APES

Monday, September 14th

Reminders:

Lorax & Easter’s End 5 paragraph comparison essay due 9/24

Finish Unit 3 vocabulary- Quiz Tuesday 9/22

Tentative Unit 3 Test Date- 9/29

Today’s Schedule

Review sample FRQ

Critical Thinking Q’s

Start Unit 3 notes

Loss of Biodiversity Lab

Unit 3 Chapter 5 & 12

Evolution & Biodiversity

Types of Biodiversity: Species (# of species)

Genetic (Variety of genes)

Ecological (Variety of ecosystems)

Functional (Variety of processes)

1.9 million species identified

~10-14 million estimated to exist

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHhspf5IfdE

Evidence indicates that earth’s life is the result of

about 1 billion years of chemical evolution

followed by 3.7 billion years of biological

evolution p.88 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NdMnlt2keE TED Ed

Knowledge about earth’s early life comes from fossils,

chemical analysis, ice cores, DNA analysis,

Homologous structures, Vestigial Structures

Fossil record is incomplete? Why?

We only have fossils of 1% of all species that lived on earth.

Fossil = Physical evidence of ancient

organisms

Fossil record = entire body of fossil

evidence

APES

Tuesday, September 15th

Reminders:

Lorax & Easter’s End 5 paragraph comparison essay due 9/24

Finish Unit 3 vocabulary- Quiz Tuesday 9/22

Tentative Unit 3 Test Date- 9/29

Today’s Schedule

Unit 3 notes

Adaptation Read & Present

Microevolution: change in a population’s gene pool

over time. Well-supported theory; documented in bacteria,

pests, viruses, etc. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/10/4/l_104_09.html

long-term, large-scale evolutionary changes through which new species form from ancestral species: Evidence:

fossils & comparative morphology

A lot more

debatable…

Macroevolution:

Evolution Requirements:

1.Genetic variability in trait

2.Trait is heritable

3.Individuals with trait leave more offspring Where does Genetic variation come from?

Random shuffling of alleles during sexual reproduction

Mutations: random changes in structure or number of DNA molecules

o Result of random mistakes during DNA replication, X-rays,

Radiation, Man-made chemicals, or random mistakes during DNA

replication & cell division

o Mutations in parents get passed on to progeny

Then What happens?

Environmental pressure causes organisms better adapted to survive to reproduce &

make offspring with the same traits, adaptations become more common in succeeding

populations

Adaptations can be: Physical (teeth, body covering), Physiological/ Chemical

(making venom, plants living high acid conditions), Behavioral (playing dead, migration)

APES

Thursday, September 17th

Reminders:

Lorax & Easter’s End 5 paragraph comparison essay due 9/24

Finish Unit 3 vocabulary- Quiz Tuesday 9/22

Tentative Unit 3 Test Date- 9/29

Today’s Schedule

Unit 3 notes or

Jigsaw Spotlight on Biodiversity

Home base Group

Expert Group- Summarize

Home base Group- Teach , Create,

Present

Reminders:

Lorax & Easter’s End 5 paragraph comparison essay

due 9/24

Unit 3 Test Date- 9/29 (may be a take home test)

Today’s Schedule

Vocabulary Quiz

Present posters, take notes, Spotlight on Biodiversity

Quiz

APES

Tuesday, September 22nd

Reminders:

Lorax & Easter’s End 5 paragraph comparison essay

due 9/24 TOMORROW

Unit 3 Test Date- 9/29 (may be a take home test)

Today’s Schedule

Finish notes (?)

APES

Wednesday, September 23rd

Reminders:

Unit 3 Test Date- 9/29 (may be a take home test)

Today’s Schedule

Finish notes (?)

Lorax & Easter’s End 5 paragraph comparison essay

due 9/24 TODAY! Put it in the Inbox.

APES

Thursday, September 24th

Allopatric SPECIATION

Geographic isolation: physical isolation of populations for a

long period (volcanic eruption, advancing of glaciers, changes in sea level, etc.)

Reproductive isolation: mutations & natural selection in

isolated pops lead to inability to produce viable offspring

One species

Two species

Myths about Evolution

“Survival of the fittest” is not “survival of the strongest”

Organisms do not develop traits out of need or desire

No grand plan of nature (random)

Humans will not develop skin resistant to UV radiation, lungs that filter air pollution, or

livers that detoxify pollutants (genetic trait has to be present to begin with & we reproduce

slowly so it takes thousands to millions to adapt through natural selection)

Coevolution:When 2 species interact over time, they can change

the direction of each other’s evolution

Moths develop ears to detect & evade2.

