gre
eks?
10.
pec
tora
l fle
ece:
wo
ol o
n a
n a
nim
al’s
ch
est.
11.
carr
ion
ro
gu
e:ro
tten
sco
un
dre
l. C
arri
on
is d
ecay
ing
fle
sh.
He
spea
ks k
ind
ly t
o
the
ram
an
d p
ets
him
;
he
eats
th
e G
reek
s.
He
and
his
men
will
hid
e th
emse
lves
un
der
the
ram
s an
d e
scap
e
wh
en t
he
Cyc
lop
s le
ts
his
flo
ck o
ut
in t
he
mo
rnin
g.
Now
Cyc
lops
,wh
eezi
ng
as t
he
pain
cam
e on
him
,
fum
bled
to
wre
nch
aw
ay t
he
grea
t do
orst
one
and
squ
atte
d in
th
e br
each
wit
h a
rms
thro
wn
wid
e
for
any
silly
bea
st o
r m
an w
ho
bolt
ed—
hop
ing
som
ehow
I m
igh
t be
su
ch a
foo
l.
Bu
t I
kept
th
inki
ng
how
to
win
th
e ga
me:
deat
h s
at t
her
e hu
ge;h
ow c
ould
we
slip
aw
ay?
I dr
ew o
n a
ll m
y w
its,
and
ran
th
rou
gh t
acti
cs,
reas
onin
g as
a m
an w
ill f
or d
ear
life,
un
til a
tri
ck c
ame—
and
it p
leas
ed m
e w
ell.
Th
e C
yclo
ps’r
ams
wer
e h
ands
ome,
fat,
wit
h h
eavy
flee
ces,
a da
rk v
iole
t.
Th
ree
abre
ast
I ti
ed t
hem
sile
ntl
y to
geth
er,t
win
ing
cord
s of
will
ow f
rom
th
e og
re’s
bed
;
then
slu
ng
a m
an u
nde
r ea
ch m
iddl
e on
e
to r
ide
ther
e sa
fely
,sh
ield
ed le
ft a
nd
righ
t.
So t
hre
e sh
eep
cou
ld c
onve
y ea
ch m
an.I
too
k
the
woo
llies
t ra
m,t
he
choi
cest
of
the
floc
k,
195
200
205
210
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
292
Co
llect
ion
10:
Epic
an
d M
yth
Part
1
Od
ysse
us
esca
pin
g t
he
cave
of
Poly
ph
emu
s u
nd
er t
he
bel
ly o
f th
era
m. D
etai
l fro
m a
kra
ter,
a ve
ssel
for
ho
ldin
g w
ine
(c. 5
10 B
.C.)
.B
adis
ches
Lan
des
mu
seu
m,
Kar
lsru
he,
Ger
man
y.
Pau
se a
t lin
e 20
2. W
hat
ch
arac
ter
trai
th
elp
sO
dys
seu
s d
efea
t th
e C
yclo
ps?
His
inte
llig
ence
hel
ps
him
. Od
ysse
us
is
kno
wn
fo
r h
is c
leve
r-
nes
s.
Collection 10Student pages 292–293
Student Pages with Answers 149
‘God
sake
,Cap
tain
!
Why
bai
t th
e be
ast
agai
n?
Let
him
alo
ne!
’
‘Th
at t
idal
wav
e h
e m
ade
on t
he
firs
t th
row
all b
ut
beac
hed
us.’
‘All
but
stov
e u
s in
!’
‘Giv
e h
im o
ur
bear
ing
wit
h y
our
tru
mpe
tin
g,
he’
ll ge
t th
e ra
nge
an
d lo
b12a
bou
lder
.’
‘Aye
He’
ll sm
ash
ou
r ti
mbe
rs a
nd
our
hea
ds t
oget
her
!’
I w
ould
not
hee
d th
em in
my
glor
yin
g sp
irit
,
but
let
my
ange
r fl
are
and
yelle
d:
‘Cyc
lops
,
ifev
er m
orta
l man
inqu
ire
how
you
wer
e pu
t to
sh
ame
and
blin
ded,
tell
him
Ody
sseu
s,ra
ider
of
citi
es,t
ook
you
r ey
e:
Laer
tes’
son
,wh
ose
hom
e’s
on I
thac
a!’
At
this
he
gave
a m
igh
ty s
ob a
nd
rum
bled
:
‘Now
com
es t
he
wei
rd13
upo
n m
e,sp
oken
of
old.
