APA STYLE

What is an APA style?

A format for citing sources and typing research papers in the social sciences developed by the American Psychological Association (APA).

References in the text

A direct quote (Smith, 1998, p.265)Smith (1998) states that “whether paraphrasing

or quoting, you must credit the source” (p.35).

It is stated that “whether paraphrasing or quoting, you must credit the source” (Smith, 1998, p.35).

References in the text

Paraphrasing with one author (Smith, 1998)

Smith (1998) states, it is important to explain the references

Smith (1998) states that …………

It is important to explain the references (Smith, 1998).

References in the text

Paraphrasing with two authors (Smith & Bradley, 1998).

Smith and Bradley (1998) mentioned that ….

It was mentioned that …. (Smith & Bradley, 1998).

References in the text

With three to five authors first time (Smith, Bradley & Sean, 1998).

Smith, Bradley and Sean (1998) stated that

It was stated that ….. (Smith, Bradley & Sean, 1998).

References in the text

With three to five authors after first time (Smith et al., 1998).

Smith et al. (1998) state, ………..If at the end of the sentence, use (Smith et al.,

1998).With six or more authors (Smith et al., 1998). With no author, use the first identifying words

of the title (“Journey”, 1998).

Reference page

The page header References centered

References

Journal articleSmith, B., & Cornell, J. (1991). Apa guide.

Journal of APA, 38, 1189-1192.Smith, B., & Cornell, J. (1991). Apa guide.

Journal of APA, 38 (9), 1189-1192. Book Smith, B. (1990). APA guide. Washington, DC:

American Psychological Association.

References

A web sitePlonsky, M. (2004). Psychology with style: A

hypertext writing guide (Version 5). Retrieved from the Web January 10, 2004. http://www.uwsp.edu/psych/apa4b.htm

Edited bookMarshall, F. D. (Ed.). (2000). Apa style. Atlanta:

Kluwer Publications.

References

An article in an edited book

Cicero, T. J. (1979). A critique of animal analogues of alcoholism. In E. Majchrowicz & E. P. Noble (Eds.), Biochemistry and pharmacology of ethanol (Volume 2, pp. 31-59). New York: Plenum Press.

References

Groups as authors

U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1971). Alcohol and Health. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

References

Unpublished manuscript with a university cited

Smith, J. J. (2000). APA style. Unpublished manuscript, New York University.