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AP Biology
Enzymes, Cellular Respiration, and Digestive System Test Review
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EnzymesCellularResp I
CellularResp II
DigestiveSystem
Misc.
What do you call the cellular processes of breaking down large
molecules into smaller ones?
catabolism
How does an enzyme catalyze a chemical
reaction?
It speeds up the reaction by lowering the
activation energy.
How does a non-competitive inhibitor
decrease the rate of an enzyme reaction?
By changing the structure of the enzyme so the substrate can no longer bind to the active
site.
Hoe do you overcome competitive inhibition?
Add more substrate
A series of enzymes catalyze thereaction X -> Y -> Z -> A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the activity of the enzyme. What is substance A functions as a ….?
Allosteric inhibitor
What metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration
and fermetation?
glycolysis
Where are the proteins of the electron transport
chain located?
The mitochondrial inner membrane
What part of cellular respiration produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and
water?
Oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)
the electron transport chain
Which stages of cellular respiration release
carbon dioxide?
The oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the Kreb’s cycle
alcoholic fermentation also
In the equation for cellular respiration, what is oxidized and
what is reduced?
Glucose is oxidizedoxygen is reduced
What is the term for the metabolic pathway in
which glucose is degraded to carbon dioxide and water?
Cellular respiration
During cellular respiration, where does acetyl CoA accumulate?
In the mitochondrial matrix
Where is oxygen used in cellular respiration? What is it used for?
Oxygen is used to accept electrons at the
end of the electron transport chain.
How is water produced in cellular respiration?
Oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen ions at the end of the
electron transport chain, forming water.
What is the purpose of alcoholic fermentation
and lactic acid fermentation?
Oxidize NADH to NAD+
Name at least one function of the digestive
system
Chemically & mecha-nically break down foodAbsorb nutrients
Where do most of the enzymes and chemicals secreted by the upper
end of the small intestine come from?
The liver and pancreas
Where are the agents that help emulsify fat
produced?
The liver
Where in the digestive system do you find
bacteria that produce vitamins as by-products
of their metabolism?
The large intestine
Where does most enzymatic hydrolysis of the macromolecules in
food occur?
The small intestine
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What is peristalsis?
Smooth muscle contractions that move
food through the alimentary canal
What type of phosphorylation
generates the ATP in glycolysis?
Substrate-level phosphorylation
During ATP synthesis, what is the proton
gradient established primarily by the
diffusion of protons used for?
Synthesis of ATP
Why are cattle able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant
material?
They have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their
stomachs
Final Jeopardy
Describe cellular respiration in as much detail as you can before time is called.
Final Jeopardy Question