A w
izar
d,gr
and
and
won
drou
s,liv
ed h
ere—
Tele
mu
s,14
a so
n o
fE
ury
mu
s;15
grea
t le
ngt
h o
fda
ys
he
had
in w
izar
dry
amon
g th
e C
yclo
pes,
and
thes
e th
ings
he
fore
told
for
tim
e to
com
e:
my
grea
t ey
e lo
st,a
nd
at O
dyss
eus’
han
ds.
Alw
ays
I h
ad in
min
d so
me
gian
t,ar
med
in g
ian
t fo
rce,
wou
ld c
ome
agai
nst
me
her
e.
Bu
t th
is,b
ut
you—
smal
l,pi
tifu
l,an
d tw
iggy—
you
pu
t m
e do
wn
wit
h w
ine,
you
blin
ded
me.
280
285
290
295
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
The
Cyc
lop
s
295
Pau
se a
t lin
e 29
8.Po
lyp
hem
us
had
bee
nw
arn
edb
y a
wiz
ard
th
atO
dys
seu
s w
ou
ld b
lind
him
. In
wh
at w
ays
is O
dys
seu
s d
iffe
r-en
t fr
om
th
e at
tack
er t
he
Cyc
lop
s h
ad im
agin
ed?
Od
ysse
us
ign
ore
s h
is m
en’s
advi
ce a
nd
co
nti
nu
es t
ota
un
t th
e C
yclo
ps
in li
nes
282-
287.
Wh
at d
oes
Od
ysse
us’
s b
ehav
ior
reve
alab
ou
t h
im?
Od
ysse
us’
s m
en s
pea
k fo
r th
efi
rst
tim
e in
lin
es 2
75-
281.
Wh
at is
th
eir
reac
tio
n t
oth
eir
cap
tain
’s b
ehav
ior?
12.
lob
(lä
b)
v.:t
oss
.13
.w
eird
(wir
d)
n.:
fate
.14
.Te
lem
us
(tel
√¥·m
¥s).
15.
Eury
mu
s (y
º√r
≤·m
¥s).
They
are
an
gry
wit
h
him
fo
r sh
ow
ing
off
and
en
dan
ger
ing
th
eir
lives
.
Od
ysse
us
crav
es g
lory
;
he
can
be
care
less
of
his
men
’s li
ves;
he
wan
ts v
eng
ean
ce.
The
Cyc
lop
s h
ad im
ag-
ined
a m
igh
ty g
ian
t as
his
att
acke
r; in
stea
d h
e
reg
ard
s O
dys
seu
s as
“sm
all,
pit
ifu
l, an
d
twig
gy.
”
He
sen
t u
s in
to t
he
open
,th
en.C
lose
by,
I dr
oppe
d an
d ro
lled
clea
r of
the
ram
’s b
elly
,
goin
g th
is w
ay a
nd
that
to
un
tie
the
men
.
Wit
h m
any
glan
ces
back
,we
rou
nde
d u
p
his
fat
,sti
ff-l
egge
d sh
eep
to t
ake
aboa
rd,
and
drov
e th
em d
own
to
wh
ere
the
good
sh
ip la
y.
We
saw
,as
we
cam
e n
ear,
our
fello
ws’
face
s
shin
ing;
then
we
saw
th
em t
urn
to
grie
f
tally
ing
thos
e w
ho
had
not
fle
d fr
om d
eath
.
I hu
shed
th
em,j
erki
ng
hea
d an
d ey
ebro
ws
up,
and
in a
low
voi
ce t
old
them
:‘Lo
ad t
his
her
d;
mov
e fa
st,a
nd
put
the
ship
’s h
ead
tow
ard
the
brea
kers
.’
Th
ey a
ll pi
tch
ed in
at
load
ing,
then
em
bark
ed
and
stru
ck t
hei
r oa
rs in
to t
he
sea.
Far
out,
as f
ar o
ffsh
ore
as s
hou
ted
wor
ds w
ould
car
ry,
I se
nt
a fe
w b
ack
to t
he
adve
rsar
y:
‘O C
yclo
ps! W
ould
you
fea
st o
n m
y co
mpa
nio
ns?
Pu
ny,a
m I
,in
a C
avem
an’s
han
ds?
How
do
you
like
th
e be
atin
g th
at w
e ga
ve y
ou,
you
dam
ned
can
nib
al?
Eat
er o
fgu
ests
un
der
you
r ro
of! Z
eus
and
the
gods
hav
e pa
id y
ou!’
Th
e bl
ind
thin
g in
his
dou
bled
fu
ry b
roke
a h
illto
p in
his
han
ds a
nd
hea
ved
it a
fter
us.
Ah
ead
ofou
r bl
ack
prow
it s
tru
ck a
nd
san
k
wh
elm
ed in
a s
pum
ing
geys
er,a
gia
nt
wav
e
that
was
hed
th
e sh
ip s
tern
for
emos
t ba
ck t
o sh
ore.
