AP Biology RussellChapter 2: Life, Chemistry and Water

Life, Chemistry and Water Why it matters….

Carbon based life forms Cells

Water Planet Properties of water; blood; cytoplasm

Biomolecules Carbon compounds, enzymes, energy

Bioremediation – selenium example

2.1 The Organization of Matter Elements

KEY = C, H, N, O for total of 96% Next = Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, Mg – 4% “CHOPKINS Ca Fe Mg Na” Trace elements = < 0.01 % Iodine example See tables pg 23

Matter – mass, weight, volume Atom, Molecule, Formula, Compounds

molarity

2.2 Atomic Structure Proton – atomic number Neutron – isotopes

Mass number, Daltons/ amu Radioactivity tracers

Electron – orbital/energy level Valence electrons – reactivity Stability Bonds (Covalent, ionic, hydrogen)

electronegativity

2.3 Chemical Bonds and Chemical Reactions Ionic Bonds

Electrical attraction in many directions Gain/lose electrons Anions (-) and cations (+) *** calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron

Covalent Bonds Share valence electrons, Polar/ non polar

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic Chains and rings are backbones of C biomolecules ***

Hydrogen Bonds Properties of water Stability of large 3D molecules Not stable at high temps

Chemical Reactions Atoms and molecules interact to form / break bonds Reactants Products Limiting reagent Equations equilibrium

Discuss, Design and Data Discuss the concepts #1-4 pg. 40 Rest of pg. 41