AP World HistoryOctober 26, 2015

Warm Up – October 26, 2015

The period of greatest population decline in Europe during the Middle Ages was: A. 10th-13th CenturiesB. 14th CenturyC. 5th & 6th CenturiesD. 15th CenturyE. 8th Century

Agenda

• Charlemagne & The Vikings• The Black Plague• 100 Years War

• Reminders: • Chapter 11 due Wednesday• HW – Chapter 11 Guided Reading

Essential Question

•Why are Europeans the focus of history?

Charlemagne & the Franks

Franks

• After the decline of the Roman Empire, the territory of Gaul was ruled by the Franks:• Charlemagne (Charles the Great) became the

greatest king of the Middle Ages by doing something no other king was able to do

• He created an organized empire

See how dangerous it was during the Middle Ages!!

By defeating Germanic Saxons & Lombards

Look at this massive, well-organized empire! This is the EXCEPTION rather than the rule

during the Middle Ages!!

One king controlled all this & had power over

feudal lords

Charlemagne

• Charlemagne’s accomplishments:• Greatly expanded the Frankish

empire• Spread Christianity through

missionaries & violence • Divided this large empire

into counties • Began schools for church

members

Charlemagne was called the “strong hand of God”

Age of Invasions

• From 800 CE to 1000 CE, Europe was constantly attacked by foreign armies:• Muslims attacked Europe from the northern

Africa• Magyar warriors attacked Europe from the

East• Vikings attacked Europe from the Scandinavia

in the north

See how dangerous Europe was!!!

So, why was Feudalism necessary??

Vikings

• Vikings were Scandinavians who invaded Europe because of overpopulation, looking for better climate & better farmland• They were excellent invaders &

explorers• They were able to sail in deep

oceans and shallow rivers because of their excellent ship design

Vikings

• Because of their war ships, the Vikings were able to: • Claim parts of England, Ireland, Russia,

Iceland, Greenland, • They reached Constantinople & the

Mediterranean Sea• They were the 1st Europeans to “discover”

America (Canada)

Holy Roman Empire

Holy Roman Empire

• Germans expanded into Frankish territory after Charlemagne died • Otto the Great became the greatest king of Germans in 936• He ended foreign invasions• Controlled the Catholic Church within

Germany • Expanded German territory & created

kingdom known as the Holy Roman Empire

Otto the Great & other Holy Roman kings were NEVER

able to control the feudal

lords in this territory

Holy Roman Empire

• But…the Holy Roman Empire is poorly named:• It is not Holy (because it was not controlled

by the Pope, although Christianity was the dominant religion)

• It was not Roman (the Romans were conquered long ago)

• It was not an Empire (because the kings never had control over the feudal lords)

Reasons for the Decline of Feudalism during the

High Middle Ages

Decline of Feudalism--Crusades

• Feudalism weakened after the Crusades:• Lords sold off some of their lands to raise

money for Crusades• Pope lost respect because the Crusades were

unsuccessful

Decline of Feudalism—Trade

•Merchants saw new, exotic products as a result of the Crusades & began to trade them in Europe• Increased trade led to cities & weakened feudal relationships:• New opportunities for serfs• Kings gained power because they could tax

the merchants

Decline of Feudalism—Black Death• In 1347, a trade ship arrived in Italy bringing cargo from China—on ship was disease called the Plague (Black Death)• Swept rapidly throughout Europe along trade routes

Steps for Spread of Bacteria:

• The rat is infected with the bacteria• The flea gets on the rat and bites the rat, and through the rat’s blood the bacteria is contracted• Bacteria multiplies in the flea • Flea's gut gets clogged with bacteria• The flea bites a human, regurgitates blood into open wound• HUMAN is INFECTED!!

Flea full of Plague-Causing Bacteria

Here are some of the ridiculous ways they had to cure the Plague:• Bathing in human urine•Wearing of human excrement• Placing dead animals in the home• Use of leaches • Pomanders

• Chop a snake up everyday• Try to fall asleep on the left side of the bed• Don't sleep during the day• Do not exercise• Do not eat any desserts

Decline of Feudalism—Black Death• Plague killed 25 million people in 5 years (1/3 of Europe’s population)• Plague would disappear, then reappear in the 1600s• Effects: wiped out 1/3 population, but those who survived could demand higher wages for labor because there were fewer people to do work—lower & middle classes gained more rights

100 Year’s War

Decline of Feudalism—100 Years War• Beginning in 1337, England invaded France to take over lands that belonged to William the Conqueror (a Frenchman who ruled England in 1066)• Began 116 years of turmoil• But there were major effects of 100 Years War:• New Weapons/Technology• Nationalism

New Weapons

• Longbow—6-foot bows that could fire length of 3 football fields (replaced feudal fighting technique of using exclusively knights on horseback)• Cannons—used Chinese technology of gunpowder to shoot 20-inch stone balls (replaced feudal practice of relying on castles for protection)

Nationalism

• People looked at the King as a national leader fighting for the glory of the nation-state• English people were proud when England defeated France in battle; French people were proud when France defeated England in battle

England France

Joan of Arc

• England & France traded victories for 92 years, but in 1429 a young girl named Joan of Arc had a vision that she could lead France to victory• Under her leadership, France defeated England• BUT, Joan was captured & condemned to die by fire; Joan of Arc is considered a French hero & religious saint

England France

The Hundred Years War

VS.

Chapter 10 & 11 Guided Reading

• Use this time wisely.