I go
t th
e lo
nge
st b
oath
ook
out
and
stoo
d
fen
din
g u
s of
f,w
ith
fu
riou
s n
ods
to a
ll
to p
ut
thei
r ba
cks
into
a r
acin
g st
roke—
row
,row
or
peri
sh.S
o th
e lo
ng
oars
ben
t
kick
ing
the
foam
ste
rnw
ard,
mak
ing
hea
d
un
til w
e dr
ew a
way
,an
d tw
ice
as f
ar.
Now
wh
en I
cu
pped
my
han
ds I
hea
rd t
he
crew
in lo
w v
oice
s pr
otes
tin
g:
245
250
255
260
265
270
275
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
294
Co
llect
ion
10:
Epic
an
d M
yth
Part
1
Wh
at is
hap
pen
ing
in li
nes
242-
255?
Pau
se a
t lin
e 27
1. W
hat
hap
-p
ens
wh
en O
dys
seu
s ta
un
tsth
e C
yclo
ps?
adve
rsar
y(a
d√v
¥r·s
er≈≤
) n
.:en
emy;
op
po
nen
t.
Od
ysse
us
and
his
men
hav
e es
cap
ed f
rom
th
e
Cyc
lop
s. T
hey
ste
al h
is
shee
p a
nd
set
sai
l fro
m
his
isla
nd
.
Cyc
lop
s th
row
s a
hill
top
in f
ron
t o
f
Od
ysse
us’
s b
oat
, cau
s-
ing
a w
ave
that
sen
ds
them
bac
k to
sh
ore
.
Od
ysse
us
pu
shes
th
em
off
wit
h a
bo
ath
oo
k,
and
th
e m
en r
ow
th
e
bo
at b
ack
ou
t to
sea
.
Collection 10Student pages 294–295
150 The Holt Reader: Teacher’s Manual
The
Cyc
lop
s
297
The
Cycl
ops
Her
o Ch
art
Wh
at m
akes
a h
ero?
Lis
ted
in t
he
left
-han
d co
lum
n o
fth
e ch
art
belo
w a
re s
ome
her
oic
trai
ts.G
ive
exam
ples
fro
m “
Th
e C
yclo
ps”
to s
how
wh
eth
er o
r n
ot O
dyss
eus
disp
lays
th
ese
trai
ts.A
t th
e bo
ttom
of
the
char
t is
a
row
for
wea
knes
ses.
Ifyo
u f
ind
wea
knes
ses
in O
dyss
eus,
cite
det
ails
fro
m t
he
stor
y to
su
ppor
t yo
ur
opin
ion
.
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
Inte
llig
ence
an
d r
eso
urc
efu
lnes
s
Bra
very
an
d lo
yalt
y
Wea
knes
ses
Stre
ng
th
De
tail
s fr
om
“Th
e C
ycl
op
s”K
ey
Tra
its
of
a H
ero
He
wit
hh
old
s in
form
atio
n a
bo
ut
his
ship
. He
tells
th
e C
yclo
ps
that
his
nam
e is
No
hb
dy.
He
thin
ks u
p a
pla
no
f es
cap
e. H
e fo
rges
a s
take
fro
m a
no
live
tree
. He
get
s th
e C
yclo
ps
dru
nk.
He
use
s th
e ra
ms
to c
arry
his
men
ou
t o
f th
e ca
ve.
He
stab
s th
e C
yclo
ps
wit
h t
he
hu
ge
stak
e. H
e p
ush
es t
he
ship
ou
t o
fd
ang
er w
ith
a b
oat
ho
ok.
He
stab
s th
e C
yclo
ps
in t
he
eye.
He
spea
ks u
p t
o t
he
Cyc
lop
s an
d t
hre
at-
ens
him
. He
pro
mo
tes
and
fig
hts
fo
rth
e re
pu
tati
on
of
his
go
ds.
He
trie
sto
res
cue
as m
any
of
his
men
as
he
can
.
He
is p
rou
d a
nd
ven
gef
ul.
He
giv
esin
to
bu
llyin
g a
nd
tau
nti
ng
th
eg
ian
t, c
ausi
ng
th
e C
yclo
ps
to p
ut
ate
rrib
le c
urs
e o
n h
im a
nd
his
men
.
Com
e ba
ck,O
dyss
eus,
and
I’ll
trea
t yo
u w
ell,
pray
ing
the
god
ofea
rth
quak
e to
bef
rien
d yo
u—
his
son
I a
m,f
or h
e by
his
avo
wal
fath
ered
me,
and,
ifh
e w
ill,h
e m
ay
hea
l me
ofth
is b
lack
wou
nd—
he
and
no
oth
er
ofal
l th
e h
appy
god
s or
mor
tal m
en.’
