AP Chapter 13 Congress Notes 2014

8/19/2019 AP Chapter 13 Congress Notes 2014

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Chapter 13

Congress



Learning Objectives

1. In what respects is Congress “the first branch” of American national government?

2. Why do most Americans and many eperts nowview Congress as “the bro!en branch”?

". What are the main differences between a congressand a parliament?

#. $ow has the legislative prod%ctivity of the &.'.Congress varied over time?

(. Are the American people as deeply divided inpartisan and ideological terms as theirrepresentatives in Congress now appear to be?

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Learning Objectives

,. $ow closely do members of Congress mirror the American people in terms of gender- race- andother demographic characteristics?

. /oes Congress normally do what most citi0ens

want it to do?. 'ho%ld Congress r%n %nder strong leadership?

. 'ho%ld Congress act more 3%ic!ly?

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Introduction

WHO GOVERN!

1. Are members of Congress representative of the American people?

2. /oes Congress normally do what most citi0enswant it to do?

"O WH#" EN$!

". 'ho%ld Congress r%n %nder strong leadership?

#. 'ho%ld Congress act more 3%ic!ly? C o p y r i g h

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Introduction

4ramers5 view of Congress “4irst branch” of government

$olds most national government powers

6ssential to federalism

7aintains separation of powers

+inchpin of chec!s and balances

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Introduction

Contemporary Americans5 view ofCongress “8ro!en branch” of government

&nable to address problems effectively

9oo responsive to special interests

:onstop campaign f%ndraising and;or

corr%ption&nli!ely to fi itself C

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"he %o&ers o' CongressConstitution( #rtic)e 1* section +

9o lay and collect taes- d%ties- imposts- and ecises 9o borrow money 9o reg%late commerce with foreign nations;among states

9o establish r%les for nat%rali0ation and ban!r%ptcy 9o coin money- set its val%e- and p%nish co%nterfeiting 9o fi the standard of weights and meas%res 9o establish a post office and post roads 9o iss%e patents and copyrights to inventors;a%thors

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"he %o&ers o' CongressConstitution( #rtic)e 1* section +

9o create co%rts inferior to the '%preme Co%rt 9o define;p%nish piracies- felonies on high seas- and

crimes against law of nations 9o declare war

9o raise and s%pport an army and navy< ma!e r%les fortheir governance

9o provide for a militia 9o eercise ecl%sive legislative powers over seat of

government- federal facilities 9o “ma!e all laws which shall be necessary and properfor carrying into eec%tion the fore=going powers- and allother powers vested by this Constit%tion in thegovernment of the &nited 'tates.”

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Congress versus %ar)ia,ent

Congress Independent

representatives ofdistricts or states

>rimary system<voters chooseamong individ%alcandidates

>rincipal wor! isrepresentation andaction

%ar)ia,ent +oyal to national

party leadership

oters chooseamong nationalparties

>rincipal wor! isdebate

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-.. Congress

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7embers of Congress in 2*1"@ 8ase salary 1#-***- pl%s genero%s benefits +arge office and staff Additional allowances for travel- comm%nication

etc.



"he Evo)ution o' Congress

8icameral two chamberD legislat%re$o%se of Eepresentatives

'enate

Centrali0ation vs. decentrali0ation

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$o%se $istory@ 'i >hases>hase Fne@ 9he >owerf%l $o%se

>hase 9wo@ 9he /ivided $o%se

>hase 9hree@ 9he 'pea!er E%les

>hase 4o%r@ 9he $o%se Eevolts

>hase 4ive@ 9he 7embers E%le

>hase 'i@ 9he +eadership Eet%rns C o p y r i g h

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C o p y r i g h

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A cartoon from >%c! in 1*epressed pop%lar

resentment over the“7illionaires Cl%b-” as the

'enate had become !nown.



Who Is in Congress!

Gender and Eace8ecoming less male and less white

2*1"@ fewer lawyers and former members

of armed forces'enate changed more slowly

4irst woman 'pea!erB:ancy >elosi 2**D

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/)ac0s* Hispanics* and Wo,en in Congress*

1214513

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Who Is in Congress!

Inc%mbency7ost inc%mbents win

7arginal districts

'afe districts

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Re6e)ection Rates 'or House and

enate Incu,bents* 1784514

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Who Is in Congress!

>artyEedistricting has little overall effect

Impact of maHor electoral conv%lsions

Conservative coalition emerges in 1,*sand 1*s then declinesD

Growing ideological partisanship


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Representation and

%o)ari9ation

Eepresentational iew Bmembers voteto please their constit%ents

Frgani0ational iew Bmembers vote toplease fellow members of Congress

Attit%dinal iew Bmembers vote on thebasis of their own beliefs


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"he Organi9ation o' Congress(

%arties and Interests

>arty Frgani0ations9he 'enate >resident pro tempore honorificD

7aHority leader powerD 7inority leader

Whips

>olicy Committee

'tanding committees C o p y r i g h t ) 2

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>arty Frgani0ations9he $o%se of Eepresentatives 'pea!er of the $o%se

7aHority leader floor leaderD 7inority leader

Whips

Committees


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&.'. $o%se of Eepresentatives 'pea!er ohn8oehner won re=election in his party in 2*1"

to lead the chamber for a second term.



>arty oting

%art: Votes in the House*

1+2264515




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Ca%c%ses Advocates a political ideology or advances

a regional- ethnic or economic interest

6amples@ /emocratic 't%dy Gro%p

9%esday +%nch 8%nch

Congressional 8lac! Ca%c%s


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Co,,ittees

'tanding Committees

'elect Committees

oint CommitteesConference Committees


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ta''s and pecia)i9ed O''ices

9as!s of 'taff 7embers@ constit%entproblem=solving- legislative f%nctions

'taff AgenciesCongressional Eesearch 'ervice

Government Acco%ntability Fffice

Congressional 8%dget Fffice


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Ho& a /i)) /eco,es La&

Introd%cing a 8ill

't%dy by Committees

4loor /ebate B 9he $o%se4loor /ebate B 9he 'enate

7ethods of oting


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+egislative >rod%ctivity$ow to meas%re?

$ow to eval%ate changes in legislation?

/ivided government

6armar!s

$ow has post=;11 Congress legislated on

homeland sec%rity iss%es? C o p y r i g h t ) 2

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Eeforming Congress9erm limits?

>or!=barrel legislation

4ran!ing privilege

Congressional Acco%ntability Act 1(D

>rice of citi0en=oriented Congress is a

por!=oriented Congress C o p y r i g h t ) 2

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Congress and %resident %ropose

#)ternative $e'icit Reduction %)ans


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Congress and %resident %ropose

#)ternative $e'icit Reduction %)ans

9a!ing a closer loo!@

1. 'ho%ld Congress or the president havegreater control over the federal b%dget?

2. /oes the b%dget conflict s%pport the“bro!en branch” view of Congress?

". Which view representational-

organi0ational- attit%dinalD is mostreflective of the c%rrent Congress? C o p y r i g

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Documents

AP Chapter 13 Congress Notes 2014