Apologetics Part I - Naturalism. Apologetics Are… Effective Christianity Effective Christianity “But sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being

ApologeticsApologetics

Part I - NaturalismPart I - Naturalism

Apologetics Are…Apologetics Are… Effective ChristianityEffective Christianity

““But sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to But sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a make a defensedefense to everyone who asks you to give an account to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence.” for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence.” 1 Peter 3:15 (NASB-U)1 Peter 3:15 (NASB-U)

PersuasionPersuasion ““Therefore, knowing the fear of the Lord, we Therefore, knowing the fear of the Lord, we persuadepersuade men” men”

- 2 Cor. 5:11 (NASB-U)- 2 Cor. 5:11 (NASB-U) Preceeded by the message of Grace:Preceeded by the message of Grace:

Now all these things are from God, who reconciled us to Himself Now all these things are from God, who reconciled us to Himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation, [19] through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation, [19] namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to Himself, not counting their trespasses against them, and He has not counting their trespasses against them, and He has committed to us the word of reconciliationcommitted to us the word of reconciliation. 2 Cor. 5:18-19 . 2 Cor. 5:18-19 (NASB-U)(NASB-U)

Apologetics Are…Apologetics Are… Intimidating!Intimidating!

Praying Praying at the same time for us as well, that God will at the same time for us as well, that God will open up to us a door open up to us a door for the word, so that we may for the word, so that we may speak forth the mystery of Christ, for which I have speak forth the mystery of Christ, for which I have also been imprisoned; [4] also been imprisoned; [4] that I may make it clear in that I may make it clear in the way I ought to speakthe way I ought to speak..- Col. 4:3-4 (NASB-U)- Col. 4:3-4 (NASB-U)

Defining TermsDefining Terms

NaturalismNaturalism““No God”No God”

Materialism, Materialism, agnosticismagnosticism, , skepticism, atheism, etc.skepticism, atheism, etc.




PantheismPantheism“One-ism”“One-ism”

Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, New Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, New Age: Everything is Age: Everything is spiritualspiritual…a …a forceforce






TheismTheismPersonal GodPersonal God

Christianity, Judaism, IslamChristianity, Judaism, IslamCreated the World: important,but Created the World: important,but temporarytemporary







Christianity, Judaism, IslamChristianity, Judaism, IslamCreated the World: important,but Created the World: important,but temporarytemporary

AnimismAnimismMany spiritsMany spirits

Folk religions, polytheism: a Folk religions, polytheism: a predominant religious view.predominant religious view.

Defining TermsDefining TermsManMan


Chance Chance Collection of Collection of MoleculesMolecules








At oneAt one with with the universethe universeGoal:NirvanaGoal:Nirvana























PersonalPersonal,,Eternal,Eternal,BiologicalBiological


















A A CreatureCreature w/ “special” w/ “special” relationshipsrelationships

Defining TermsDefining TermsManMan TruthTruth



Relies on Relies on empricismempricismSenses+LogicSenses+Logic













ExperienceExperienceUnity w/ Unity w/ UniverseUniverse

























RevelationRevelation from from GodGod and and sciencescience












RevelationRevelation from from GodGod and and sciencescience



TraditionTradition & & the the ShamanShaman

Why Does God Exist?Why Does God Exist?The Teleological Argument:The Teleological Argument:

DesignDesign implies a implies a DesignerDesigner..“Purposeful development, as in nature or history,

toward a final end.” - The American Heritage DictionaryThe American Heritage Dictionary


DesignDesign implies a implies a DesignerDesigner..Counter-Arguments:Counter-Arguments:

It could be natural law, or just chance.It could be natural law, or just chance. ““Design” is an arbitrary term.Design” is an arbitrary term.

Not forscientists!


DesignDesign implies a implies a DesignerDesigner..Counter-Arguments:Counter-Arguments:

It could be natural law, or just chance.It could be natural law, or just chance. ““Design” is an arbitrary term.Design” is an arbitrary term. What about

THIS??!

Inorganic EvolutionInorganic Evolution

Inorganic to Organic Life:Inorganic to Organic Life:The Complication (NASA)The Complication (NASA)

20 of 24 Amino acids are 20 of 24 Amino acids are requiredrequired..145 145 DifferentDifferent Protein Molecules are Protein Molecules are

RequiredRequired to sustain life. to sustain life.A Single Protein Molecule is:A Single Protein Molecule is:

A A Precise arrangementPrecise arrangement of Amino Acids of Amino Acids ““The length of the average protein in the The length of the average protein in the

smallest known living cell is smallest known living cell is at least 400 at least 400 amino acid lengthsamino acid lengths containing more than containing more than 7,000 atoms7,000 atoms.” .” - James Coppage, “Evolution: - James Coppage, “Evolution: Possible or Impossible?” Zondervan, 1975Possible or Impossible?” Zondervan, 1975

An An InorganicInorganic Molecule: H Molecule: H2200

7,000 Atoms

400 Amino Acids

GroupedintoPeptides

Only one Amino Acid out of sequence: sicle cell anemia

Feasibility Study:Feasibility Study:Coppage’s AssumptionsCoppage’s Assumptions

Primitive atmosphere: “pre-biotic soup”Primitive atmosphere: “pre-biotic soup” All 20 necessary amino acids have already formedAll 20 necessary amino acids have already formed

In the correct proportions required.In the correct proportions required. All in the Left-Handed configuration.All in the Left-Handed configuration. Only 400 required (7,000 atoms).Only 400 required (7,000 atoms).