Few
wor
ds I
sh
oute
d in
rep
ly t
o h
im:
‘If
I co
uld
tak
e yo
ur
life
I w
ould
an
d ta
ke
you
r ti
me
away
,an
d hu
rl y
ou d
own
to
hel
l!
Th
e go
d of
eart
hqu
ake
cou
ld n
ot h
eal y
ou t
her
e!’
At
this
he
stre
tch
ed h
is h
ands
ou
t in
his
dar
knes
s
tow
ard
the
sky
ofst
ars,
and
pray
ed P
osei
don
:
‘O h
ear
me,
lord
,blu
e gi
rdle
r of
the
isla
nds
,
ifI
am t
hin
e in
deed
,an
d th
ou a
rt f
ath
er:
gran
t th
at O
dyss
eus,
raid
er o
fci
ties
,nev
er
see
his
hom
e:La
erte
s’so
n,I
mea
n,
wh
o ke
pt h
is h
all o
n I
thac
a.Sh
ould
des
tiny
inte
nd
that
he
shal
l see
his
roo
fag
ain
amon
g h
is f
amily
in h
is f
ath
erla
nd,
far
be t
hat
day
,an
d da
rk t
he
year
s be
twee
n.
Let
him
lose
all
com
pan
ion
s,an
d re
turn
un
der
stra
nge
sai
l to
bitt
er d
ays
at h
ome.
’...
”
300
305
310
315
320
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
296
Co
llect
ion
10:
Epic
an
d M
yth
Part
1
Pau
se a
t lin
e 30
8. T
he
Cyc
lop
s h
as a
sked
Od
ysse
us
to c
om
e b
ack
and
say
s h
e’ll
trea
t h
im w
ell.
Un
der
line
Od
ysse
us’
s re
ply
. Th
en, r
ead
on
an
d u
nd
erlin
e th
eC
yclo
ps’
s cu
rse
on
Od
ysse
us
and
his
men
.
Rev
iew
th
e C
yclo
ps’
s cu
rse.
Wh
at m
igh
t h
app
en n
ext?
The
curs
e m
ay in
dee
d
com
e tr
ue.
Od
ysse
us
may
sti
ll h
ave
a lo
ng
and
har
d jo
urn
ey
ho
me
to It
hac
a; h
e
may
fin
d t
rou
ble
s
wh
en h
e g
ets
ho
me.
Collection 10Student pages 296–297
Student Pages with Answers 151
The
Cyc
lop
s
299
Skill
s Re
view
Skill
s Re
view
1.V
ulc
ana.
Oly
mp
ics
2.C
eres
b.
tan
taliz
e
3.M
ou
nt
Oly
mp
us
c.ti
tan
ic
4.Ti
tan
sd
.ce
real
5.Ta
nta
lus
e.vo
lcan
o
Wor
ds f
rom
Myt
hsM
yth
s o
ften
att
emp
t to
exp
lain
th
e m
yste
ries
of
nat
ure
, th
e o
rig
ins
of
ritu
als,
an
d t
he
rela
tio
nsh
ips
bet
wee
n g
od
s an
d h
um
ans.
Man
y w
ord
s fr
om
Gre
ek a
nd
Ro
man
myt
hs
live
on
in t
he
Eng
lish
lan
gu
age.
Fo
r ex
amp
le, s
om
e
com
mo
n E
ng
lish
wo
rds
are
der
ived
fro
m t
he
nam
es o
f G
reek
an
d R
om
an
go
ds
and
go
dd
esse
s.
DIR
ECTI
ON
S:M
atch
eac
h G
reek
or
Ro
man
go
d’s
or
go
dd
ess’
s n
ame
or
ho
me
wit
h t
he
Eng
lish
wo
rd t
hat
is d
eriv
ed f
rom
it.
The
Cycl
ops
Voca
bula
ry i
n Co
ntex
t
DIR
ECTI
ON
S:C
om
ple
te t
he
par
agra
ph
bel
ow
by
wri
tin
g a
wo
rd f
rom
th
e
wo
rd b
ox
to f
it e
ach
nu
mb
ered
bla
nk.