Moths developed high frequency4.

clicksto jam bats echolocation system

1. Bats use echolocation 3. Bats switch frequency 5. Bats stop making sounds & follow clicks

Adaptations are refined in this ongoing coevolutionary contest

*Start here

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QDVbt2qQRqs

Bozeman

Human-Caused Evolution:

Artificial selection: selective breeding for traits

Genetic engineering: genetically-modified organisms (GMOs)

Ex: Bt corn; insulin-making bacteria (Biofarming); Golden Rice

(vitamin A); bacteria that extract minerals i.e. Cu; cold tolerant plants http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/03/07/173611461/in-a-grain-of-golden-rice-a-world-of-controversy-over-gmo-foods

cows that give more milk

food crops w/higher yields

Species Diversity

Richest environments: Tropical rain forests

Coral reefs

Large tropical lakes

Ocean bottom

Species Role or Niche includes…

Adaptations

Role it plays in matter cycles and

energy flow

Range of tolerance to env. conditions

(temp. & water availability)

Types & amounts of resources used

Interactions with other species

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JePixuWr2n0

Biodiversity: Richness, Evenness, Importance

Video Assignment: 1. Give an example of species

evenness & species richness 2. Name 4 ecosystem

services

Two Types of Species with Respect to Niches:

Generalist have Broad Niches

Live in many habitats, eat variety of food, tolerate wide range of

environmental conditions

Deer

Rats & mice

Coyotes

Two Types of Species with Respect to Niches:

Specialists (Narrow Niches)

Live in one type of habitat, eat few types of food,

tolerate narrow range of environmental conditions

More prone to extinction

Giant panda

Specialized feeding niches of coastal birds reduces competition and

allows for sharing of limited resources

Adaptive Radiation can result in Specialists

Adaptive radiation: evolutionary divergence of a single species into

a variety of species when new niches are available Left: finches on Hawaii

Right: finches on Galapagos

Special Focus: Amphibian Decline • Frogs are sensitive to environmental disruption at various points in their

life cycle

• Eggs are sensitive to UV radiation or pollution

• Adults absorb pollutants through skin

Causes include:

Habitat loss & fragmentation

Climate change

Increased UV radiation

Viral & Fungal Diseases: Chytrid fungus

Pollution: pesticides (atrazine)

Overhunting (frog legs)

Nonnative predators & competitors

Why should we care: indicators, role as predators, pharmaceuticals

Indicator species: provide early warning of damage to a community

Frogs, butterflies, birds

Keystone species: have a large

effect on the types and abundances of

other species

Top predators, pollinators;

Ex: honey bees, sea otter, gray wolf

Foundation species: enhance their

habitats, which benefit others

Ex: Alligators, beavers, elephants, kelp

United Streaming Video

Biodiversity Loss: Extinction: loss of a species

Local = extirpation

Biological = lost forever

Background extinction: typical extinction b/c

not all life can sustain on earth

Mass extinction: significant rise in extinction rates above the background

Widespread/ global event in which 25-70% of species are lost

3-5 have occurred over past 500 million years (last one 65 m.y.a)

Can lead to adaptive radiations (taking advantage of opportunities)

Human-Caused Biodiversity Loss:

Before humans rate was 1 extinction per million species per year

Extinction rate now 10,000 species per million

Some saw we’re currently in the 6th Mass Extinction

Some Species are More Prone to Extinction: Slow reproducers

Specialized niche

Top predator

Commercially valuable

Need large territories

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFmovUAWQUQ

Threats to Biodiversity- Climate Change

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQ5EulDofdQ

Ted Dextinction- California Condor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye4Swf3-yDM

Whooping Crane

Loss of Biodiversity: Why Should We Care?

1. Species provide natural capital and services – Pollination, Pest control, chemical cycling, etc.

2. Most species contribute economic services – Plants for food, fuel, lumber, medicine

– Ecotourism

3. Many people believe species have an intrinsic right to exist

• How Humans Decrease Biodiversity:

–HIPPCO

• Habitat destruction/

fragmentation = Biggest threat

• Invasive species

• Pop growth

• Pollution

• Climate change

• Overexploitation: overharvesting

& poaching

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-

Hbl0bV8FA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzaeYzAC8Ro

Solutions: CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

Bans the hunting, capturing, & selling of threatened species

Endangered Species Act of 1973

Goal: Identify and protect endangered species in the U.S. and abroad

Started w/ 92 US species

Currently protects ~1,550 species in US http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/boxScore.jsp

National Marine Fisheries Service -ocean species

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - all others

Wildlife Refuges & Botanical Gardens First one was Pelican Island est. 1903 by T. Roosevelt

Savannah National Wildlife Refuge

Captive breeding in zoos & aquariums Egg pulling

Artificial insemination

Embryo transfer

Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge

The Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge in

Florida was America’s first National Wildlife

Refuge. It was established in 1903 to help

protect the brown pelican and other birds from

extinction. In 2009, the brown pelican was

removed from the U.S. endangered species

list.

Sustaining Biodiversity

Mini Project:

You may work alone or up to a group of 3.

Create two 8.5” x 11” posters

The 1st one must be about an extinct or endangered

plant or animal

The 2nd one must be about an invasive species.

Include a short description of the organism

(scientific name, status, where it is from, 2 other interesting

characteristics)

why it is extinct or endangered OR a threat (invasive),

and what is being done about its status

and a picture

Wednesday September 30, 2015

Reminders

Test Due in INBOX

NB Check for those who took ACT yesterday

Agenda:

Get the chrome book that matches your folder #

Learnerator

Mini Project