All the atoms in the earth’s atmosphere and crust are All the atoms in the earth’s atmosphere and crust are already converted into amino acids for use.already converted into amino acids for use.

Protected from ultra-violet lightProtected from ultra-violet light They They automaticallyautomatically assemble: assemble:

1 Substitution in the 400-link Chain Allowed1 Substitution in the 400-link Chain Allowed Rate of formation: 1/10^15 per second (normally 3-5 seconds)Rate of formation: 1/10^15 per second (normally 3-5 seconds) Immediately reassembleImmediately reassemble

Total Assemblies:Total Assemblies:10^4110^41stst sets of amino acids sets of amino acids

(earth’s crust & atmosphere atoms as amino acids)(earth’s crust & atmosphere atoms as amino acids)100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

x 10^24x 10^24thth assemblies assemblies per setper set per yearper year10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00010,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

= 10^65= 10^65th th annual assemblies.annual assemblies.1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,

000,000,000,000,000,000000,000,000,000,000,000

x 5,000,000,000 Years (earth is 5 billion yrs old)x 5,000,000,000 Years (earth is 5 billion yrs old)

= 10^75= 10^75thth total assemblies (rounded total assemblies (rounded upup))10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000

Chances for 10^75Chances for 10^75thth Assemblies AssembliesResulting in 1 Useful Protein?Resulting in 1 Useful Protein?

Only 1:10^240Only 1:10^240thth Combinations = Combinations = 1 usable protein.1 usable protein.

1:10^2361:10^236thth - allowing - allowing 1 out-of-sequence 1 out-of-sequence amino acids.amino acids.

BUT: There’s only BUT: There’s only 10^7510^75thth assemblies assemblies since the earth since the earth began!began! 0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Required Actual

expo

nent

s of

10

10^16110^161stst chancechance of 1 “hit” (10^236 of 1 “hit” (10^236thth ÷ 10^75 ÷ 10^75thth))

Chances for 10^75Chances for 10^75thth Assemblies AssembliesResulting in 1 Useful Protein?Resulting in 1 Useful Protein?

10^161st 10^161st chancechance of 1 “hit” of 1 “hit”1:1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,1:1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,

000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,00000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 0,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000000,000

Ohio Lottery: 1:10,000,000Ohio Lottery: 1:10,000,000

How Much How Much TimeTime Required Requiredto Assemble 1 Useful Protein?to Assemble 1 Useful Protein?

10 ^ 17110 ^ 171stst Years Years(10^236(10^236thth combinations ÷ 10^75 combinations ÷ 10^75thth annual assemblies) annual assemblies)

10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 YEARS000,000,000 YEARS

How long is 10^171 Years?How long is 10^171 Years?

Consider an Consider an Amoeba.Amoeba.

It’s a s-l-o-o-w It’s a s-l-o-o-w Amoeba, Amoeba, travelling 1 inch travelling 1 inch per year.per year.

It carries just 1 It carries just 1 atom on its back...atom on its back...

How long is 10^171 Years?How long is 10^171 Years? Sliding along a string Sliding along a string the the

length of the universe length of the universe, , at 1 inch per year… at 1 inch per year…

Turning around, and Turning around, and carrying the atom back carrying the atom back again on that string...again on that string...

How much material How much material could this Amoeba could this Amoeba move in 10^171 move in 10^171 years?years?

How long is 10^171 Years?How long is 10^171 Years?

That slow Amoeba could That slow Amoeba could move 10^64 move 10^64 universesuniverses across that string and across that string and back.back. (An estimated 5 x 10^78 (An estimated 5 x 10^78

atoms in the universe…atoms in the universe… 15 billion light-years across =15 billion light-years across =

(2 x 10^28 years at 1 inch /yr)(2 x 10^28 years at 1 inch /yr) In 10^107 years he moves the In 10^107 years he moves the

mass of 1 universe.mass of 1 universe.

A A Living Living Single-CellSingle-Cell

Contains Contains ThousandsThousands of of proteinsproteins organized into organized into dozens of organelles.dozens of organelles.

True for True for everyevery living cell. living cell.Humans have Humans have billionsbillions of of

these cells.these cells.

The Probability forThe Probability forSpontaneous Inorganic->Organic Spontaneous Inorganic->Organic

Evolution:Evolution:

““If the probability of an event is infinitely slight, it is If the probability of an event is infinitely slight, it is equivalent to the practical impossibility of equivalent to the practical impossibility of happening within certain time limits.” happening within certain time limits.” Joseph Louis Comte LagrangeJoseph Louis Comte Lagrange

An An extremeextreme faith position: believing in the faith position: believing in the impossible.impossible.

“An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, the origin of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going.” Francis Crick, Life Itself

Romans 1:19-21Romans 1:19-21

Romans 1:19-21 “that which is known about God Romans 1:19-21 “that which is known about God is evident within them; for God made it evident to is evident within them; for God made it evident to them. [20] For since the creation of the world His them. [20] For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made, so understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse. that they are without excuse.

[21] For even though they knew God, they did not [21] For even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their speculations, and their became futile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened.”foolish heart was darkened.”

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Apologetics Part I - Naturalism. Apologetics Are… Effective Christianity Effective Christianity “But sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being