Use
eac
h w
ord
on
ly o
nce
.
rava
ge
pro
fusi
on
adve
rsar
y
Wor
d Bo
xW
ord
Box
As
the
epic
po
em t
he
Od
ysse
yre
veal
s, O
dys
seu
s h
ad m
ore
th
an o
ne
(1)
. In
fac
t, h
e h
ad a
(2)
of
enem
ies,
bo
th m
on
ster
s an
d m
en—
and
eve
n g
od
s. S
om
e o
f h
is e
nem
ies
hat
ed O
dys
seu
s so
mu
ch t
hey
act
ual
ly w
ante
d t
o
(3)
him
an
d h
is m
en, w
hile
oth
ers
wer
e co
nte
nt
to
pre
ven
t h
im f
rom
rea
chin
g h
om
e.
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
Voca
bula
rySkills
Iden
tify
wor
dsfr
om G
reek
and
Rom
an m
yths
.U
se w
ords
inco
ntex
t.
e d a c b
rava
ge
pro
fusi
on
adve
rsar
y
Co
mp
lete
th
e sa
mp
le t
est
item
bel
ow
. Th
e b
ox
at t
he
rig
ht
exp
lain
s w
hy
thre
e o
f th
e
cho
ices
are
no
t co
rrec
t.
The
Cycl
ops
Skill
s Re
view
Skill
s Re
view
298
Co
llect
ion
10:
Epic
an
d M
yth
Part
1
Ex
pla
na
tio
n o
f th
e C
orr
ect
An
swe
r
The
corr
ect
answ
er is
D; i
t o
ffer
s th
e
mo
st in
form
atio
n a
bo
ut
wh
at a
n e
pic
po
em is
.
Ais
inco
rrec
t; m
any
po
ems,
eve
n v
ery
sho
rt o
nes
, tel
l sto
ries
. Ep
ics
are
no
t
lyri
c p
oem
s, a
s B
clai
ms.
Ep
ics
are
seri
-
ou
s, n
ot
hu
mo
rou
s, a
s C
stat
es.
Sa
mp
le T
est
Ite
m
The
bes
td
escr
ipti
on
of
an e
pic
po
em
is a
—
Ap
oem
th
at t
ells
a s
tory
Bly
ric
po
em t
hat
rev
eals
em
oti
on
s
Cw
ildly
exa
gg
erat
ed, h
um
oro
us
po
em
Dlo
ng
nar
rati
ve p
oem
ab
ou
t th
e
dee
ds
of
a h
ero
ic c
har
acte
r
3.
Ho
w d
oes
th
e C
yclo
ps
trea
t th
e
Gre
eks?
AH
e d
evo
urs
so
me
of
them
.
BH
e o
pen
s h
is h
om
e to
th
em.
CH
e h
elp
s th
em o
n t
hei
r w
ay.
DH
e ki
lls a
ll o
f th
em.
4.H
ow
do
es O
dys
seu
s w
in t
he
bat
tle
wit
h t
he
Cyc
lop
s?
FH
e tr
icks
th
e C
yclo
ps.
GH
e ki
lls t
he
gia
nt.
HH
e ca
lls o
n Z
eus
to h
elp
him
.
JH
e b
etra
ys h
is m
en.
1.W
hen
he
firs
t sp
eaks
to
th
e C
yclo
ps,
Od
ysse
us
war
ns
him
th
at —
Ath
e G
reek
s w
ill k
ill h
im
Bth
e G
reek
s w
ant
his
lan
d
CZe
us
will
ave
ng
e th
e G
reek
s if
Cyc
lop
s is
no
t co
urt
eou
s
DZe
us
will
kill
th
e C
yclo
ps
if h
e
do
esn
’t g
ive
them
mo
ney
2.Th
e in
tera
ctio
n b
etw
een
Od
ysse
us
and
th
e C
yclo
ps
is —
F an
ext
ern
al c
on
flic
t
Gn
ot
imp
ort
ant
to t
he
sto
ry
Ha
un
iver
sal t
hem
e
Jp
art
of
the
sett
ing
DIR
ECTI
ON
S:C
ircl
e th
e le
tter
of
each
co
rrec
t an
swer
.
Copyright © by Holt,Rinehart and Winston.All rights reserved.
Lit
era
ry S
kills
Ana
lyze
char
acte
rist
ics
ofep
ic p
oetr
y,in
clud
ing
hero
esan
d th
eir
exte
rnal
conf
licts
.
Collection 10Student pages 298–299
Graphic Organizers 221
Co
pyr
igh
t ©
by
Ho
lt, R
ineh
art
and
Win
sto
n. A
ll ri
gh
ts r
eser
ved
.
Name Date
Selection Title
Hero:
Deeds:
Values:
Epic Hero Map
An epic is a narrative told in elevated language, which relates the great deeds of a hero who
embodies the values of a society. In the map below, write the name of the epic hero. Then,
write examples of the hero’s deeds. Finally, explain what values the deeds reveal.