APA Style Tutorial- Part III: Referencing

Overview

Purpose of a style guideStandardize the reporting of the

resourcesMakes it easy to identify the

resources used and allow readers to find them

Validates the research used by the author

Where to go for HELP!

If there is a question about how to do either a citation or a reference, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the reference source.

To generate citations and references for a resource: http://citationmachine.net/leftpanel.php?reqstyleid=2_

APA has a Web site that can also be useful:http://www.apastyle.org/askexpert.html

The References List

Reference sources used in your paper must be listed. Start references on a new page after the body of your text.

List alphabetically by author’s last name (or title, if author not known).

Use a ½ inch hanging indent for each line after the first line and double-spaced throughout.

Sample References Page

References Page Caveats

If you have more than one source by the same author, arrange by year of publication beginning with the earliest.

Capitalization: titles of books and articles are treated like sentences with only the first word capitalized. (Proper nouns should be capitalized, just as they would in a sentence, e.g.:

Asante, M. (1995). African American history: A journey of liberation. Maywood, NJ: People’s Publishing Group.)

More Reference Page Caveats

Authors’ first names are always reduced to initials, eg: Akbar, N. (1996).

Multiple authors are joined with an ampersand “&” instead of with the word “and”, eg: Allen, R. & Bagozzi, R. (2001).

Single-author entries precede those with co-authors, eg: Allen, R. (2001) would be listed before Allen, R. & Bagozzi, R. (2001).

Referencing a journal article from print

Harrell, S. (2000). A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress: Implications for the well-being of people of color. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 42-57.

Author (Year). Title of the article. Journal Title, Volume #, page numbers.

Referencing a journal article retrieved online

Kessler, R. & Neighbors, H. (1986). A new perspective on the relationship among race, social class, and psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 107-115. Retrieved August 11, 2007 from Academic Search Elite.

Author (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Volume #, page numbers. Retrieval information.

Referencing a book

Hacker, A. (1992). Two nations: Black and White, separate, hostile and unequal. New York: Scribner.

Author (Year). Book title. Publisher.

Referencing a chapter of a book

Utsey, S., Bolden, M., & Brown, A. (2001). Visions of revelation from the spirit of Frantz Fanon: A psychology of liberation for counseling African Americans confronting societal racism and depression. In J. Ponterotto, J. Casas. L. Suzuki & L. Alexander (Eds.): Handbook of Multicultural Counseling (pp. 311-336). London: Sage Publications.

Author (Year). Chapter Title. Book editors (Eds.): Book Title (page numbers). Publisher.

Referencing Online documents

Author (Year). Title of work. Retrieved month, day, year from source.

electronic sources include Web sites or Web pages, newsgroups, Web- or e-mail based discussion groups and newsletters

If there is no date for a document, use (n.d.) in the year section of the reference.