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6/3/2021 UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE? Flashcards | Quizlet

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UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE?

Terms in this set (61)

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Layers of the earth in order

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

Continental Plates

Four major: Australian, Pacific, Eurasian, North American. Located

beneath Earth's outer surface and is a layer of rocks that continuously

shift at the rate of a human fingernail

oceanic plates

Thin plates that form the ocean floor; more dense than continental plates.

Subduction

One plate going under another plate

continental margin volcanoes

The mountains of America's Pacific Northwest, such as Saint Helens and

Rainier, are examples. It happens in subduction zones.




hot spot volcanoes

A hot spot is an area where material from deep in the mantle rises and

then melts, forming magma. Creating Islands like the Hawaiian islands as

the plate moves over the hot spot

Ocean ridge volcanoes

formed when the Earth's Oceanic plates move apart from each other.

When they do, they create a series of Fishers or openings. If this Fisher is

situated over a hotspot magma, then rises in between the plates. These

volcanoes are found in Iceland and are long ridges that can stretch for

thousands of miles, instead of the conical shape.

Island Arc Volcanoes

If two adjacent plates clash under the ocean, they caused the formation

of another type of volcano. These volcanoes occur not at the point of

contact of the two plates, but about 60 miles away. These are known as

island arc volcanoes and they form a chain of volcanic islands. The

volcanoes of Indonesia are examples

Hawaiian eruption

non-explosive or very mild volcanic eruption

Strombolian eruption

the volcano flings globs of hot lava into the air, where they harden into

volcanic bombs




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Vulcanian eruption

A short, violent, relatively small eruption of lava; can propel pyroclastic

material 800 mph and 10 miles in the air; can have a violent, cannon-like

expulsion of the "plug". Vulcanian eruptions release much gas and ash,

Plinean Eruption

most violent type burst of ash, gas and rocks.

pyroclastic flow

a dense, destructive mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and gases

ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing downslope at

great speed.




Minoans

The Mediterranean society that formed on the island of Crete and who

were a big maritime society.

Tsunami

a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or

other disturbance.

Pumice

a very light and porous volcanic rock that can float and is formed when a

gas-rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly.

Viscosity

a liquid's resistance to flow

Ring of Fire

A circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean.

Hydrovolcanic Eruptions

When volcanic eruptions occur near oceans, saturated clouds or other

wet areas, the interaction of water and magma can create a unique sort

of eruptive column

Lahar

a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano.




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geothermal energy

Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten

underground rocks.

Caldera

a large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit

area of a volcano

Supervolcano

Massive volcano that can produce unbelievably enormous, but rare,

eruptions.

effusive eruption

is a type of volcanic eruption in which lava steadily flows out to the

volcano onto the ground. relatively gentle, non- explosive.

explosive eruption

Is where magma is violently fragmented and rapidly expelled from a

volcano. It is a violent and unpredictable eruption— the result of magma

that is thicker, stickier (more viscous), and higher in gas content and silica

than that of an effusive eruption; tends to form blockages within a

volcano; produces composite volcanic landforms




high viscosity

Flows slowly (honey)

low viscosity

flows easily (water)

matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

chemical change

a change that produces matter with a different composition than the

original matter, cannot be reversed

physical change

A change in a substance that does not change its identity, can be

reversed

Chemical Properties of Matter

describes the reactivity of the substance in the presence of some other

substance

physical property

The physical characteristics of a substance or element





atom

Smallest particle of an element

Element

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom (type of atom)

Molecule

A group of atoms bonded together

compound

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements

subatomic particles

make up an atom, smaller than an atom; protons, neutrons, electrons

Proton

positive charge, 1 amu, located in the nucleus


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Neutrons

no charge, 1 amu, located in the nucleus

Electrons

negative charge, no amu, located outside the nucleus

amu

Atomic Mass Unit; used to indicate mass on an atomic scale. "Mass" of the

atom

Icelandic eruptions

Occur at divergent spreading centers (fissures) runny, low viscosity lava,

low volatiles (dissolved water), relatively high volume, erupt continuously

at low rate known for extensive lava flows, not dangerous

Electropositiveatoms with one or two valence shell electrons, wants to lose an electron

so it would have a positive charge

Carbon-14

a radioactive isotope of carbon used for dating (not online dating)


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Ion

A charged atom/element/molecule by adding or subtracting electrons

positively charged ion

positive charged atom/element because it loses electrons

negatively charged ion

negatively charged atom/element because it gains electrons

groups on periodic table

Columns of the periodic table that tell you how many valence electrons

periodic table periods

rows of the periodic table and tell you how many shells

valence electrons

electrons in the outermost shell

Reactivity

How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances

based on how much they want to gain or lose electrons





alkali metals

Group 1, One VALENCE electron, very reactive, want to lose valence

electron, positive charged once they do

alkaline earth metals

Group 2 TWO VALENCE electrons, highly reactive, want to lose both

valence electrons, positive charged once they do

Halogens

Group 7A/17, SEVEN VALENCE electrons, very reactive, want to gain one

valence electron, negatively charged once they do

noble gases

the elements in Group 8A/18 of the periodic table, no reactivity because

they already have full shell

radioactive isotope

An isotope (an atomic form of a chemical element) that is unstable; the

nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and

energy.


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Viscosity

resistance to flow

global warming/climate change

shift in weather patterns due to increased concentrations of greenhouse

gases

global coolingthe process in which the atmospheric temperature decreases due to

increase amounts of dust particles from combustion of fossil fuels

Greenhouse gasses are...? Gasses that absorb heat. (Examples: H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O.....)

VOLCANIC GASES DURING ERUPTIONS

water vapor, which is harmless. However, significant amounts of carbon

dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen halides can also

be emitted from volcanoes.

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“TSLP MADE US DO IT” - Weebly...Group 2 TWO VALENCE electrons, highly reactive, want to lose both valence electrons, positive charged once they do Halogens Group 7A/17, SEVEN VALENCE